对我省中小企业贷款难的思考及建议

一、中小企业贷款难的主要原因(一)中小企业自身原因导致贷款难1 资产规模小、经营管理不规范,财务制度不健全,市场竞争力差,抗风险能力弱,难以达到银行的要求。许多中小企业没有严格、规范的管理制度,企业重大事项不是经公司高层集体决策,而是由“一把手”一人说了算,经营风险     

再谈中小企业贷款难

中小企业贷款难在近几年呼声一直较高，而银行、企业对这些的态度颇为不同。去年，中小企业已少有贷款难的呼声。因此有必要对近几年中小企业贷款难的原因进行重新思考。笔认为，一些政策实施过程中所产生的负面影响、中小企业尤其是国有小企业自身存在问题以及银行在贷款操作方面的技术上的缺陷是形成中小企业贷款难呼声的主要原因。     

制约基层商行支持中小企业发展的成因及对策

中小企业由于法人治理结构不合理,财务信息不透明,缺乏有效抵押物等情况难以符合银行的贷款要求,而担保体系不完善,银行受信贷体制和效益约束,银企沟通不畅等诸多因素导致中小企业贷款难。破解中小企业贷款难和基层银行难贷款的路径必须由政府、企业、银行三方形成合力,转换政府职能,改善信用环境,创新银行服务,全面打造良好的金融生态环境。     

解决中小企业“信贷难”的三个问题

一、中小企业“信贷难”原因简析当前中小企业信贷难,到底难在哪里？笔者认为,难就难在银行本身,想不想贷,敢不敢贷,会不会贷,这才是中小企业能否顺利融资的根本所在。首先,银行为什么不想贷款给中小企业？其根本原因是成本与收益的不对称。一笔1000万元的贷款和一笔100万元的贷款,贷款手续和所需人力成本都是一样的,但收益却大相径庭,银行理所当然会“傍大款”。商业银行不是政府机构,也不是慈善组织,作为一个企业,盈利是其首选目标。     

试论解决中小企业融资难的四种途径

目前，融资难已成为制约我国中小企业发展的最大瓶颈。本文探讨了当前中小企业融资过程中银行放款难和企业贷款难的原因，指出建立和完善民营中小金融机构体系是解决银行放款难的最佳途径，而加快社会信用制度建设、完善信用担保体系和发展典当及融资租赁业则是应对企业贷款难的有效途径。     

从云南社会信用制度建设看“贷款两难”

“中小企业难融资,银行对中小企业难贷款”这“两难”可以说存在已久,至今也还没有比较有效的破解之法。原因固然是多方面的,但主因是社会信用制度建设滞后的问题,由此导致银行与企业（银企）之间存在严重的信用信息不对称的隔阂。这可以从云南的情况可见一斑。     

中小企业新的体制基础确立后银行信贷政策取向调整的几点思考

中小企业融资难的原因是多方面的,其中最根本的原因还是企业的体制问题,它造成了企业不讲信用,借改制之机逃废悬空银行债务.为此,银行出于对自身利益的保护,没有满足大部分贷款条件不足的中小企业的贷款需求,形成了"难贷款"的局面.随着目前企业改制工作的完成,银行的信贷政策取向也应该做相应的调整.本文就此问题,谈一点自己的思考.     

阿里信贷模式对商业银行的启示

中小企业贷款难是近些年来备受社会各界关注的问题之一。中小企业贷款难有着各方面的原因,包括整体社会信用环境不够完备,中小企业自身抵御风险能力较弱,缺乏真实完善的财务数据,政府支持力度不足等,但其中较为关键的因素是银行与企业信息不对称的问题。     

基于信息不对称下的中小企业贷款博弈分析

贷款难一直是影响中小企业发展的制约因素。本文从信贷博弈的视角,对银行的信贷决策和企业的守信、失信行为进行了分析,认为银企信息不对称是中小企业贷款难问题形成的根本原因,银行交易成本、管理成本和维权成本相对较高,且预期收益相对较低而不确定导致信贷配给效率低,是中小企业贷款难的直接原因,并据此提出了政策建议。     

构建与财政、货币政策相配合的中小企业融资机制

中小企业融资难既有来自企业自身的原因,也有政策导向、银行体制方面的原因,还与加入WTO后经济环境变化所带来的影响密切相关.改善银行布局、强化政府扶植、规定贷款比例固然可以缓解中小企业贷款难的局面,但却难以从根本上解决问题,只有从政策上、机制上解决银行愿意为中小企业服务的问题,只有将中小企业融资机制的构建纳入财政、货币政策的轨道,建立转移支付体系、货币供求体系与小企业融资渠道之间的有机联系,才能更好地解决中小企业融资问题     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.