城市家庭在外肉类消费研究——基于全国六城市的家庭饮食消费调查

利用全国6个城市1340户家庭详细消费调查数据,本文分析了我国城市家庭在外饮食中的肉类消费现状及其影响因素。结果表明,尽管存在一定的区域差异,城市家庭人均在外肉类消费在肉类总消费中仍占有显著的比重(平均近30%);居民收入水平和家庭人口年龄结构对居民在外肉类消费有重要影响;随着居民收入水平的提高,在外肉类消费显著增加;不同代际居民的在外肉类消费差异明显。     

城市居民在外就餐食物浪费影响因素实证研究

[目的]我国在外就餐浪费的食物占到食物浪费总量的绝大部分,新时期我国城市居民发生食物浪费行为的影响因素也发生了新的变化,城市居民在外就餐食物浪费评价及其浪费行为的影响因素是文章研究的重点。[方法]文章在构建了城市居民在外就餐食物浪费评价指标体系的基础上,利用2013—2015年对北京市居民在外就餐食物浪费的大量调查数据,采用了列联表分析、Spearman相关分析、因子分析、方差分析等多种方法对城市居民在外就餐浪费食物的情况及浪费行为的影响因素进行了实证分析,最后通过多元线性回归方程拟合构建了城市居民在外就餐食物浪费影响因子模型。[结果]根据受访人主观感受得到的北京市居民在外就餐食物浪费并不严重,居民的年龄、职业、居住情况和就业状况对在其在外就餐食物浪费有显著影响。[结论]实证结果表明就餐原因、就餐人数、就餐频率、工作性质、收入水平在城市居民在外就餐浪费状况中扮演重要的角色,而年龄、本地居住时间以及对能源短缺的认知是其中的关键影响因素。     

中国城市居民肉类消费及其对水资源的影响——基于一致的Two-step QUAIDS模型研究

本研究运用一致的Two-step QUAIDS模型分析了肉类(包括畜、禽、水产品)需求变化特征,并从水足迹的角度探讨了肉类消费结构变化带来的资源环境效应,论证了从消费端进行价格干预实现水资源管理的可能性。结果表明,城市居民肉类消费需求随收入增长持续增加,同时,在外消费占比显著上升,由此带来的水资源压力也持续增大;但从结构上看,畜产品在肉类消费中比重将随收入提高而下降,从而使得单位重量肉类消费水足迹呈现下降趋势。进一步模拟结果表明,对在家消费的禽肉和水产品分别降价10%以及对在家畜肉产品加价10%,将使每千克肉类消费水足迹分别下降1.0%、2.9%及2.3%。本研究为从消费端探索水资源可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

农村居民食物消费的AIDS模型研究

本文采用AIDS模型对2004年陕西省、山东省和江西省农村居民的食物消费调查数据进行分析，考察了影响农村居民食物消费的各种因素。结果表明，农村居民食物消费支出份额前三位分别为粮食、肉类和蔬菜；地区差异是影响居民食物的消费因素之一；市场发育促进了水产品、肉类和瓜果等食物的消费，但减少了农村居民自产品的消费量；家庭规模对粮食、肉类、蔬菜和瓜果的影响具有显著性。     

农户家庭特征与消费结构的实证研究——以江汉平原为例

本文以农户家庭总收入和农户家庭人口特征为自变量,分析了其对农户家庭消费结构的影响。结果表明,农户家庭实物消费或生存型消费主要受农户家庭总收入和对总收入有影响的家庭人口特征的影响,与家庭其他人口特征关系不密切;而服务消费(发展型消费)和享受型消费则主要受家庭人口特征的影响,家庭总收入对其影响不显著。     

农户消费行为差异分析——基于湖北两地区农户的调查

本文利用湖北省209户农村家庭的入户访谈调查数据,首先运用Probit模型分析影响农户消费行为的主要因素,然后运用分位数回归模型分析不同消费阶层农户消费行为的差异性。研究发现,家庭消费决策者性别和年龄会影响家庭消费水平;风险偏好型的决策者倾向于增加即期消费而非预防性储蓄;家庭抚养子女和赡养老人数量会显著增加高消费农户的家庭支出,而这一因素对低消费农户家庭支出无显著影响;家庭收入水平对家庭消费的影响最大,不同收入水平的家庭存在显著的消费异质性;收入预期对所有消费阶层的农户消费行为均产生了显著影响;农村养老保险和合作医疗保险制度还没有在高消费和低消费阶层中产生显著的消费引致效应;支付养老保险金不会影响高消费农户的消费水平,但却在低消费农户中产生了显著的消费挤出效应。     

我国城镇居民水产品消费影响因素分析

本文通过建立城镇居民水产品消费的双对数需求模型,考察了居民收入水平、水产品自身价格和相关商品价格对水产品需求量的影响.模型结果表明,影响城镇居民水产品消费的因素主要是居民人均收入水平和水产品价格,且前者与水产品人均消费量呈正相关,后者与水产品人均消费量呈负相关.     

外出务工促进农村留守人员肉类消费了吗——基于河南、四川、安徽和江西四省的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

本文基于非农就业的视角,采用2003—2011年河南、四川、安徽和江西四省的农业部固定观察点1752个农户共10356份样本,运用混合OLS回归和面板固定效应模型,分析外出务工对农村留守人员肉类消费的影响,以期为改善我国农村居民营养健康状况提供具体建议。研究发现,(1)家庭成员外出务工显著影响留守人员的肉类消费,有外出务工人员的农村家庭人均肉类消费明显高于无外出务工人员家庭;(2)收入和家庭人口规模对人均肉类消费有显著影响,农村人均肉类消费与人均纯收入呈现显著的正相关,与家庭常住人口规模呈现显著的负相关;(3)家庭人口结构对人均肉类消费有显著影响,农村居民的人均肉类消费与家庭儿童数量呈显著的正相关,且与老人数量呈现显著的负相关。研究表明,农村居民外出就业明显促进了农村居民的肉类消费,外出务工对农村留守人员的肉类消费具有明显的'利他主义'效应。     

正规借贷促进农村居民家庭消费了吗?——基于PSM方法的实证分析

本文从收入增长效应视角阐释了正规借贷影响农户家庭消费的机理,基于山东省622户农户的实地调查数据,运用Logit模型剖析了农户参与正规借贷的影响因素,利用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)测算了正规借贷对农村居民家庭总消费、生产性消费和生活性消费的影响效应,比较了影响效应在不同年龄、受教育程度下的组群差异,并采用Tobit模型和OLS模型实证检验了收入增长效应视角下正规借贷对农村居民家庭消费的影响机理。研究结果表明:户主年龄、户主受教育年限、亲友供职于信用社或银行、家庭资产、对正规借贷的了解情况、未来三年融资需求等因素显著影响农户参与正规借贷;正规借贷会促使农户家庭总消费、生产性消费和生活性消费分别显著提升82.1%、164.3%和71.1%,对生产性消费的促进作用大于对生活性消费的促进作用。组群差异结果表明,相较于其他年龄段与受教育程度的户主,正规借贷对户主年龄处于45～55岁、户主受教育程度为高中及以上的农户家庭消费的影响效应更为显著。此外,农户获取正规借贷后通过增加收入进而提升农户家庭消费水平的影响机理得以验证。     

习惯形成对农村居民水产品消费行为的影响——基于区域比较的实证分析

为揭示习惯因素对农村居民水产品消费刺激作用的区域差异,选取五个具有区域代表性的省份为样本,利用其城乡居民家庭人均水产品消费的时间序列数据,基于习惯形成理论,运用协整理论及方法对我国农村居民家庭水产品消费行为中的习惯形成效应进行了区域比较研究。结果表明：农村居民水产品消费行为中存在显著的内部习惯形成效应,基本不存在区域差异;而外部习惯形成效应则表现出明显的区域差异,经济较发达地区城镇居民的水产品消费行为对农村居民的消费具有显著的示范效应,而经济欠发达地区城镇居民的消费行为对农村居民则没有显著的示范作用。     

Working Women and Expenditures on Food Away-From-Home and At-Home in Spain

Spain currently is experiencing rapid cultural and economic changes that influence food markets. In this paper, the selection and purchase of food away from home and at home in Spain are modeled in a two-stage process using switching regression techniques with explicit accounting for the value of women's time available for household production. The empirical results show that the value of women's time, income, and household demographic variables are important determinants of both participation in the market for and expenditures on food away from home. The paper concludes that high-income, young families with few children and employed family heads are more likely to consume food away from home and also to spend more than others on food away from home.     

Chinese animal product consumption in the 1990s

Chinese animal product consumption behaviour was analysed for both urban and rural households using a complete regional consumption dataset that was augmented to include away-from-home consumption. Seven animal product expenditure share equations were estimated with an extended Almost Ideal Demand System model. The results suggest that Chinese consumers will continue to increase their consumption of animal products, but that consumption patterns have changed in the 1990s. A large percentage of household animal product expenditure is still on pork. However, the shares for aquatic and poultry products consumption will increase substantially. As a consequence, the pork expenditure share will be gradually reduced as incomes grow and diet preferences change in both urban and rural households. There are significant differences in animal product consumption preferences across regions of China. As a result, studies that omit regional dummy variables in their demand systems can produce different expenditure and price parameters. The present paper also found that many of the estimates of elasticities and marginal expenditure shares would be rather different if the data ignored consumption away from home.     

Meat demand in China: to include or not to include meat away from home?

This study examines meat consumption in China, the world's largest meat consumer and producer, by considering both meat consumed at home and away from home based upon a diary‐based household survey. The results indicate that income growth leads to beef, poultry, other meat and pork away from home consumption to grow more than proportionally to total meat consumption. We also find that meats consumed away from home grow faster than at home counterparts due to higher income elasticities, suggesting that ignoring meat away from home could significantly underestimate current and future meat consumption.     

Unpacked and packed fluid milk consumption patterns and preferences in Turkey

The objective of this study is to investigate unpacked and packed fluid milk consumption patterns and preferences among Turkish households by using cross‐sectional survey data from 18,278 households. Based on the data, 47.8% of the households consume unpacked milk, 29.3% consume sterilized milk, and 7.9% consume pasteurized fluid milk at least once a month. Results of the multinomial logit model for fluid milk consumption behavior suggest that unpacked fluid milk preference is related positively to household size, income and age of the household head, and negatively to education level of the household head and status of the household wife. Similarly, pasteurized and sterilized fluid milk preferences are related positively to income and the education level of the household head, and negatively to household size and age of the household head. Results from these analyses are used to suggest techniques for marketing fluid milk products to specific segments of the consumer population.     

Expenditure Pattern for Food Away from Home Consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT

One of the largest recent changes in consumer food purchasing behavior is the trend towards greater consumption of food eaten outside the home. Between 1994 and 2000, the share of total food expenditures spent on food away from home (FAFH) increased from 7 to 15% with an increasing share for fast-food facilities. This study focuses on whether demographic and socioeconomic factors have detectable effects on Turkish FAFH expenditures. This question is of interest because previous studies suggest that increasing household income, education, female labor participation and changing lifestyle especially in developing countries increased household FAFH consumption share but decreased food at home consumption share. However, no study to our knowledge has examined the combined effect of income, education, employment, and family status on Turkish FAFH consumption. The data for this research were obtained from personal interviews of representative sample households of the province of Adana in Turkey. The findings of this study generally indicate that restaurant facilities, employment of wife and education, composition of household, and income are statistically significant determinants of FAFH consumption.     

The demand for alcoholic beverages in Spain

The objective of this study is to analyze the main determinants of alcoholic beverages consumption at home. Data comes from the latest Spanish Household National Survey, which provides information on expenditure and quantities of different food products by household. Because households are interviewed only 1 week, a large number of zeros have been recorded. Among the existing censured demand models (the double hurdle (DH) model; the purchase‐infrequency model; and the Tobit purchase‐infrequency model, among others) and after carrying out model selection tests, the DH model has been finally estimated. All expenditure elasticities are positive, corresponding the highest value to spirits. Own price elasticities are negative and also in this case the spirits exhibit the highest value. Socio‐economic variables also play an important role in explaining consumer purchase and consumption decisions.     

The effects of food sales taxes on household food spending: An application of a censored cluster model

This study proposes a model of household food spending that accounts for zero censoring and can be applied to data collected through a clustered survey design to investigate the impact of food sales taxes on three groups: households who are eligible for and participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), households who are eligible but do not participate in the program, and households who are not eligible for the program. We find that SNAP participating households are largely insensitive to grocery taxes and respond to restaurant taxes by shifting more of their food dollars towards at-home foods. Among households who are eligible for SNAP but do not participate in the program, grocery taxes reduce spending on foods purchased for at-home consumption, and thereby increase the amount of the total food budget allocated to away from home foods. This is concerning from a nutrition and health standpoint since away from home foods tend to be more calorie dense and nutritionally poorer than at home foods.     

The demand for selected nutrients by Greek households: an empirical analysis with quantile regressions

The article uses information from the 1993–1994 Household Consumption Survey and the semiparametric quantile regression approach to analyze the demand for three macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and three micronutrients (minerals, vitamins, and cholesterol) in Greece. According to the empirical results the age of the household head, the degree of urbanization, the percentage of food expenditure devoted to food away‐from‐home, and the per capita consumption expenditure affect the intakes of nutrients across all the five quantiles considered. The impact, however, of the household head's gender and the impact of his (her) educational achievement are located only at the lower and the higher quantiles, respectively. The expenditure elasticities are substantially lower than unity, suggesting inelastic responses of nutrient intakes to per capita consumption expenditure.     

个人工资水平、家庭迁移特征与农民工城市消费--留城意愿的调节和中介作用分析

农民工城市消费受到个人与家庭决策两方面的影响。本研究构建了包括个人工资水平、家庭迁移特征与留城意愿的农民工城市消费理论框架,结合5省3524名农民工的专项调研数据,探讨个人与家庭特征对农民工个人城市消费的影响,并深入探讨两类特征对农民工个人城市消费的作用机制和影响路径。研究结果显示:第一,农民工工资收入水平对其城市消费水平具有显著的正向作用,尤其是发展与享受型消费;第二,留城意愿对农民工城市消费水平也有显著的正向作用,但迁移家庭完整度对其消费没有直接影响,而是通过留城意愿间接地促进农民工的城市消费;第三,留城意愿在农民工工资收入水平与其城市消费之间起着正向调节作用,即农民工留城意愿越强,工资收入水平的提高对农民工城市消费的正向促进作用越大。     

Estimating labor supply of farm households under nonseparability: empirical evidence from Nepal

This paper examines the labor supply of farm households in Nepal using a recently developed methodology that accounts for the simultaneity between production and consumption decisions of the households. Estimates of marginal products of male and female labor or shadow wages are obtained from an agricultural production function. An instrumental variable approach is then used to recover the household's structural labor supply from variations in the shadow wages and income, as well as other household characteristics. The findings reveal that both male and female total labor supply are sensitive to changes in shadow wages and income. Human capital embodied in education is found to exert a significant positive effect on output, but has no statistically significant impact on total labor supply of individuals. The results also rejects the existence of efficient labor markets in rural Nepal.