The Microsoft Antitrust Case

This paper analyzes the law and economics of United States v. Microsoft, a landmark case of antitrust intervention in network industries. The United States Department of Justice and 19 States sued Microsoft alleging (i) that it monopolized the market for operating systems of personal computers and took anti-competitive actions to illegally maintain its monopoly; (ii) that it attempted to monopolize the market for Internet browsers because such browsers would create competition for operating systems; (iii) that it bundled its browser (Internet Explorer) with Windows; and that it engaged in a number of other anti-competitive exclusionary arrangements with computer manufacturers, Internet service providers, and content providers attempting to thwart the distribution of Netscapes browser. The District Court Judge found in most points for the plaintiffs and ordered the breakup of Microsoft into two companies, one with all the operating systems software, and one with all other products of the company. The District Court also imposed a number of severe restrictions on the business conduct of Microsoft. We analyze the economic issues related to liability. We also analyze the applicability and effectiveness of the remedies imposed by the District Court and contrast them with other potential remedies.     

我国股票市场信息不对称现象成因与风险控制对策分析

由于信息在上市公司和投资者之间存在传递障碍,世界各国的股票市场普遍存在信息不对称现象。我国股票市场正处于经济转轨的特殊时期,信息披露制度的缺陷,信息不对称现象尤其严重,集中体现在发行者与投资者、机构投资者与个人投资者之间,致使投资者的利益蒙受损失。分析信息不对称现象在我国股票市场存在的原因,以及风险控制的对策,以确保股票市场健康有序的发展。     

证券市场多层次分化的经济学分析

证券市场作为一种资源配置的手段,主要通过价格的导向作用来引导资源的流动,实现资源的优化配置。结合美国证券市场发展的历史分析,认为竞争机制和信息的不对称是推动证券市场多层次分化的主要因素,其中竞争机制是推动证券市场多层次分化持续的动因。     

The influence of oil price uncertainty on stock liquidity

Using high-frequency intraday data, this study provides strong empirical evidence that elevated oil price uncertainty has a significant and negative influence on stock liquidity. More specifically, the results suggest that large oil-related corporations are most affected, followed by small-listed firms more generally. Further analysis reveals that liquidity providers widen the bid-ask spreads to protect themselves during periods of high oil price uncertainty for large-listed firms, particularly those in the oil industry. These findings are robust to various measures of oil price uncertainty, different market conditions, structural break analysis and show the influence of oil price movements extends to stock liquidity.     

航空运输销售代理“柠檬市场”成因及治理

本文对于航空运输销售代理业发展过程中所存在的"柠檬市场"现象,进行了较为全面的描述。并从经济学角度,对这一现象的成因进行了分析。最后利用"信号发送理论"提出了治理这一现象的建议。     

中国电子信息产业的市场结构与贸易政策

产业的市场结构是产业贸易政策选择的重要参考因素之一。从产业组织理论和贸易类型两个角度,分析中国电子信息产业的市场结构。认为,中国电子信息产业属于垄断竞争市场结构。相应的,中国电子信息产业贸易政策的制定应考虑到国外同一产业的市场结构和本国的产业绩效,针对价值增值不同的产业环节,结合产业政策,促进产业市场集中度的提高,实行保护程度不同的贸易政策。     

美国诉中国集成电路歧视性退税政策案评析

<正> 一、纠纷的概况与背景2004年3月18日,美国贸易代表佐立克对外声明,美国政府已就中国对集成电路歧视性的增值税退税政策向 WTO 争端解决机构(简称 DSB)提起申诉。这是中国入世以来第一起由其他 WTO 成员向 DSB 申诉中国的案件。同日,美国贸易副代表、常驻 WTO 使团 LinnetF.Deily 大使致函中国常驻 WTO 使团孙振宇大使,请求就该项争端正式与中国政府进行磋商。3月19日,中国商务部新闻发言人崇泉就此事发表谈话时指出,中美双     

针对市场需求培养高素质物流人才

随着我国物流产业的快速发展,目前物流人才需求的巨大缺口,以及供需人才不匹配的现状,本文分析了我国物流人才需求现状和物流专业培养模式,提出了我国物流专业人才的需求层次,在此基础上,对未来物流专业人才能力的需求趋势和培养进行分析。     

美国乘客在美国法院告中国航空公司等价格串通违反美国反垄断法案评析

2011年5月9日,美国加利福尼亚州北区联邦地区法院就美国乘客告包括中国航空公司在内的26家航空公司和协会,在跨太平洋航空旅客旅行中存在固定价格的国际共谋行为,从而违反美国反托拉斯法作出判决,认为原告指控不成立。该案作为美国有史以来最大的反垄断调查案件之一,在美国国内外都引起了高度关注。本文结合该案的基本案情、法院推理和判决,对该案涉及的反垄断法中的价格固定、"国家行为原则"豁免理由等相关问题进行了简要评述。     

医患纠纷成因及其对策剖析

市场经济条件下,医惠间传统的共同利益目标被打破,医惠纠纷频发。基于当前医患纠纷高发态势,本文深入剖析了医惠纠纷的成因：诱因是患方理想期待与现实诊疗效果的冲突,表层原因是医患双方的不信任,核心原因是信息不对称。进而从制度层面提出减少医患纠纷的对策建议,即建立医生激励机制、医方声誉机制、医疗风险防范化解机制、完善医疗信息公开制度和加强对医疗市场的监管。     

Keynote Speech: Macro-Financial Policy Challenges in the Face of a Complex Environment: The Case of Mexico

Emerging economies face a complex environment as of April 2015, mostly as a result of a slowdown in global growth, an increased risk of capital flow reversals, and a reduction in the price of oil. Due to the effects of this reduction on external and fiscal balance, the environment is particularly adverse for oil-exporting countries. This article reviews the different channels through which the environment entails financial risk for emerging economies, focusing on Mexico, an emerging and oil-exporting country. Our analysis reveals that this country faces several macro-financial policy challenges stemming from the aforementioned financial risks.     

我国AH股上市银行投资者关系管理问题

2011年我国银行业获得较高的利润率水平,但在H股市场上我国银行股却因受国际金融危机影响表现不佳,如何提高银行与投资者间的信息对称水平,使股价表现银行真实的经营状况,是我国两地上市银行管理者关心的重要问题。本文从投资者关系管理入手,分析各类投资者对银行公开信息的需求差异,并以此为依据确定银行信息公布和投资者关系管理模式。理论上通过分析中外投资者信息需求的特点,拓展了投资者关系管理的研究领域;实践上为我国两地上市银行提高投资者关系管理水平,改善我国银行在H股市场上的表现,提出了具体的解决方案。     

The Role of Information Sharing in Modulating the Effect of Financial Access on Inequality

ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of information sharing in modulating the effect of financial access on income inequality in 48 African countries for the period 2004–2014. Information sharing is proxied with private credit bureaus and public credit registries. All dynamics of financial development are taken into account, namely: depth (money supply and liquid liabilities), efficiency (at banking and financial system levels), activity (from banking and financial system perspective) and size. The empirical exercise is based on interactive Generalised Method of Moments. It can be established from the findings that: first, a threshold of 18.072 percentage coverage of public credit registries is needed to counteract the unconditional positive effect of banking system efficiency. Secondly, on the role of private credit bureaus in financial depth, both the unconditional and the conditional effects are negative, implying a negative synergy. Overall, the findings show that, contingent on the type of financial development dynamic, credit registries broadly play their theoretical role of decreasing financing constraints in order to ultimately reduce inequality.     

The Influence of Consumer Degree of Knowledge on Consumer Behavior: The Case of Spanish Olive Oil

This article analyses the influence of perceived quality measured across intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on satisfaction and consumer loyalty for a traditional food product as with PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) olive oil “Aceite del Bajo Aragón.” In addition, the article highlights the influence of consumer's degree of knowledge on these relationships. The results suggest that the main drivers to explain consumers' satisfaction and loyalty are the perceived quality of the intrinsic attributes (color, appearance, flavor, etc.). However, when consumers are classified attending to their degree of knowledge the main explanatory variable of satisfaction and loyalty of the more experienced consumers are the extrinsic attributes of the product (brand name, place of origin, images associated to the product, etc.). These findings allow us to develop important managerial implications for building a brand image for a PDO.     

The impact of reporting frequency on the information quality of share price: evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises

As a major global exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) only requires semi-annual reporting whereas other major exchanges including the ones in Chinese mainland require quarterly reporting. We argue against the traditional view that higher reporting frequency is necessarily more beneficial. The decision on reporting frequency depends on how the information is being processed by the recipient traders and the results are not obvious. Using a sample of Chinese companies duallisted in both China A share market and SEHK (AH shares) as the experimental group and mainland’s companies listed on SEHK (H shares) only as the control group, we apply the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the impacts of reporting frequency on stock information quality. The results suggest that after China A share market require quarterly financial reporting for all listed companies in 2002, the information asymmetry of the H tranche of AH stocks increases. Different from prior studies, the results suggest a negative association between stock information quality and financial reporting frequency. We argue that the increased information asymmetry in the H tranche is caused by the noise spilled over from the A tranche. We conduct multivariable GARCH tests and find evidence supporting this conjecture.     

The Chinese Stock Markets on Trial: The Fat Finger Accident of Everbright Securities

Everbright Securities Ltd. erroneously submitted huge quantities of buy orders on SSE180 constituent stocks from 11:05 through 11:07 on 16 August 2013. This fat finger accident had a pronounced impact on the Chinese stock markets. This paper uses the accident to study market quality and investors’ responses. We show that the Chinese stock markets were robust enough to stand the trial, exhibiting deep depths and strong resiliency. However, the markets performed poorly in terms of aggregating information because there were large price swings after the erroneous orders were executed. Moreover, investors quickly change their beliefs as to the reasons to the dramatic price jumps, consistent with information cascade theory.     

信息不对称与地方中小金融机构发展的内在关联性研究

二元经济结构下,信息不对称程度的严重使得地方中小企业、农民等中小资金需求者向金融机构融资困难;与大型金融机构相比,地方中小金融机构从理论和现实两方面,都具有弱化这种信息不对称的内在比较优势;大力发展地方中小金融机构,利用和发挥好其信息优势是解决当前地方中小企业和农民融资难,并促进二元经济结构转换的现实路径。     

服务贸易对美国经常账户赤字的影响——基于豪斯克-麦奇收入不对称效应的验证

本文尝试构建一个基于H-M效应的模型,分析H-M效应对美国经常账户赤字变化的影响机制。并就该模型对美国经常账户赤字变化的解释能力进行验证,结果表明H-M效应对美国经常账户赤字的变化趋势具有较好的解释力。在此基础上,本文应用1986-2005年的数据分别估算了美国商品和服务品进出口收入弹性系数。估算结果显示,与商品进出口收入弹性系数相反,美国服务出口的收入弹性系数大于进口的收入弹性系数。为了探讨服务贸易对美国经常账户赤字的影响,应用基于H-M效应的模型分析美国服务贸易的发展对其经常账户赤字变化的影响。