Competitive strategy in the market-focused business

Market orientation is a business culture which enlists the participation of all employees for the purpose of creating superior value for its customers and superior performance for itself. A substantial body of research finds a positive relationship between a business's magnitude of market orientation and its performance. However, there has been no research into the competitive strategies through which a market-oriented business creates customer value. This paper extends previous work by showing that market-oriented businesses aggressively develop new products and services, focus on opportunities in market segments rather than in the mass market, and attempt to achieve competitive advantage both by increasing customer benefits and by reducing costs.     

我国工程承包企业的跨国经营战略研究

国际工程承包作为我国国际经济合作的重要方式，在20多年的发展中具备了国际竞争的优势，为更好地把握这一优势，对其进行战略分析十分必要。本文通过对我国国际工程承包企业的现状及内外部环境分析，运用SWOT矩阵进行战略选择，希望以此对我国工程承包企业有所启发。     

Market orientation in the context of SMEs: A conceptual framework

A number of studies in the marketing literature have examined the construct of market orientation (MO). These studies generally show a positive link between MO and organizational performance. This paper examines MO specifically in the context of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). An in-depth review of the extant literature is used to develop a conceptual framework by exploring the major antecedents of MO, the MO–Performance relationship, and the key mediators and environmental moderators of this relationship. This paper also examines several studies on SMEs with respect to various aspects of this framework and offers suggestions for future research in order to understand more thoroughly how MO influences SME performance.     

消费者心理研究在市场营销中的应用

我国已进入以消费者为中心的买方经济时代。这要求企业在营销过程中,要不断注意消费者潜在的心理因素的变化趋势,认真研究消费者心理的特点与规律,准确把握消费者心理,建立有效的市场营销策略,以便适应、引导、改善和优化消费行为,扩大企业经营规模,增加企业市场份额。     

Reconsidering the International Business Capstone: Capping,Bridging, or Both?

The capstone experience has become ubiquitous in undergraduate education. Originally, it served as a terminal display of academic excellence and bridging experience between study and work; more recently, however, it has been seen in terms of academic completion and consolidation. In times of increased turbulence for new business graduates, and in an international business (IB) landscape where appreciation of sociocultural and communication skills are critical, capstone experiences can provide a valuable means of demonstrating relevant and transferable professional competencies. This article considers the origins and context of the capstone, its evolutionary history, and current potential. It uses an analysis of undergraduate dissertations of non-American students studying at an American college in the Czech Republic to explore capping, bridging, and balanced strategies.     

中国化工领域仍是投资和发展的重点

评述了在西方经济仍处于衰退的情况下,中国化工市场率先复苏的进展,并介绍了跨国公司以中国化工为投资重点的发展策略,中国石化产业将迎来升级调整良机。     

4C在产品策略中的运用

在市场成熟化、消费理性化的时代 ,要使产品好卖、定单应接不暇 ,就必须在产品策略中导入4C ,由 4C对产品进行导向 ,也就是将 4C贯穿于产品从创意到开发直至到最后使用的整个过程和各个环节中。     

How to Make Higher Education Institutions Innovative: An Application of Market Orientation Practices

In the present era, higher education is considered a booming and significantly contributing sector to the economy of many countries. Due to the intense competition prevailing in the higher education sector, higher education institutions need to become market oriented and innovate in courses, delivery methods and student support services. Consequently, they could meet increasing expectations placed on them for quality of education and support services. The main aim of this study is to investigate the influence of both market orientation and its dimensions, on innovation in higher education institutions. This study also considered the age of the faculty a moderator to these influences. The sample comprised 270 managers and course cordinators attached to faculties, schools or units in Sri Lankan higher education institutions. The surveys were administered for data collection. The study has several contributions to the literature- all the three dimensions of market orientation, significantly and positively influenced innovation in higher education institutions. The age of the faculty significantly moderated the influence of both market orientation and its dimensions (Intelligence Generation and Responsiveness), on innovation. This study also expand the focus of theory of six sigma by applying it from market orientation and customer orientation perspectives. Finally, this study has modified items measuring several constructs to suit the higher education context which can be used by future researchers. From the findings, several practical implications are given to officials in higher education institutions for innovating in courses, delivery methods and support services. The article concludes with many useful directions for future researchers.     

Constituent Market Orientation

This paper expands the scope of a market orientation from downstream markets to most of the major constituents of the firm. In so doing this paper addresses four questions: 1) Can constituent market orientation be measured based on modifications of the theory, concepts and measurement scales developed by Kohli and Jaworski (1990, 1993)? 2) What are the antecedents for a constituent market orientation? Are they similar across constituents? 3) What are the consequences of constituent market orientations? Which are unique for a constituent? Which stem from the sum of orientations towards all constituents? 4) What are the historic and situational moderators of orientations and consequences?     

A Conceptual Model of Political Market Orientation

SUMMARY

This article proposes eight constructs of a conceptual model of political market orientation, taking inspiration from the business and political marketing literature. Four of the constructs are ‘behavioural’ in that they aim to describe the process of how information flows through the organisation. The remaining four constructs are attitudinal, designed to capture the awareness of members to the activities and importance of stakeholder groups in society, both internal and external to the organisation. The model not only allows the level of a party's political market orientation to be assessed, but also aids the party in making a context-specific decision with regard to the reallocation–or not–of party resources in order to attain the party's long-term objectives.