经济下行背景下金融支持中小企业国外经验借鉴及启示

近年来,东营市中小企业快速发展,总量规模、整体素质和竞争能力不断提升,但是融资难、融资贵问题依然桎梏中小企业发展。本文通过分析金融支持中小企业发展现状和存在的问题,并借鉴国外经验和做法基础上,提出了新常态下我国金融支持中小企业发展的思路与对策。     

我国中小企业融资问题探讨

对于全球范围内的中小企业来说,融资难且融资贵几乎成为普遍存在的现象。在我国,此问题还兼具典型的中国特色。所以我国应该要以金融市场的发展思路为指导,结合金改的具体路径以及经济发展的典型特征为基础,制定短中长分阶段的发展战略模式,多角度多元化的对中小企业融资环境做出综合改革和治理。     

中小企业融资的信息不对称问题研究

中小企业为政府创造了高达60%的GDP、为财政创收40%的收入、解决了我国75%的就业问题,为我国经济的发展做出了非常大的贡献。然而,中小企业"融资难"、"融资贵"问题仍然是企业发展面临的主要问题,并且到目前为止仍未建立起与之相适应的融资体系与机制。本文进行深入探讨中小企业融资难、融资贵的问题,主要是从信息不对称视角出发,从三个方面来说明信息不对称的原因。然后在我国中小企业融资难、融资贵的现实背景的基础上,提出了与之发展相适应的解决办法和政策建议。     

欠发达地区动产融资创新发展的实践与思考——以普洱市为例

本课题在国家大力推进供给侧结构性改革的大背景下,从解决中小企业融资难这一"降成本"举措切入,认为我国中小企业融资难很大程度上是因为银行所推行的授信方式与中小企业所具备的条件不匹配,如果能够通过改善银行授信方式,创新发展动产融资,中小企业融资难、融资贵的问题就能够逐步得到缓解。然后以普洱市为例,阐述了辖内金融机构开展动产融资业务的基本情况及其创新实践,深入分析了辖内金融机构开展动产融资业务存在的障碍,并有针对性地提出了解决问题的政策建议,以充分发挥供给侧结构性改革中的金融角色。     

当前中小企业“融资难、融资贵”问题辨析

近年来,尽管我国各级政府、金融监管部门、商业银行、非银行金融机构等在中小企业融资问题上都做出了巨大努力,但"融资难、融资贵"始终难以得到有效缓解。除中小企业违约概率较高、银行与中小企业之间存在信息不对称等客观因素外,"融资难"与"融资贵"两个问题未能清晰界定也是重要原因。本文针对上述三方面进行了分析,并提出相应政策建议。     

中小企业负债经营问题的再探讨

中小企业抵御风险的能力一般较弱,资金短缺,是几乎所有中小企业企业都会遇到的瓶颈问题,融资问题一直困扰着中小企业,并严重制约着中小企业的发展。现在中小企业遇到的问题不仅是融资难,还有一个就是融资贵。本文通过分析目前我国中小企业融资的现状,就我国中小企业融资难的各种原因,试对缓解我国中小企业融资难的问题提出一些对策和建议。     

中小企业融资战略研究

随着市场竞争的不断激烈,中小企业的生存与发展环境越来越复杂。中小企业融资难的问题已成为制约其进一步发展的瓶颈。特别是经济危机的爆发使得原本就很难的融资问题难上加难。目前藏国银行金融机构针对中小企业的融资存在着观念陈旧、融资品种单一、机构不健全、金融营销动力差、过度夸大风险等问题再加上中小企业存在企业信用过低等先天不足,使得中小企业相对于大型企业在信贷融资上更加困难。我国经济增长离不开中小企业的生甓本文从对我国中小企业融资主要方式、中小企业特点及融资难的原因进行了分析进而提出企业生命周期不同阶段应选择的融资战略。     

金融科技如何提高服务实体经济的能力

中小企业对我国国民经济的持续健康发展起着举足轻重的作用,但是融资难、融资贵是中小企业发展的巨大障碍。尽管我国宏观调控政策一直在着手解决这一难题,但是现行货币政策传导机制、银企之间的信息不对称及我国银行业的垄断性结构等因素,共同造成了中小企业融资的困境。随着我国经济模式发生较大变化,金融科技应运而生,通过重构企业信息网络、发展普惠金融、完善货币政策体系,金融科技有望创新性解决实体经济的融资问题。     

国务院疏通金融“双渠道”

正11月19日召开的国务院常务会议决定,进一步采取有力措施缓解企业融资问题。该会议以金融改革为突破口,提出包括存贷比弹性、民营银行、股票发行注册制、利率市场化等10项金融举措,疏通中小企业直接融资和间接融资的"双渠道",将有效化解企业融资难、融资贵问题。     

银行供应链金融创新思考

供应链金融被视为解决我国中小企业“融资难、融资贵”问题的利器。其根本优势在于:借款企业即使自身资质难以达到传统授信准入条件,仍然可以依托核心企业的强大信用,从金融机构得到融资。然而,银行供应链金融的发展总体并未达到预期效果。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original