通货膨胀如何影响股票回报——基于债务融资的视角

大部分研究发现实际通货膨胀率与股票回报呈现出负相关关系,但对于两者为何呈现这样的关系并未提供相关的实证证据。我们认为其主要原因在于缺乏通货膨胀到股票回报之间中间渠道的认识与分析。因此,本文依据我国通货膨胀指标,基于通货膨胀影响企业债务融资行为的研究视角,实证检验发现,当通货膨胀率上升时,企业会增加债务融资,而债务融资比例的上升进一步提升了企业风险,并且通货膨胀与股票回报的负相关关系主要通过债务融资渠道进行传导;上述现象在国有企业以及融资约束较弱的企业表现得更为明显。本文的研究为通货膨胀与股票回报之间的负相关关系提供了微观层面的解释视角。     

社会资本对中小企业债务融资可得性和融资结构影响研究——基于创业板上市公司的实证分析

本文以深圳证券交易所创业板上市的171家公司为样本,选取企业横向社会资本、纵向社会资本和企业特有社会资本等三个维度7个指标,构建企业社会资本度量指标体系,采用固定时间效应模型的均衡面板数据分析方法,研究社会资本对企业债务融资可得性和融资结构的影响。研究结果显示,政企关系对企业债务融资可得性有不显著正向影响,但企业高管曾在银行任职、银企借贷关系时间和银企多元化关系对企业债务融资具有显著正向促进作用,国有控股和机构投资者控股则对其具有显著负向影响,无形资产对企业债务融资具有正向影响。企业社会资本都有助于企业获得长期债务融资。除此之外,企业营业利润率、企业实际税率、企业规模、资产担保价值和企业成长性都对企业债务融资可得性和融资结构具有一定的影响。     

无形资产对公司资本结构的影响研究

针对无形资产是否可以起到有效的债务支持替代作用进而影响企业资本结构这一当前少有文献实证探讨的问题,结合我国实际融资环境实证分析无形资产对企业负债水平及资本结构的影响程度和机制.研究发现,企业无形资产投入与负债支持能力及资产负债率显著正相关,实际上发挥出了对有形资产债务支持的替代作用.     

金融生态环境、银行关联与债务融资——基于我国民营企业的实证研究

本文以我国2004-2008年583个A股民营上市公司样本为研究对象,实证研究了银行关联与债务融资的关系。我们的研究发现:银行关联有助于民营企业获得更多的长期借款增量,同时降低了企业的短期借款增量,从而导致长期借款占总借款的比重更高。在金融生态环境好的地区中,银行关联与企业债务融资并不存在显著的关系;但在金融生态环境差的地区中,银行关联有助于民营企业获得更多的长期借款增量,并显著影响企业的债务期限结构。进一步将银行关联区分为高层银行关联与低层银行关联,发现不同层级的银行关联与债务融资的关系也存在不同。     

通货膨胀对资本结构的影响：理论模型与实证检验

利率管制下具有股权融资偏好的企业融资模型表明,通货膨胀会增大公司的债务融资比重,并且利率管制带来的利率刚性和公司税率都会放大通货膨胀的这种作用。同时,以中国30家上市公司25个季度的财务面板数据为基础进行的实证研究发现,通货膨胀对中国上市公司的债务—权益比率具有非常显著的正向作用,货币对于公司的资本结构是非中性的。另外固定资产比率非常显著的正向作用于债务—权益比率。     

政策不确定性与企业债务融资的实证研究——来自地级市层面的证据

采用2008-2015年各地级市主政官员(市长或者市委书记)更替事件作为政策不确定性的代理变量,实证检验地方主政官员更替产生的政策不确定性对企业债务融资产生的影响,并进一步考察银行关联和政治关联的作用。研究发现：存在政策不确定性时,企业会显著降低债务融资水平,且这种影响对短期债务融资水平的影响更为显著。进一步考察结果发现：建立政治关联或者银行关联的企业政策不确定性对企业债务融资水平的影响更低。     

证监会处罚、分析师跟踪与公司银行债务融资——来自信息披露违规的经验证据

证监会处罚公告释放的"坏消息"具有风险预警的作用,可能导致违规公司银行债务融资下降。分析师跟踪可能具有信息效应和声誉效应,影响证监会处罚公告与公司银行债务融资之间的关系。在中国资本市场强化监管的背景下,本文考察了证监会处罚对于违规公司非公开市场融资的经济后果。我们的研究发现,证监会处罚公告后,违规公司的银行贷款签约概率、银行贷款签约率和新增银行贷款规模均下降;并且,处罚等级越高,下降越显著。银行预期违规公司的信息成本与违约风险上升,而非公司真实的财务状况恶化是公司银行债务融资下降的主要原因。此外,分析师跟踪的信息效应而非声誉效应,缓解了证监会处罚公告与公司银行债务融资之间的负向关系。本文拓展了资本市场处罚和分析师跟踪对于公司非公开市场融资的经济后果研究,也为新兴市场国家的资本市场监管提供了经验证据。     

企业债务融资、环保投资与区域经济增长

当前经济发展需要优化投资结构,加快补齐生态环保等领域短板,坚持实施金融安全战略,保持融资杠杆以稳为主,加快构建高质量发展的区域经济布局。通过系统分析企业债务融资、企业环保投资与区域经济增长之间的关系发现：债务融资对企业环保投资具有抑制作用,其中,非国有企业比国有企业的抑制作用更为显著,非重污染企业比重污染企业抑制作用更为显著,非制造企业比制造企业的抑制作用更为显著;企业环保投资短期内对区域经济增长起抑制作用,其中,非重污染企业比重污染企业环保投资对区域经济增长的抑制作用更为显著,中部地区企业环保投资对区域经济增长的抑制作用更为显著;债务融资与区域经济增长之间呈“倒U形”关系。研究结果有助于企业防范金融风险,推动可持续和稳健的区域经济增长。     

产业政策与企业资本结构调整速度

本文以2006-2015年我国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,在“十一五”与“十二五”产业规划所处的时间区间内,考察了产业政策对企业资本结构调整速度的影响以及作用路径。结果显示,产业政策与企业资本结构调整速度显著正相关,且分别在非国有、小规模和融资约束较严重的企业中更加显著。区分调整方向后发现,产业政策能提高资本结构向上调整的速度,但只有重点产业政策能提高固定资产比例较低的企业向下调整的速度。基于作用路径的分析发现,产业政策提高了企业选择增加债务的方式来调整资本结构的概率;重点产业政策提高了特定类型企业以增加权益方式向下调整资本结构的概率。上述结果表明,产业政策主要通过债务融资方式影响资本结构调整速度,而只有受到重点产业政策支持的特定类型的企业能够通过权益融资方式提高资本结构调整速度。     

工资税盾、替代效应与资本结构

基于中国计税工资限额扣除标准提高的外生性事件,本文从工资薪金提供的“非债务税盾”角度,探索性地研究工资税盾与资本结构的关系。结果表明,计税工资限额扣除标准提高后,与未接近“税收耗损状态”公司相比,接近“税收耗损状态”公司更为显著地降低了债务水平,该发现符合“非债务税盾”与资本结构之间存在“替代效应”的理论预期,也验证了“税收耗损状态”假说。进一步研究表明:未接近和接近“税收耗损状态”两类公司的差异主要反映在长期债务上,而在短期债务上并不明显;与国有企业相比,两类公司的差异在非国有企业中更为明显;另外,与税收征管力度较弱地区相比,征管力度较强地区两类公司间的差异更为明显。本文的研究成果不仅提供了“非债务税盾”形式的新证据,还发现产权性质和税收征管环境等也是影响非债务税盾与资本结构之间关系的重要因素。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Multiple Dimensions of Accounting in the Development of GAAP

The phrase 'accepted accounting principles' underlying financial statements is a forerunner of today's accounting standards. Here, it is argued that history shows that the term 'principles' is often most vague in debates on the development of those standards. The reasons for and consequences of that vague use are varied and complex. This article provides insights not highlighted in earlier analyses of the periods reviewed. While debates like the rule- versus principle-based standards are set up as two-dimensional, the many dimensions of accounting often allow argument to be easily diverted. The debate/argument thus remains unresolved. For progress to be achieved in the establishment of accounting standards the many dimensions of accounting must be acknowledged and attempts to divert debate minimized. Those with a stake in the development of accounting standards need to consider the total scene of the related accounting. In a particular debate, dimensions under scrutiny must be stated, with any others in that total scene being acknowledged even if kept constant.     

Life Insurance Policies with Statistical Heterogeneous Population

In the paper we consider an endowment insurance contract with a twelve months maturation time. Using the majorization order and Schur-convex functions we derive upper and lower bounds of the premium, the death and survival benefits for a hetrogeneous population of insureds. The bounds are obtained for the exponential, Balducci, and linear approximations.     

＂Differences＂are the Biggest Obstacle

China has the greatest numbers of both teachers and students worldwide ,who teach and learn English. Therefore ,to analyze the obstacles of learning English for Chinese is necessary. This article gives the idea of differences between Chinese and English mainly in languages and cultures fields. Through these we can see clearly that ＂differences＂ are the biggest obstacle in language learning.     

Aims and Scope

正The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to investigate issues about accounting,finance,auditing and corporate governance in China.the Greater China region and other emerging markets.The Journal also publishes insightful commentaries about     

英美“新批评”文论的重新审视

新批评是一个在二十世纪影响重大的文学批评流派,它与形式主义、结构主义文论,一起支撑起文本批评的理论与实践基石。但历来人们对其评价都多少有些偏颇,本文力图更客观地审视其理论。本文也初步得出新批评与形式主义在理论根基上的相异之点。