论中央历代领导集体的效率公平观

效率与公平是经济思想史上的难题之一,党的历代领导人都对此进行过深刻的思考和探索：毛泽东重视公平,不放松效率;邓小平重视效率并以此来推动公平;江泽民明确提出要效率优先、兼顾公平;胡锦涛总书记倡导通过构建和谐社会来推动社会公平正义,在效率与公平问题上,他们都契合了当时民众对公平和效率的基本诉求,极大地推动了中国社会的发展步伐。     

Go boldly!: Explore augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) for business

It is not surprising that managers find it hard to distinguish similar-sounding, IT-based concepts such as augmented reality and virtual reality. To many, all of these constructs mean nearly the same and, as a result, the terms are often used interchangeably. This confusion holds back those eager to explore the different opportunities these new technologies present. This Executive Digest presents six different types of reality and virtual reality—(1) reality, (2) augmented reality, (3) virtual reality, (4) mixed reality, (5) augmented virtuality, and (6) virtuality—as part of our actual reality/virtual reality continuum. We then illustrate their differences using a common example and outline business applications for each type.     

Downsizing and productivity growth: Myth or reality?

The conventional wisdom is that the rising productivity in the U.S. manufacturing sector in the 1980s has been driven by the apparently pervasive downsizing over this period. Aggregate evidence clearly shows falling employment accompanying the rise in productivity. In this paper, we examine the microeconomic evidence using the plant level data from the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD). In contrast to the conventional wisdom, we find that plants that increased employment as well as productivity contribute almost as much to overall productivity growth in the 1980s as the plants that increased productivity at the expense of employment. Further, there are striking differences by sector (defined by industry, size, region, wages, and ownership type) in the allocation of plants in terms of whether they upsize or downsize and whether they increase or decrease productivity. Nevertheless, in spite of the striking differences across sectors defined in a variety of ways, most of the variance of productivity and employment growth is accounted for by idiosyncratic factors.     

让合理的现实存在 存在得更现实合理

我国广告市场的现实是,经过30年改革开放的发展,行业规模逐步扩大,但行业的成熟度并未达到理想的水准,突出表现在行业集中度仍然不够、产业结构不尽合理,广告企业的同质化竞争严重,中小企业知识工具和技术创新不够,综合服务和资源整合能力不强,普遍缺乏核心竞争力,业内广告企业高度分散和弱小成为行业共同的忧虑所在。     

Compulsive buying: Concept and measurement

This article investigates the probable causes of compulsive buying, proposes a conceptual framework to explain the phenomenon, and develops an appropriate measuring scale. The results of the analysis testify to the reliability and validity of the scale which was administered to 76 consumers.

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Begriffliche und empirische Erfassung von zwanghaftem Kaufverhalten

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag behandelt zwanghaftes Kaufverhalten als einen besonderen Verhaltenstyp, der aus dem Zusammenwirken dreier Kräfte erklärt wird, nämlich erstens einer starken emotionalen Aktivierung, zweitens einer hohen kognitiven Kontrolle und drittens einer hohen Reaktivität. Der wichtigste Unterschied zwischen zwanghaftem und impulsivem Kaufverhalten wird in den kognitiven Vorgängen gesehen, die eine Person dazu führen, die Wiedererlangung des affektiven Gleichgewichtes mit einem Kaufakt zu assoziieren. Genauere Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Kaufverhaltenstypen bietet Figur 1. Die Zusammenhänge, die zur Entstehung von zwanghaftem Kaufverhalten führen, werden in Figur 2 gezeigt. Aus diesen Zusammenhängen ergeben sich drei Hypothesen, die empirisch geprüft werden:1. Der zwanghafte Käufer ist im allgemeinen in höherem Maße ängstlich als ein durchschnittlicher Käufer. 2. Der zwanghafte Käufer hat tendenziell ein schwächeres Selbstbewußtsein. 3. Der zwanghafte Verbraucher hat häufiger ein Elternteil mit mißbräuchlichem Verbraucherverhalten.Zur Prüfung dieser Hypothesen wird eine Skala entwickelt, die in Tabelle I beschrieben ist und deren Reliabilität und Validität sich als befriedigend erweist. Außerdem dürfte sie eindimensional sein. Die Daten, die von 38 zwanghaften Käufern und einer gleichgroßen Zahl von durchschnittlichen Käufern stammen, stützen die erste und die dritte Hypothese, die zweite Hypothese konnte nicht bestätigt werden.

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Gilles Valence and Alain d'Astous are Professors of Marketing, and Louis Fortier a graduate student, at the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada. The authors would like to thank Mr. Claude Sevigny (A.C.E.F. Estrie) and Mr. Claude Boucher (C.L.S.C. SOC), as well as Mrs. Monique Croteau, for graciously helping to track down compulsive buyers.This paper was first presented at the XVIIth Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy, Bradford, England, April 5–8, 1988. A French version of the paper will be published in Recherches et applications en Marketing.     

Russian and Belarus monetary union: Phantom or reality?

As of January 1, 2004, the Belarus rouble has been pegged to the Russian rouble. This is intended as a first step towards monetary union, which it is planned should come into force on January 1, 2005. This plan presupposes the successful resolution of a number of difficult political and economic problems, however, and it is by no means certain that the plan will not later be abandoned.     

互联网:理想与现实的差距

今天中国的互联网普及实现飞跃,赶上并超过了全球平均水平。然而在认可互联网的主流地位的同时,在实际运营中互联网的价值远没有完全发挥     

Collective Action and Transnational Terrorism

This paper applies modern tools of economic analysis to examine the nature of transnational terrorism and associated collective action concerns that arise in the aftermath of September 11. Throughout the paper, the strategic interaction between rational terrorists and targeted governments are underscored. Networked terrorists draw on their collective strengths to exploit a maximum advantage over targeted governments’ inadequate and uncoordinated responses. A wide range of issues are explored including governments’ deterrence races, undersupplied pre‐emption, and suicidal attacks. Myriad substitutions by terrorists limit government anti‐terrorism policy effectiveness. A host of policy responses are evaluated in light of economic analysis and past econometric evidence.     

The ethical imperative: Myth or reality?

As a result of recent legislative developments and greater ease of accessibility, the Human Resources Manager (HRM) faces the challenge of not only maintaining records but also that of protecting employees from misuse of personal information contained in their individual personnel files. The widespread use of computers for maintaining employee records has resulted in new ethical dimensions and/or challenges for the HRM. Serious questions regarding accessibility to and dissemination of such personal information now confront the HRM. Unless policies are developed by organizations for dealing with such questions, eventually government will mandate such policies in order to protect employee rights.     

Collective punishment and public policy

In this paper I shall discuss various philosophical theories of collective punishment: marxian annihilism, metaphysical collectivism and methodological individualism. After refuting metaphysical collectivism and its modified version, I defend a modification of methodological individualism.J. Angelo Corlett has written on a wide variety of philosophical topics. His work appears in journals such asTheory and Decision, Theoria, Journal of Business Ethics, American Psychologist, Social Epistemology, andNew Ideas in Psychology. His main areas of research include ethics, social and political philosophy, and epistemology. He is currently working on a book concerning collective rights, responsibility, and punishment.     

农村集体土地建租赁房的风险及其防范

农村集体土地建设租赁房在当前社会发展中有着与其他形式住房不可比拟的优势,但是在建设过程中仍面临着许多无法逃避的问题和风险,例如法律风险、市场风险、社会风险、财务风险等问题。本文从相关理论研究入手,综合运用各种数据收集和分析,对农村集体土地建租赁房的风险及其防范进行了相关的阐述,力求为其提供借鉴,增强预防和控制风险的能力,尽量规避风险或降低风险损失程度。     

Teaching business ethics: Bringing reality to the classroom

This paper presents an alternative method for discussing ethical issues. The method supports the use of the real world situations and emphasizes the interaction of all constituencies. The method incorporates the use of newspaper reports of real-life occurrences. It also stresses the use of local stories when possible.Dietrich L. Schaupp is a Professor of Management at West Virginia University. Dr. Schaupp has previously published in theJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interests focus on quality and ethics.Michael S. Lane is an Associate Professor of Management at West Virginia University. Dr. Lane has previously published in theJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interests focus on business ethics and strategic goals.     

Going global: Turning strategic vision into operational reality

How does a U.S. firm make the quantum leap from a domestic company to a global business? A study of 20 of the most successful U.S. MNCs suggests it's not just a matter of setting new strategic directions or operational plans.     

未来隐藏于现实之中

思考——影视广告的过去、现在与未来1979年1月28日,第一条影视广告播出,距今已有28年。从中国影视广告的发展来看,未来隐藏在现实中,回顾中国影视广告的历史,目的在于梳理流变,预测未来。