基于外部环境变迁的中国家族企业演化博弈研究

通过构建家族企业演化博弈理论框架,本文梳理了中国家族企业外部环境流变,分析了聂氏家族、冯氏家族企业的内部博弈和外部博弈。从中国家族企业外部环境变迁中可以看出政权的更迭给家族企业营造了不利的发展环境,家族企业在无干预的社会环境下会发展得更好;通过比较聂氏恒丰和冯氏利丰演化博弈的发展经历,发现未完全演化的家族企业终将走向衰亡,惟有形成新认知模式、完全演化的家族企业才能成功延续。     

A Picture of Brazil from the Viewpoint of Cultural Change and Business Exchange

Abstract

This paper argues that, with trade and business exchange, cultural change is introduced to business partners. After analyzing the impact of trade in societies, leading to the transformation of traditional holistic ideologies to individualistic ones, Brazilian society is appraised as a dual culture existing under a constant tension between the demands of social hierarchy and predatory individualism. The paper argues that Brazil's dual culture has been a deterrent to economic remedies that worked in societies that experienced industrialism. Finally, the possibility of cultural changes is assessed and considered as a condition for Brazil's partnership in today's global markets.

Este articulo argumenta que el intercambio de negocios y/o comercial introduce adicionalmente cambios culturales a las partes involucradas en las transacciones. Despues de analizar el impacto del comercio en las diferentes sociedades, en particular el cambio que transforma sociedades con ideologia holistica y tradicional a individualistas, la sociedad Brasilena es evaluada como una cultura dual con una lucha constante entre las demandas de una sociedad jerarquicatradicional y un individualismo depredador. Se argumenta en este articulo que la cultura dual del Brasil ha sido un impedimento para el buen funcionamiento de las estrategias economicas (remedios) que funcionaron en paises expermientaron una cultura de industrializacion. Finalmente, este escrito considera el cambio cultural en Brasil como una condicion para la incorporacion del mismo a los mercados globales.

Esse artigo defende a idéia de que as trocas comerciais geram transformaç[otilde]es culturais. Após analisar o impacto do comércio na vida social, o que gera a mutação de ideologias holisticas em práticas individualistas, a sociedade brasileira é avaliada como uma cultura dual que sofre a ação tensa e constante das exigências de hieraquização social e de um individualismo predatório. A cultural dual brasiliera é entendida como um impecilho para a ação dos remédios econômicos que funcionaram em sociedades industralizadas. E, finalmente, considera-se a possibilidade de mutaç[otilde]es culturais como fatores para a integração do pais nos merados globais contemporâneos.     

The Business of Business is the Human Person: Lessons from the Catholic Social Tradition

I describe an ethic for business administration based on the social tradition of the Catholic Church. I find that much current thinking about business falters for its conceit of truth. Abstractions such as the shareholder-value model contain truth – namely, that business is an economic enterprise to manage for the wealth of its owners. But, as in all abstractions, this truth comes at the expense of falsehood – namely, that persons are assets to deploy on behalf of owners. This last is “wrong” in both senses of the word – it is factually wrong in that persons are far more than business assets, they are supernatural beings, children of God; and it is morally wrong in that it is an injustice to treat them as the former when they are the latter. I draw upon the social tradition of the Catholic Church to recognize that the business of business is not business, but is instead the human person. Following Church teachings, I describe a person-centered ethic of business based upon eight social principles that both correct and enlarge the shareholder-centered ethic of much current business thinking. I discuss implications of this person-centered ethic for business administration.     

Socio-Cultural Change and Business Ethics in Post-Soviet Countries: The Cases of Belarus and Estonia

The aim of this literature-based study is to explore the influence of socio-cultural factors on business ethics in post-soviet countries with dissimilar cultural contexts. Specifically, this article seeks to identify and compare contextual influences on informal norms of morality in business in transitional post-soviet societies. In order to pursue this investigation, the countries of Belarus and Estonia were identified as being among the most noteworthy examples of culturally different post-soviet countries in transition. The study reveals contradictory manifestations of mixtures of business norms in both Estonia and Belarus, which are conditioned by the merger of an autocratic bureaucratic soviet system with more participative and empowering forms of western management. The most persistent changes relate to moves from patriarchal and paternalistic types of relationship and low work motivation. The significance of these differences, which include nationality and religious legacies, will almost inevitably be overlooked should the countries be placed under the general umbrella of ‘former soviet states’ when considering business ethics in these contexts.     

Some Empirical Evidence of Chinese Accounting System and Business Management Practices from an Ethical Perspective

China is moving from a centralized to a market economy to bring about efficiency in its economy and to form a business partnership with the West. With its reform adopting an open-door policy, there may be a need to assure its partners in the western world that appropriate steps would be taken to develop and foster a business culture with which the western countries and the Chinese businesses can work. The present study attempted to find whether there has been a change in business ethical culture, accounting system and practice in the Chinese business between 1978 and the present, and the degree of similarity in the Chinese ethics and guidelines compared to Western ethics and guidelines. The result of the study has been analyzed from an institutional perspective to explore institutional change. The result showed that there is general growing support of Chinese management toward change in business ethical culture and practice. It was observed that there was not much similarity in the documents used for ethical guidance and control with those of the West. The findings of the paper are expected to be relevant to international investors and executives interested in investing or working in China.     

中国企业跨国并购商业文化整合模型研究

基于商业文化的视角,本文运用文化的层次理论,系统地分析了中西商业文化在文化的核心层、中间层和表层的差异,在此基础上提出了中国企业跨国并购商业文化整合的"学习适应"和"自我保持"模型,指出了在我国企业跨国并购商业文化整合过程中具体应该"学习适应"和"自我保持"的内容,旨在为中国企业跨国并购商业文化的整合提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

Applying Stories of the Environment to Business: What Business People Can Learn From the Virtues in Environmental Narratives

The use of narrative to communicate and convey particular points of view in society has increasingly become the focus of academic attention in recent years. In particular, MacIntyre. (1985, 1988, 1990, 1999) has paid attention to the role of narrative in the conflict between different traditions when developing his virtue approach to ethics. Whilst there has been continued debate about the application of virtue approaches, some arguing that it is incompatible with business, I disagree and have already argued for a form of virtue that will focus business on society’s needs rather than better business itself. Here I continue to develop the argument in two ways. First, I will explore the predominant business narrative and offer some comment on the ‘virtues’ that it promotes. However, rather than accepting this narrative, I want to challenge it with a narrative from the environmental tradition. I consider how adopting the virtues promoted by an environmental narrative it would shape business practices and challenge current business conventions. As a second step, I will focus on how we can change managers’ perceptions of business to reflect these environmentally based virtues.     

Ethics in Business: Answering the Call

What might happen if business leaders across the globe viewed their work as a sacred calling in a religious sense? Might not the world be a far better place? This paper is an effort to stimulate debate and discussion on this topic. Concepts addressed include: (a) ethics in business, (b) ethical standards in business settings, (c) the role of law, (d) levels of corporate responsibility, (e) the role of religion in business ethics, (f) the idea of business as a calling in a religious sense, (g) the elements of modern corporate culture, (h) creating an ethical corporate culture, (i) demonstrating corporate social responsibility, and (j) providing servant leadership. The introduction to the paper shows how these concepts interrelate; its conclusion offers a challenge to business leaders to answer their call to business in the truest sense.     

刍议移动互联网传统零售企业营销能力的提升

面对运用现代信息技术而形成的新型商业模式的竞争,传统零售业在经营观念、人才储备、基础设施、创新精神上,都处于不利的位置。传统零售企业可以借助无线互联网技术,借鉴电子商务企业的成功经验,开展营销业务与手段的创新;开展基于LBS服务创新;通过APP占领消费者手机桌面;利用顾客碎片化时间;开设智能商店;提供移动在线客服;加大客户数据挖掘,使无线营销活动更具有针对性。     

Cross-Cultural Business Research: Introduction to the special issue

As markets become increasingly global, an understanding of the world's cultures is imperative. This special issue consists of nine articles devoted to increasing our understanding of culture. It follows the 11th Cross-Cultural Research Conference, which was held in Puerto Rico in December 2005. An open invitation to conference participants and other interested researchers resulted in 56 submissions for the special issue. Articles chosen were subjected to several rounds of double-blind reviews and revisions. They cover a variety of topics including vacationing, managerial competency appraisal, horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, consumer services, cultural conditioning, electronic word-of-mouth, the global hip-hop culture, ethical attitudes, and impulse buying behavior.     

安徽省广告媒体业生态环境研究

近年来,随着安徽省广告媒体业的迅猛发展以及广告市场竞争的加剧,出现了一系列违规操作、盲目发展、广告市场管理混乱、人才溃乏、跳槽等扰乱广告媒体业生态环境的问题。依据对安徽省广告媒体业调研的数据,从意识、行为、绩效等多层面科学分析安徽省广告媒体市场的经营态势,探讨并提出科学合理的广告媒体经营策略。     

Integrating Business Ethics in Classroom Teaching: Some Preliminary Considerations

Some practical suggestions for the integration of business ethics in teaching disciplinary business topics are provided. Primarily, the tensions between ethical theory and disciplinary applications and those between abstract reasoning and practical actions provide the context for an exploration of pedagogical content and methods in teaching business ethics at the disciplinary level. Issues and considerations in the nature of business ethics, their justification and pedagogical tools are discussed along with a recommendation for normative business ethics.     

Market Orientation and Business Performance in the PRC

Abstract

This study examined the applicability of Narver and Slater's market (1992) orientation model across different economies (planned versus market economy). First, we assessed the scale properties of market orientation from different cities in Mainland China (Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou). Second, we then tested the relationship between market orientation and business performance. Tests for convergent, discriminant and predictive validity across the four Chinese economies with different market environments were supported by our findings. On the other hand, the impact of market orientation on business performance were found to be different across the four cities.     

商务环境建设与宏观经济发展

本文认为,改进商务环境对于我国未来的发展具有重要意义,从战略上讲,商务环境对市场规模与分工之间的互动关系起着非常重要的制衡作用;从现实来讲,在未来一两年我们可能会面临比较紧的经济环境,除了企业需要练内功、降低经营成本和改善经营环境以提高企业存活率外,政府还应该下大力气改善商务环境,降低企业经营的各种交易费用。文章提出,要真正落实《行政许可法》,真正实行报备制;改善税收环境,让内外贸企业享受同样的待遇,把生产型增值税改成消费型增值税;大力发展服务业,改善融资环境,积极发展地区性民营中小银行和民营担保业,由政府出面筹建中小企业发展局,加强和加快社会信用体系、诚信体系以及个人信用与企业信用评估机制建设。     

公路物流与中国商用车的发展

改革开放以来,随着我国经济的快速发展,公路物流高速增长,商用车也快速增长,两者的发展基本同步。文章认为,中国汽车工业的快速发展,需要强有力的物流支持,而我国汽车物流业发展较为滞后,汽车生产厂家物流成本居高不下,物流服务形态初级,物流标准化工作进展缓慢,有效价格体系尚未形成,这些都是需要改进的地方;中国商用车的发展将极大地促进公路物流的发展,并在全球化、电子商务化、顾客定制化、柔性化、精细化等方面对汽车物流提出更大的挑战。因此,发展公路物流是促进经济发展的重要途径,商用车发展是促进公路物流的关键,公路物流与商用车发展之间存在互动关系。     

跨国公司在华业务整合研究

近年来，较早进入中国的一批跨国公司开始对其在华业务进行全面整合。本文首先提出了跨国公司在华业务整合的现象和问题，随之介绍了跨国公司在华业务整合的主要方式，最后对跨国公司在华业务整合的内涵进行了分析。     

Undergraduate Business Education in the People's Republic of China

Abstract

Adaptation to the Market Economy

The People's Republic of China is transforming its economy to a market-driven focus. A key aspect of this is the conversion and elimination of state-owned enterprises. To do this requires a mass education program for enterprise managers. The approach to change examined in this study is based on curriculum internationalization models. This paper examines the needs perceived by potential employers for university graduates. Conclusions are based on in-depth interviews held in and around Shanghai as part of a City University of New York-Shanghai University cooperative program.     

电子商务发展路径与环境问题研究

本文认为,电子商务是一个既求同又存异由低级到高级不断演化的过程;电子商务企业提升竞争力的关键在于增强获得信息熵的能力,在于求同存异的创新;我国在解决电子商务发展中的环境问题时,既要从国情出发又要对接世界先进水平;既要以市场导向为主,又要加强宏观调控;既要抓住电子商务带来的发展机遇,又要避免电子商务泡沫,重视培育电子商务市场,加强与国际电子商务标准的对接,建立信息化连锁物流企业,制定并完善电子商务法律法规。     

我国本土商业零售业的缺陷及对策研究

科学考察我国本土商业零售业的缺陷是提升其竞争力的前提与基础。我国本土商业零售业主要存在经营理念滞后、经营成本过高、规模不太合理、业态结构单一等缺陷,因而创新经营理念、完善经营机制、拓展经营格局、创新经营模式是提升本土商业零售业竞争力的根本举措。