缩小贫富差距根本在于扭转财富分配失衡

<正>2010年,中国以两位数的经济增长创造了一个新的超越——超过日本成为全球第二经济体,人均GDP也达到4412美元。历史经验和经济规律表明,人均GDP达到4000美元往往会成为一个国家或地区发展的"分水岭",其经济社会的发展往往存在较大变数。处理得当,通常会出现一个较长的经济高速增长     

包头与呼和浩特地区GDP、人均可支配收入、人口与银行存款关系研究

本文从宏观角度实证研究包头和呼和浩特地区银行存款与GDP、人口和人均可支配收入之间的关系,结果表明三个因素对银行存款都有重要的影响,随着GDP和居民人均可支配收入的增加,银行存款会不断增长;人口的变动也会增加银行存款。因此,发展经济,增加居民可支配收入,保持人口合理增长和变动,才能稳定持续增加银行存款。     

基于ARIMA模型的山东人均全年消费支出分析

人均消费对经济的发展和社会的进步起着重要的拉动作用,其结构、质量和发展趋势在很大程度上决定着经济和社会的发展。山东省作为我国近年发展最快的大省之一,人口基数大,消费水平不断提高,基于此,本文采用ARIMA模型进行数据分析及研究,并据此结果对未来数据进行预测,目的在于尽量准确地揭示近年来人均消费发展规律,通过与山东省GDP增长率比较说明人均消费保持了较快增长,说明山东省具有较好的经济结构。     

环境库茨涅兹曲线在中国的现实考证

改革开放以来中国取得了经济上的迅速发展,但同时也伴随着一定的环境污染。本文利用1995~2012年中国31个省市地区的面板数据,基于环境库茨涅兹曲线假说,以各省市人均工业废水排放量、人均工业排放量、人均工业烟粉尘排放量与人均GDP数据进行建模,研究我国环境污染与经济增长之间的关系。结果表明:我国从整体来看,人均工业排放量与人均GDP之间满足"N"形曲线特征。人均工业烟粉尘排放量与人均GDP之间尚未呈现出明显的"N"形曲线关系。从时间发展阶段来看,2005年之后,人均工业废水排放与人均GDP之间呈现出较为明显的倒"N"形曲线关系;从区域来看,部分经济发达地区的人均工业废水排放量与人均GDP之间满足"N"形曲线关系特征。     

江浙沪农民人均纯收入差异的协方差分析

近二十年来,以上海为龙头以江苏、浙江为两翼的长三角地区无论是GDP总量还是人均GDP都在全国居于领先的地位.但是,在整个长三角地区经济取得巨大成就的同时,在地区内部各区域之间经济增长却存在着一定的差异.本文将从农村居民人均年纯收入的角度进行实证分析,研究其内部各区域间的收入差异.     

数字普惠金融对居民收入增长的影响及其机制研究

文章运用2011-2018年省级数字普惠金融指数数据,分析数字普惠金融对居民收入增长的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:数字普惠金融通过提高城镇化水平、企业外资利用能力、基础设施建设水平和区域医疗水平显著影响各省人均GDP增长;数字普惠金融对我国东、中、西部地区人均GDP均有显著提升作用,且提升效果依次递减;数字普惠金融的覆盖广度、使用深度、数字化程度对各省人均GDP均有提升作用,且影响程度依次递减。文章最后为构建数字普惠金融促进居民收入增长的长效机制提供政策建议。     

努力推进外汇均衡管理

2003年我国经济继续保持快速增长，GDP增长达到9．1％，人均国内生产总值达到1000美元，取得了举世罕见的成就。但是，货币和信贷增长偏快，经济结构不合理、就业压力较大、地区发展不均衡、国际收支不平衡等问题也日益显现，影响到经济全面、协调、可持续发展。     

仓廪实而需服务

进入2007年听到的第一个宏观经济的好消息是“广州人均GDP超过1.1万美元”。根据广州市统计局的预计,2006年广州市地区生产总值同比增长14.4%,全年地区生产总值将达到6236亿元,按照现行汇率和户籍人口计算,人均GDP将超过1.1万美元。而按照世界银行的衡量标准,人均GDP超过1万美元是公认的从发展中状态进入发达状态的标线。当然,从纯粹的技术层面来说,上述所说的广州人均GDP数字的统计还有不严谨的地方,比如非户籍常住人口的漏算之类。但我们在这里想说的是,从广州这个数字背后透出的经济结构发生的本质变化。早在2005年,广州服务业增加…     

放手发展个体私营经济 着力培植经济新生长点——对欠发达地区加快经济发展的思考

朱镕基总理最近明确提出,今年全国国民生产总值增幅要确保达到8％。地方各级政府也分别提出了各自的确保目标。如何使确保目标变成现实?我认为,大力发展个体私营经济,努力形成千家万户忙经济、男女老少致力发展生产力的崭新局面,是经济欠发达地区加快发展的一个重要途径。 放手发展个体私营经济是实现经济持续快速增长的重要支撑。要确保一个地区GDP较快增长,就必须认真研究影响GDP增长的主要因素。根据射阳县以1997年数据为基数,测算的三次产业对GDP增长的影响为:第一产业对GDP的影响是,种植业利税每增长1％,对GDP的     

中国西部地区对外贸易与经济增长的相关性研究

一个地区的对外贸易对其经济发展具有重要的影响,出口和进口对西部地区的经济增长会产生怎样的影响?本文通过我国西部地区2000~2014年的GDP与进出口的相关数据进行计量分析来研究对外贸易与经济增长的关系。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.