A proposed model of external consumer information search

An enduring interest in consumer behavior is the investigation of external prepurchase information search. Past research has identified a large number of factors that have been found to influence the extent of information search. The purposes of this article are to summarize the external information search literature and then develop a more parsimonious model of information search. Specifically, we propose that the effects of these antecedents of information search are mediated by four variables: ability, motivation, costs, and benefits. This model integrates the psychological search literature by incorporating ability and motivation to search for information and the economic paradigm that centers on the perceived costs and benefits of information search. Propositions are developed based on this comprehensive model for future testing. Jeffrey B. Schmidt recently became an assistant professor of marketing at Kansas State University after completing his Ph.D. at Michigan State University. His research interests include new product development and international product strategy. His work has appeared in theJournal of Product Innovation Management andJournal of Business and Industrial Marketing as well as in various conference proceedings. He received his Ph.D. from Indiana University. His research interests include consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction and issues involving consumer knowledge. His work has appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Services Marketing, Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, andJournal of Product Innovation as well as in various conference proceedings.     

Word of mouth activity as information search: A reappraisal

Studies on the diffusion of new products show that word-of-mouth activity WOMA) is an important influencer of consumer acceptance. WOMA has usually been defined primarily as information seeking behavior aimed at risk reduction prior to the purchase decision. To test this hypothesis, data on a new milk additive brand were used from a 1,100 state-wide sample conducted longitudinally. The findings were consistent in rejecting the hypothesis, therefore casting doubt on the exclusive information search nature of WOMA. The main implication is to view WOMA as a multiform communication activity including conversation types other than information search.     

Effects of accountability on symbolic information search and information analysis by organizational buyers

Most studies of the organizational buying process assume that buyers acquire and use information “prosocially”—to make better decisions and promote their company’s welfare. The authors propose, however, that demands to account for their behavior causes organizational buyers to also gather and use information for political purposes—to protect their own self-interest. The authors present the results of an empirical study that investigates the extent to which four types of accountability—informal, official, process, and decision accountability—result in political (or symbolic) information search and prosocial information analysis by organizational buyers. Study findings suggest that buyers accountable to superiors and those accountable to subordinates or peers engage in more symbolic information search. Buyers accountable for their decision-making process analyze information more extensively. Surprisingly, buyers accountable for decision outcomes neither search for symbolic information nor analyze information more extensively. She received her Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests include industrial buying behavior, business-to-business relationships, and international marketing. She has published articles in theJournal of International Marketing and theJournal of Macromarketing, as well as various conference proceedings. He received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University. His research interests are in the marketing strategy and public policy areas. His work has been published inJournal of Marketing, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Journal of Advertising Research, and several other journals.     

对发展我国会计电算化的探讨

随着电子信息产业的不断发展,会计电算化在社会经济中的运用越来越广泛,随之而来的如何发展我国的会计电算化的问题也越来越引起人们的关注,本文以适应社会主义市场经济改革与发展的思路及目标为依据,顺应当今网络时代的发展潮流,面向加入世界贸易组织对中国会计改革与发展作一展望,针对如何发展我国会计电算化的有关问题进行探讨.     

Population density and type of purchase as explanatory variables in consumer information search

The principal purpose of this study is to bring empirical evidence to bear upon several aspects of consumer prepurchase information search. Particular attention is given to determining the extent to which observable variation in search patterns can be explained by population density and type of products purchased. Attention was drawn to these areas because of what appears to be fundamental weakness in modern regulatory policies and practices directed toward promotional strategies used in the consumer goods market and also because of the increase in the incidents of intervention by both state and federal regulatory bodies in the market place.     

A comparative study of consumer information seeking: Singapore versus U.S.

Consumer information seeking behavior was studied in the U.S. and Singapore. Rank order correlations were used to determine how the two samples differ on the extent respondents sought information from the various sources and how they evaluated usefulness of information from sources. Several interesting similarities and differences were found.     

无形资产--人力资源开发会计信息研究

人力资源开发会计信息是无形资产理论在会计领域的深入和发展。科学地确认、计量、记录和报告会计主体的人力资产开发信息，确立劳动者在各会计主体中的地位，促使各会计主体有效利用人力资产，合理开发人力资产，具有十分重要的意义。本论文从无形资产——人力资源开发中的必要性入手，对无形资产——人力资源开发会计的确认、计量、记录和报告等信息进行研究。     

未来会计信息披露探析

面对瞬息万变的市场环境,及时掌握与决策相关的会计信息,为决策提供理性支持,已成为会计信息使用者日趋强烈的要求.为提高会计信息的及时性和相关性,满足决策支持的需要,会计理论界和实务界还需努力探索.本文仅从会计信息披露的角度,分析会计信息披露的现状及原因,并以信息技术的迅猛发展为基础,提出了改善会计信息披露的途径.     

A longitudinal analysis of information source utilization

Research on various information sources and their relationships to the diffusion process has been extensive and representative of several theoretical positions. Despite many diverse, empirical investigations of information sources and the communication of innovations, the longitudinal analysis of the combination of information sources used by the adopting population has received relatively less attention. The purpose of the research reported here was to test several hypotheses concerned with longitudinal information source utilization by the population adopting a retail innovation.     

The link between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction in a business-to-business context: A dyadic analysis

Although it has frequently been argued that the job satisfaction of a company’s employees is an important driver of customer satisfaction, systematic research exploring this link is scarce. The present study investigates this relationship for salespeople in a business-to-business context. The theoretical justification for a positive impact of salespeople’s job satisfaction on customer satisfaction is based on the concept of emotional contagion. The analysis is based on a dyadic data set that involves judgments provided by salespeople and their customers collected across multiple manufacturing and services industries. Results indicate the presence of a positive relationship between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction is found to be particularly strong in the case of high frequency of customer interaction, high intensity of customer integration into the value-creating process, and high product/service innovativeness.     

浅谈院校校务管理信息系统的建立

随着信息技术在各行各业的应用与普及,以信息经济、知识经济为主流的教育改革也在全国范围内拉开了帷幕.为提高院校内部管理水平,适应当前素质教育的学校管理要求和目标,要以面向标准化、开放式的Internet/Intranet技术为特色的完整的软件架构,逐步构建能够满足院校校务管理与教学的全套解决方案,实现与上级教育部门应用软件的无缝连接,达到教育数据的一致性、标准性和规范性.     

基于Intranet的教学管理信息化技术的可行性研究

本文基于Intranet技术对教学管理信息化进行研究,构建一个教学管理信息系统,以提高教学管理水平,改善教务人员的工作环境,实现教学管理工作的规范化和现代化。     

税务培训信息技术学科教学优化初探

随着我国税收信息化的不断深入发展,税务干部的信息化培训工作也在不断深入.加大信息人才的培养,全面提高税务干部的信息素质成为一个必然的趋势.如何对税务干部进行信息技术的培训,从而使其熟练掌握各种信息技能,全面提高工作效率,成为从事信息技术培训的教师必须面临和思考的问题.     

高等专科院校会计电算化实验教学的探讨

当前,会计电算化实验教学是教学的薄弱环节,在人力、物力、财力等方面投入力度不够大,理论与实践脱节严重,我们应在明确实验教学的目标和任务的同时,建立科学的会计电算化实验教学体系以及运用网络和多媒体等现代教学手段,提高会计电算化实验教学的水平。     

The consumer retail search process: A conceptual model and research agenda

Consumers are continually faced with the task of finding their way through a wide variety of retail environments. Surprisingly, very little research has addressed questions about how consumers physically search through retail settings. This article explores this important, yet little researched behavior. A conceptual model of the consumer’s retail search process (CRSP) and several research propositions are advanced. The CRSP model integrates research findings relevant to an understanding of consumer retail search behavior. Literature from such diverse fields of scientific inquiry as environmental psychology, human factors, architecture, and marketing are reviewed and serve as the theoretical basis of the CRSP model. He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Pennsylvania State University in 1991. His current research interest concerns how consumers interact with the physical environment and how this interaction influences subsequent behavior. His research has been published in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing and theJournal of Marketing Education. His teaching and research interests focus on marketing and the environment and services marketing. He has carried out extensive research under sponsorship of federal, state, and local agencies on consumer behavior and urban travel and energy consumption. He received a B.S. degree in psychology from the University of Washington in 1966 and a Ph.D., also in psychology, from the University of North Carolina in 1972.     

企业会计信息质量问题研究

我国加入WTO后,企业发展受到前所未有的机遇和挑战,而作为了解企业发展的重要依据--会计信息就显得尤其重要了,我国企业会计信息质量的状况如何,以及产生的原因及如何提高会计信息质量,笔者在这里将进行一些探讨.     

Susceptibility to and impact of interpersonal influence in an investment context

This paper demonstrates the relevance of consumers’ susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) in an investment context. In Study 1, a survey of individual investors, investment-related knowledge, psycho-social risks, and social needs emerge as antecedents that explain investors’ susceptibility to informational and normative influence. In turn, susceptibility to normative influences increases transaction frequency, whereas susceptibility to informational influences decreases transaction frequency. The experiments in Studies 2 and 3 indicate the impact of interpersonal influences on consumers’ investment decisions in a voluntary (free choice) and involuntary (confrontation) setting and check whether CSII moderates the impact of interpersonal influences. Consumers’ investment choices are consistently influenced by the information and opinions of others, whereas CSII only strengthens the impact of interpersonal influence in a voluntary informational setting.     

Price,product information,and purchase intention: An empirical study

Price, nonprice product information, and purchase intention, together with the intervening variables of perceived price, perceived quality, and perceived value, are empirically examined. The results indicate that perceived price is positively influenced by objective price and negatively influenced by reference price. They support the positive price-perceived quality relationship found in previous studies and, further, show that the influence of price on perceived quality is lessened in the presence of substantial direct product information. Finally, the results demonstrate that a trade-off between perceived price and perceived quality leads to perceived value, and perceived value is a primary factor influencing purchase intention. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Missouri. His primary research interests are in the areas of consumer behavior and international marketing. He received his Ph.D. from Purdue University. He has published articles in various business, marketing, and social science journals.     

人际传播理论在景区营销中的应用研究

景区营销中最常使用的是各种大众媒体，但是对于成本低、效果好的人际传播渠道使用较少。人际传播学中的意见领袖理论、信息把关人理论和创新扩散理论都能在景区营销中发挥重要作用。对于景区营销来说，人际传播是不可忽视的一条信息渠道，潜在游客最多使用的和最信赖的就是这条信息渠道。     

信息的本质与信息哲学

随着对信息哲学问题研究的深入,信息哲学已成为信息学界和哲学界的热点问题和研究领域之一。对信息哲学本质的揭示使哲学研究面临又一次的转向,信息哲学将成为科学技术哲学的一个新的范式。信息哲学的确立不仅是学科自身内在发展规律的具体体现,而且也是当今信息时代发展的必然要求。