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1.
本文利用最新的全国农村固定观察点调查2016年和2017年两期数据,考察了农业支持保护补贴对规模农户种粮的影响,结果显示:第一,无论是纯粮食种植户还是粮食为主种植户,农业支持保护补贴皆显著扩大了规模农户的粮食播种面积;第二,农业支持保护补贴主要是通过促进规模农户转入更多土地来扩大粮食生产,对农户的种植结构没有显著影响。这表明,农业补贴改革取得了一定的效果,同时,加大对农地经营者的补贴支持可成为解决当前农地流转不畅、促进规模经营、保障粮食安全的一个重要手段。  相似文献   

2.
    
Against the backdrop of expanding commercial crop markets and private well expansion, market-oriented agriculture has developed in villages with access to abundant water resources in Tamil Nadu, India. On the other hands, the villages that have failed to secure sufficient irrigation water have experienced sharp decline in cropping. Such land has been rapidly invaded by Prosopis juliflora, a tree species that has wide adaptability of the different environments and high coppicing ability. This species has traditionally been harvested as a fuel for domestic use and small-scale businesses, and recognised as “a tree for the poor”. However, since the establishment of the electricity act in 2003, which completely deregulated participation of private companies in the electricity generation industry, the new usage of Prosopis has been created: several small-scale electricity generating plants began to utilise this tree as an energy source. As a result, the demand for Prosopis tree rapidly increased and the real price of raw wood has more than doubled between 2003 and 2009. A census survey of household income revealed that income generated from Prosopis expansion compensated for the decrease of cropping, and contributed to an increase in the net household income, especially for the landless labourers and middle class land holders. This fact indicates that it is possible to reduce poverty in a semi-arid rural area without securing additional irrigation water, in case proper institutions and technologies are in place.  相似文献   

3.
    
The EU's farmers are no longer required to produce commodities to receive direct payments as long as they keep their land in good condition. Some believe this is bad for development because it encourages passive farming. We evaluate, using a real options approach, the implications of decoupled payments for the desirability and optimal timing of agricultural land development when considering sunk investment costs and uncertain future returns. We find that decoupled payments accelerate development while passive farming increases, by adding managerial flexibility, the value associated with land. We then use the Nash bargaining solution to identify the rental share to be paid for leasing land. We show that a deal for the lease of land can always be reached, but that the facility to use passive farming as an outside option allows landowners to extract policy rents, thereby undermining the potential for the Basic Payment Scheme to support tenant farmers’ incomes.  相似文献   

4.
This article draws on the agricultural household literature to understand the dynamics of wage labour on farms in a context of family farming. The recent evolution towards an increased use of seasonal wage labour motivates the original distinction of three types of labour: family labour, permanent‐wage labour and seasonal‐wage labour. Considering the two wage labour types and hiring cost for seasonal workers, our empirical results based on 2000 French data on fruit and vegetable farms suggest that the choice between hiring permanent or seasonal wage labour is not only determined by the seasonality of the activity. Indeed, the characteristics of the local labour market also affect the trade‐off between permanent and seasonal wage labour. This result provides insights on the substitutability of the two labour types, especially when the local labour market is tight. Moreover, the substitution of seasonal‐wage labour for permanent‐wage labour can occur in the agricultural sector as a mean of increasing flexibility as well as reducing costs and commitments. Finally, family labour is found to substitute for wage labour and more specifically for seasonal‐wage labour.  相似文献   

5.
6.
    
Adoptions of improved technologies and production practices are important drivers of agricultural development in low-income countries like Nepal. Adopting a broad class of such technologies and practices is often critical for meeting the multifaceted goals of efficiency, profitability, environmental sustainability, and climate resilience. This study aims to address the knowledge gaps that still exist concerning what determines the adoption of improved technologies and production practices, the factors affecting their diffusion, the impact of interventions on productivity and crops grown, and the variability of impact within a particular country context. In this paper we address these questions using data collected as part of the USAID-led Knowledge-Based Integrated Sustainable Agriculture in Nepal (KISAN) project. We adopted a multistage sampling technique and surveyed 988 beneficiary households and 997 non-beneficiary households in KISAN intervention districts and non-intervention districts. Our findings suggest that, in Nepal, adoption of improved technologies and practices is significantly increased by improved access to markets, private sector involvement in selling improved seeds and disseminating information, membership in progressive farmers groups and cooperative societies, participation in agricultural training and farm visits, provision of subsidies for seeds, and access to credit. We also found the probability of the adoption of improved practices to be affected by farmers’ sources of information; for instance, the adoption of improved practices was increased when farmers obtained information from informal sources, cooperatives/farmers organizations, and public and private extension programs. The effects of KISAN projects vary significantly across the different crops grown, based on the evaluation models that address self-selection of both project participation and crop choices. These implications may also apply to other parts of the world facing similar challenges as Nepal, where limited market access, insufficient knowledge and resource capacity of farmers constrain their adoption of improved technologies and practices in agriculture.  相似文献   

7.
农业社会化服务能促进农户采用亲环境农业技术吗   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
使用亲环境农业技术是治理农业面源污染、改善耕地质量和提升农业绿色发展程度的重要举措.本文基于农业社会化服务视角,采用农户微观调查数据,利用倾向得分匹配法和mvprobit方法,定量测度了农户购买不同环节的农业社会化服务对其亲环境农业技术采用的影响效应.研究结果表明,农户购买农业社会化服务对其采用亲环境农业技术具有显著促...  相似文献   

8.
农村改厕新技术新产品推广应用问题与对策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]厕所既是一个国家和地区发展水准和文明程度的体现,也与人民群众的健康息息相关。随着我国农村人居环境整治力度的不断加强,农村改厕新技术新产品不断涌现,加强其市场化研究可为建立农村改厕新技术新产品市场化机制、打赢“厕所革命”攻坚战提供决策参考。[方法]文章基于农村改厕新技术新产品区域适用性分析与各地农村改厕工作推进情况,结合实地调研形成的判断。[结果]我国农村改厕存在政府支持政策体系不完善、新技术新产品研发推广市场导向不足、行业缺乏规范和农户参与意识薄弱等主要问题。[结论]破除农村改厕新技术新产品市场化困境,需要科学合理加大资金支持、搭建新技术新产品市场化平台、构建政产学研协作推进机制、加强农村改厕的规范化管理、鼓励多种形式的社会化服务、加大宣传培训促进市场推广,多措并举建立市场化机制。  相似文献   

9.
In this article, we investigate whether the Brazilian notifications to the TBT and SPS agreements are characterized as retaliation or as cooperation in international agricultural trade in the period 1996–2008. A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model is used to estimate game models of bilateral trade between Brazil and its major partners (United States, European Union, and Japan). From the viewpoint of strategic games, the results suggest that the Brazilian notifications are forms of retaliation against the United States, and, regarding the European Union, the best result for Brazil was conciliation. On the other hand, if the results are interpreted as equilibria of bargaining games, they suggest that Brazil has great bargaining power in trade with the United States and that cooperation characterized agricultural trade between Brazil and the European Union in the period analyzed. In the case of agricultural trade between Brazil and Japan, only Japan has characteristics of a country with significant bargaining power.  相似文献   

10.
研究目的:基于农地供给方和需求方双重视角剖析新型经营主体发育对农地有偿流转的影响及其机制,为促进农地流转市场健康有序发展提供理论依据与实践参考。研究方法:双重差分方法与Heckman两阶段模型。研究结果:(1)新型经营主体作为农地需求方能显著促进农地流转有偿化。(2)这一影响的实现基于两种机制:一是直接效应,即新型经营主体作为外部需求主体打破了以熟人网络为主的封闭市场,通过引入市场化的交易规则订立合理租金;二是通过间接的示范效应与竞争机制,激励熟人间的非正式交易向市场化、有偿化靠拢。(3)新型经营主体发育对农地有偿流转的影响以农地产权的稳定为前提,但并不因农村非正式制度的介入而被削弱。研究结论:在继续稳定农地产权的前提下,引入并培育新型经营主体,以其市场化行为发挥带动和示范作用,对促进租金有偿合理、健全中国农地流转市场具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
研究目的:基于陕西榆阳区的农户调研数据,探讨“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理对农户收入的影响机制。研究方法:双重差分倾向得分匹配法。研究结果:(1)“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理通过产权重组和土地整治工程融合实现耕地集中连片和设施完善,进而促进农业新技术的应用、农业劳动力转移和农户生计的专业化分工,从而通过农业节本增效增收和非农就业增收实现农户收入提高;(2)实证发现“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理能够显著使农户的总收入提升2.103万元,其中农业收入提升0.483万元,非农收入提升1.620万元,亩均流转收入提升0.089万元;(3)“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理对收入水平高、劳动力数量多、耕地总面积大、地块数量多的农户收入增长更明显。研究结论:依托农村集体产权制度改革、全域土地综合整治、高标准农田建设等政策实践,统筹推进农地产权制度改革、土地流转和农田建设工程,协同改造“地”的空间形态,以加快耕地细碎化治理,促进新技术应用及人地关系协调,促进农户增收。  相似文献   

12.
    
The decline in the number of farms, seen as one of the main dimensions of agricultural structural change, is presumed to predominantly take place in areas with farming difficulties, such as the disadvantaged European Alpine mountain regions. Especially regarding dairy farms, facing profound changes due to pending EU policy reforms, many questions remain unanswered concerning structural change patterns. This paper presents a follow-up qualitative study that for the first time visualizes a pattern of farm household strategies among Austrian dairy farmers in a specific particularly disadvantaged mountain region. The pattern contains disengaging farms, professionalizing farms, and three differing types of stable reproduction farms. The examination shows that this revealed typology provides a suitable framework for the ex ante indication of agricultural structural change.  相似文献   

13.
    
The decision of how much time to allocate to meal preparation is an endogenous variable to be determined by the opportunity cost of time, preference between market and nonmarket goods and leisure, and household production technology. Using consumer survey data collected in Bulgaria in 1997, this study measured the effect of household income on the amount of time allocated to meal preparation after controlling the effects of demographic, socio‐economic and other characteristics of households. We used the first‐hurdle dominance model to distinguish non‐meal preparers from meal preparers. Since the overall pattern of allocating time between market work, household activity and leisure in a particular country is likely to be conditional on the stage of its economic development, this study presents a unique opportunity to assess the rationality of the time allocation behavior of consumers in an economy in transition from a centrally‐planned to a market‐oriented system. Results showed that household income did not influence the decision of how much time to allocate to meal preparation. While the insignificant linkage between income and time allocation to meal preparation could be due to the differences in preference and household production technology. It can be also attributed to the legacy of four decades of a central‐planning system and underdeveloped food manufacturing and service industries. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

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This article analyzes the theoretical underpinnings of producer willingness to pay (WTP) for new inputs. In addition to conceptualizing the producer WTP function, we derive its comparative statics and show how these properties can be used to estimate quantities demanded or supplied and price elasticities. We also discuss implications of the comparative statics.  相似文献   

15.
如何激发农户参与农业规模经营的积极性,是实现其与现代化农业有机衔接的关键之一。本文以农地股份合作社为例,基于728户非社员农户样本,着重分析了信息传递、家庭养老保险对非社员农户入股决策的调节作用及其相互作用。研究发现,家庭养老保险参与、政策信息、社员评价信息传递对非社员农户入股决策均表现出显著的正向调节作用。其中,社员评价信息传递边际效应最高,对非社员农户的调节作用随传递信息内容等级的提高而提高。此外,信息传递对非农社员入股决策影响的边际调节效应递减。家庭养老保险对非农户社员入股决策的正向调节作用需要一定的信息传递为基础。因此,本文提出如下建议:可针对特定农业规模经营方式,在发展的不同阶段采取不同的信息传递方式;健全运行机制和监督机制,提高参与农户评价;完善农村社会保险体系,提高农户风险补偿预期。  相似文献   

16.
本文采用变系数生产模型,将全要素生产率中涉及各生产要素质量提升的部分剥离,从而识别财政支出通过不同途径影响农业增长的内在机制,并利用省级面板数据(1978-2015年31个省份)和县级面板数据(1993-2010年2495个县),从宏观和中观视角实证考察和比较了各改革阶段财政支出通过不同途径对农业产出的影响及其长期总体...  相似文献   

17.
培育、发展、壮大包括名特优农产品产业在内的新型产业是优化农业产业结构、培育新的农业经济增长点、构建农业发展新业态新模式的重要选择。南宁名特优农产品产业发展已经取得明显成效:产业规模和效益不断扩大、产业政策体系日益健全、产业结构不断完善,在未来时期其产业地位将不断提升、产业消费市场持续扩大、资金和政策支持更有力、产业发展模式更加成熟和完善,呈现出更为广阔的发展前景和空间。推进南宁名特优农产品产业发展应重点从以下方面发力:发挥好政府宏观调和引导功能,增强名特优农产品产业发展的政策保障;优化名特优农产品产业发展与乡村振兴有效衔接机制;突出特色与挖掘潜力并重,扩大名特优农产品产业发展空间;创新融合发展模式,推进名特优农产品多元化发展。  相似文献   

18.
农产品期货市场作为我国重要的金融基础设施,历经30年探索实践,在服务农业农村现代化方面做出显著贡献.其通过提升价格发现效率、丰富风险管理手段、创新业务模式和品种等方式,对内有利于提升农业产业规范化水平,改善农业生产经营模式,促进地方优势产业发展,切实保障农民利益,对外有利于提高我国农产品的国际影响力和定价权.但中国与美...  相似文献   

19.
随着农村改革深入推进,农民权益不断提升。当前这种不断提升的权益却仍然与农村户籍相绑定,在一定程度上影响了新型城镇化。为了有效破解农民权益保障与新型城镇化发展之间的两难境地,有效提升新型城镇化的质量,在城镇化进程中农民权益的处置需要采取新的思路。本文指出了当前农民和农民权益之间是一种\"弱连接\",且这种\"弱连接\"将变得愈发不利于城乡融合发展,并且以增量改革和市场化改革为原则,提出了将农民权益与农民个体相绑定、与农村户籍相分离,从而实现\"带权进城\"的农民权益处置思路。通过浙江省德清县农村产权改革的案例,本文探讨了\"带权进城\"在实践中的模式、效果、启示和未尽之处,指出未来\"带权进城\"实践创新的重点在于农民权益的固化和盘活,最后提出了从富裕地区先行先试,尊重农户意愿,扩大城镇公共服务供给等政策建议。  相似文献   

20.
    
This paper examines the labor supply of farm households in Nepal using a recently developed methodology that accounts for the simultaneity between production and consumption decisions of the households. Estimates of marginal products of male and female labor or shadow wages are obtained from an agricultural production function. An instrumental variable approach is then used to recover the household's structural labor supply from variations in the shadow wages and income, as well as other household characteristics. The findings reveal that both male and female total labor supply are sensitive to changes in shadow wages and income. Human capital embodied in education is found to exert a significant positive effect on output, but has no statistically significant impact on total labor supply of individuals. The results also rejects the existence of efficient labor markets in rural Nepal.  相似文献   

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