英国清算支付体系发展历程及未来发展

支付清算系统是经济金融活动的基础性支撑。支付、清算体系建设是金融理论与实践的重点课题。文章主要分析了英国支付结算体系的运行机制并描述其支付结算系统建设发展及监管体系的进程。最后结合金融全球化与经济一体化的背景,预测英国未来支付体系趋势。     

我国银行支付结算体系的发展与完善

进入21世纪,银行支付结算体系越来越得到了中国人民银行和各商业银行的高度重视,银行支付结算体系的现代化已成为我国金融体制改革的重要组成部分。在考察了我国支付结算的历史沿革,分析了我国支付结算的现状的基础上,提出了完善我国银行支付结算体系的对策,主要是:改善银行结算环境、完善结算体系功能和加强外汇支付结算的建设等。     

谈支付结算体系及银行支付结算风险防范

随着经济社会的发展,需要建立科学、合理的银行支付体系,增强支付结算风险意识,从而使支付结算环境得到良好的保障.本文主要对支付结算体系及银行支付结算风险防范进行研究和分析,提出进一步完善支付结算体系、加强银行支付结算风险防范的建议.     

谈支付结算体系及银行支付结算风险控制

社会金融、经济的改革及发展需要科学、高效的银行支付结算体系作为根本性的保障,所以应对我国社会发展的需求,建立起合理、统一的银行支付结算体系,进而保障我国具备良好的支付结算环境,以防范支付结算风险的发生是非常重要的.文章对当前存在的支付结算体系组成及作用进行了说明,提出了银行支付结算当中的风险类型、诱导因素和防范途径.     

多层次农村支付结算体系的构建——基于需求与供给角度

农村支付结算体系是支持农村金融发展的核心基础设施。而农村地区经济发展状况决定了农村地区金融发展水平,这也决定了农村支付结算多层次的需求状况。本文在深入分析农村金融支付结算服务需求和供给状况的基础上,为改善农村支付结算环境,提出了构建多层次的农村支付结算体系的政策性建议。     

美英支付结算领域消费者权益保护的法理基础研究

当前支付结算领域的消费者权益保护问题随着消费者自我意识的觉醒日益成为经济金融领域的热点。由于消费者权益保护法理基础的不足,支付结算领域的投诉与纠纷往往难以得到妥善解决。本文拟对美英等成熟经济体的支付结算消费者权益保护立法进行系统梳理并予以比较,以此对我国支付结算消费者权益保护立法提出建议。     

人民银行支付结算管理之我见

人民银行作为支付体系的组织者、管理者、监督者,应充分发挥好法律赋予的支付结算管理职能。加强支付结算调查的研究,大力推广票据使用上运用新的支付工具,不断改进支付结算手段,维护支付体系安全稳定,服务社会主义市场经济。同时,要逐步建立支付结算监督管理责任追求制度,强化支付结算的监管力度,维护结算当事人的合法权益,防范支付风险和案件发生。     

对国内电子支付现状的分析

互联网时代,电子商务应用系统的不断完善,对于建设以网上支付为代表的电子化支付结算体系的需求越来越迫切。随着信息网络技术的不断进步,出现了很多新型的电子支付与结算方式,本文是对我国当前的电子支付现状做简要分析。分析我国电子商务支付结算现状,可以从中找到我国电子商务支付结算发展的思路。     

企业集团内股份支付会计概念及内在逻辑详解

实际在授予时点支付的权益结算的股份支付，相应的成本费用在等待期内不再变化；而在行权时点支付的现金结算的股份支付，相应的成本费用需要在等待期内根据权益工具的公允价值变化而调整。企业集团内股份支付的结算企业以权益方式结算时可以根据对价会计处理的主体来判断分类，其对股份支付做出贷方处理；接受服务企业应为实际接受服务的企业，其对股份支付做出借方处理。以企业集团内其他企业权益工具结算，视同行权日采购该项权益工具后支付，故对结算企业来说为现金结算的股份支付；接受服务企业如果和结算企业分离，则全部作为权益结算的股份支付应该出于简化处理的考虑。     

电子商务环境下的支付与结算体系研究

物流配送及安全支付是电子商务最为热门的话题,其中安全支付更成为电子商务开展瓶颈。通过对电子商务支付现状和典型案例的分析研究,认为通过架构完整的现代商务的支付与结算体系是电子商务解决支付与结算的唯一正确途径。     

Evolution of the Payment Systems of London Clearing Banks

The London Clearing Banks (LCBs) have successfully used payment systems to establish a customer franchise, through which they have gained cheap retail deposits and provided lending and other services. Yet they have failed to price the service rationally. Market growth has dramatically increased the volume of payments, exacerbating the cost problem. To counter this, the LCBs have introduced additional payment mechanisms such as credit cards and Bankers' Automated Clearing Service (BACS); are introducing electronic fund transfer at point of sale (EFTPOS); and are further automating the existing cash and cheque-based system. The development of the clearing house, BA CS and EFTPOS demonstrates how payment systems impose co-operative policies to facilitate the transfer of funds and reduce costs, but such enforced co-operation ten& to lead to perfect competition, with uniform pricing policies. Competitors are in a strong position to operate more efficient and less expensive payments media for their customers. The dilemma facing the LCBs is therefore how to match this challenge and maintain their market position through further investment in payments technology, while maintaining their existing less efficient and more expensive payments media.     

Smart Card-Based Electronic Card Payment Systems in the Transportation Industry

Many products and services will soon be (or are already being) sold over the Internet or other networks. Paying for these with standard methods of payments, such as cash, checks, credit card, or debit card, may be ineffective or inefficient. For such cases, electronic card payment systems are more appropriate. Several things need to be considered when investigating electronic card payment system options, including: customer needs and benefits, developmental and operational cost, corporate benefits, continually changing technologies, critical mass of customers, security, standards of payment systems, and customer perception and comfort with new technologies. In this article, we analyze how smart card-based systems are used in mass transportation. Managers in mass transportation face the following questions: Do you develop your own electronic card payment system, do you wait for multifunctional cards that will be accepted across many industries to provide the functionality required in your market, or do you do nothing. The discussion here concentrates mainly on the transportation industry, where the transactions and payments are made on local area networks.     

The Impact of Electronic Payments for Vulnerable Consumers: Evidence from Social Security

Vulnerable consumers may face barriers to using electronic payments, especially consumers in “unbanked” households where no member has an account to receive payments. In March 2013, the US Social Security Administration transitioned exclusively to electronic payments, representing a large shift in payment mode mandated at the federal level. This study identifies the size and characteristics of the population impacted by this shift, by linking administrative data on Social Security payments to a nationally representative survey on the use of bank accounts and financial services. We find that the majority of unbanked Social Security recipients took up electronic payments well before the March 2013 deadline. The mandate does not appear to have increased the use of bank accounts. Instead, recipients used electronic payment cards. However, the transition to electronic payments was slowest among the most financially vulnerable households, suggesting a focus on these households as payment methods continue to develop.     

Standing up for or against: A text-mining study on the recommendation of mobile payment apps

Mobile payment systems offer enormous potential as alternative payment solutions. However, the diffusion of mobile payments over the years has been less than optimal despite the numerous studies that have explored the reasons for its adoption. Consequently, there is an increased interest in exploring alternative actions for promoting its diffusion, especially user recommendation of the technology. This is because positive recommendations can enormously influence the decisions of potential consumers to use the technology while negative recommendations can increase resistance to it. The few extant studies in this domain have followed the traditional survey approach with hypothetic-deductive reasoning, thus limiting an understanding of factors outside their conceptual models that could influence recommendations. To address this shortcoming, this study uses a qualitative text-mining approach that explores themes from user reviews of mobile payment applications (apps). Using 5955 reviews from 16 mobile payment apps hosted on the Google Play store, this study applied the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) text-mining method to extract themes from the reviews that help to explain why users provide positive or negative recommendations about mobile payment systems. A total of 13 themes (i.e. ease of use, usefulness, convenience, security, reliability, satisfaction, transaction speed, time-saving, customer support, output quality, perceived cost, usability and trust) were generated from the LDA model which provides both theoretical and practical insights for advancing mobile payments diffusion and research.     

A framework for micropayment evaluation

Lacking payment systems become a bottleneck for the vision of the Information Economy. In many cases, the payments of a fraction of a cent, the so-called micropayments, are of particular interest. In this paper we propose a framework to evaluate the payment systems. The framework consists of a well structured parameter vector of the desired attributes. For the evaluation of attribute values, we suggest to use VTS diagrams from object-oriented analysis and design. The framework is applied to DigiCash, SET and First Virtual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A replication study of the credit card effect on spending behavior and an extension to mobile payments

Prior research has shown that credit cards increase spending behavior as measured by the willingness to pay (WTP) or basket value. This research aims to replicate the credit card effect and to extend this effect to mobile payments. In four empirical studies, of which three online studies and one lab study (total n = 692), we manipulated payment methods (i.e., cash, credit cards, and mobile payments) and measured spending behavior (i.e., WTP and basket value). Across four studies, we did not replicate the credit card effect on either measure of spending behavior, suggesting the effect in the literature may be inflated or may have been fading away. A meta-analysis of the relevant literature revealed the expected credit card effect but also showed that the credit card effect has become weaker through the years and that this effect is contingent on the location of data collection. We also did not find evidence that the credit card effect extends to mobile payments on either measure of spending behavior in the three online studies. However, we found a significant difference between mobile payments and cash on the basket value measure (but not for the WTP measure) in the lab study. This paper also explored whether the pain of payment or payment convenience may be a mechanism underlying the relationship between payment methods and spending behavior. Although the pain of payment tended to be lower and the payment convenience tended to be higher for mobile payments, these effects did not translate into more spending behaviors.     

Why do stored value systems fail?

Stored value systems are the most recent form of electronic payment technology. They are meant to coexist with credit and debit technology, by primarily targeting the low value area of the transaction market. Being targeted at low value transactions, they are designed to have very low transaction cost. Stored value systems rely on creating a form of electronic value, on smart cards or as computer files. Such value can be bought (withdrawn) at any one time, and spent in arbitrary fractions at later times. When the technology emerged for its first implementations in the first half of the 1990s, it was much celebrated as a replacement for cash with many benefits over existing payment technologies. Many of these systems have subsequently been set up as trials, and the commercial rollout of some systems has started. However, actual usage of stored value systems is still low, much lower than was expected by the operators of the systems. Several years after the first trials were implemented, it is still unclear whether and when they will play a relevant role in the payments system market. And none of the trials that have been run can be considered a commercial success. This makes it necessary not only to assess the technology, but also the commercial future and user uptake of these systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of reduced government deficiency payments on post‐harvest wheat marketing strategies

Effects of reducing government deficiency payments on a wheat producer's post‐harvest marketing strategies are evaluated. The deficiency payment is predicted using an average option pricing model to properly value both intrinsic and time values of the deficiency payment. The biggest loss to producers from reducing deficiency payments is reduced revenue. The deficiency payment program was no better than hedging strategies in reducing post‐harvest risk, and when grain was sold at harvest, it even increased post‐harvest risk. Many producers will compensate for reduced deficiency payments by increasing use of futures or options contracts. For some producers, however, the optimal strategy is to sell wheat at harvest, because of high opportunity cost, storage cost, or risk aversion. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:243–263, 2000     

Improving Supply Chain Efficiency Through Electronic Payments: The Case of Micro-Entrepreneurs in Kenya and Tanzania

Research suggests that one possible key to development may be the growth of micro-entrepreneurial firms. The current work suggests that improving supply chain efficiency may help these very small enterprises grow. Specifically, it examines the role played by the use of mobile payments to facilitate transactions with suppliers. The study contrasts Kenya, which has widespread adoption of mobile payments by both consumers and small business, with neighboring Tanzania, where adoption, although substantial, has occurred at a much slower rate and achieved far less penetration. Findings support the idea that positive business outcomes such as increased income and increased hiring are related to mobile payment usage.     

The asymmetric effect of warranty payments on firm value: The moderating role of advertising,R&D,and industry concentration

Changes in firms’ warranty payments are informative signals that enable investors to form timely expectations about potential changes in product quality. The authors’ survey shows that warranty payments affect potential investors’ product quality assessments and stock investment likelihood. Their quantitative analysis reveals an asymmetric stock market reaction: unanticipated increases in warranty payments (which signal quality “losses”) lower stock returns but unanticipated decreases do not affect stock returns. Two important factors moderate this relationship. First, boosting advertising spending attenuates the negative stock return effect of unanticipated increases in warranty payments. Second, unanticipated decreases in warranty payments, which signal quality “gains”, translate into higher stock returns when the industry has become less concentrated. Interestingly, changes in R&D spending do not moderate investors’ response to unanticipated increases or decreases in warranty payments. The authors advise firms to use advertising to lessen the harm from warranty payment increases and to strongly communicate warranty payment decreases in the face of intensified competition. The authors also caution that offering warranties in general does not ensure greater firm value as declining quality firms that myopically offer warranty programs experience lower firm value than those that do not provide warranties.