公平关切与创新投入下的闭环供应链决策优化研究

考虑回收商公平关切与制造商创新投入问题,分别构建公平关切和创新投入与否的闭环供应链决策模型,并针对回收商不利不公平厌恶设计基于成本分担的供应商前向整合契约,探讨公平关切程度、创新成功率和成本分担比例对供应链决策的影响。研究发现,回收商对公平的关注是回收系统内部利润分配的一种手段,也是一种“利己损他”行为。创新成功率的提高,有助于供应链系统利润的增长,但供应商“搭便车”的行为不利于制造商创新和供应链长期稳健性。当公平关切程度和成本分担比例满足一定条件时,基于成本分担的供应商前向整合契约不仅能避免回收商“利己损他”行为,约束供应商“搭便车”的机会主义行为,还能进一步优化决策模型,实现供应链Pareto改进。     

零售商公平关切下闭环供应链产品升级生产与协调机制研究

研究了由一个制造商和零售商组成的产品升级闭环供应链的生产协调问题。引入公平关切系数后,分别讨论了产品升级闭环供应链集中与分散模型下的最优生产决策,分析零售商公平关切行为、产品升级前后性能差距对产品升级闭环供应链利润的影响,并提出“定价契约”对产品升级闭环供应链利润进行协调。研究表明,制造商需要合理控制升级前后产品性能差距才能使得升级前后产品拥有更好的市场;随着零售商公平关切行为程度的提升,制造商的利润会向零售商发生转移;控制升级性能差距不变,产品不断地推陈出新会提高供应链的整体收益;采用“定价契约”可以协调制造商和零售商之间的收益,实现帕累托优化。     

利他偏好下考虑回收质量不确定的闭环供应链定价决策

考虑回收产品质量不确定性与回收商努力水平,构建了利他中性的分散决策、制造商利他偏好的分散决策以及集中决策模型。分别求解了三种决策模型的最优决策,探讨制造商对回收商利他偏好对闭环供应链定价决策的影响。研究表明：回收产品的可再制造比例和回收努力效应与废旧产品回收量、产品市场需求量和闭环供应链利润呈正相关;制造商利他偏好能够提高零售商、回收商和闭环供应链系统的总体利润,但会降低制造商利润;回收商努力水平和回收价格随着制造商利他偏好程度的增加而增加。当制造商利他偏好系数较高时,回收价格高于集中决策下的回收价格,这与传统“集中决策下回收价格最高”的观点不同。     

公平关切下考虑成本分担的绿色供应链决策研究

文章针对绿色产品研发的制造商和绿色营销活动的零售商组成的绿色供应链,在考虑制造商存在公平关切的情形下,分析无成本分担、制造商分担营销成本和零售商分担绿色研发成本行为对绿色供应链定价策略及利润的影响,并分析不同分担模式下决策结果的差异性。结论表明：制造商公平关切对供应链成员不利;零售商成本分担能够提高制造商和零售商的利润;两种分担模式都能刺激制造商的绿色研发投入。研究有助于供应链企业在契约合作方面作出更好的决策。     

基于消费者预期和不同回收渠道的制造/再制造供应链定价决策研究

针对消费者在进行购买决策时会将产品的销售价格和心里预期价格比较确定是否购买产品的情形,建立不同回收模式的博弈模型,研究了消费者预期和不同回收渠道对制造/再制造供应链最优决策及利润的影响。研究结果表明：零售商和制造商总会随着参考价格因子和消费者渠道偏好的变化调整价格来接近消费者预期,且参考价格因子越大,零售商利润越低,第三方回收商的利润越高;当渠道间竞争激烈时,消费者预期对供应链整体利润是有利的;同时渠道销售成本的增加会损害制造商和零售商的利润。此外,我们与没有回收的情况进行比较,研究发现,回收再制造可以使得企业获利,且制造商回收效果更好。     

零售商主导下的闭环供应链信息分享价值研究

本文旨在研究信息分享对零售商主导的闭环供应链的价值影响。采用Stackelberg主从博弈分析,比较信息分享前后供应链各方绩效的变化,得出不同回收模型下信息分享的价值;并考察预测精度、努力回收成本参数和回收支付水平等对零售商信息分享决策的影响。最后从供应链、零售商和制造商决策角度给出建议:集中决策优于分散决策,零售商应努力加强供应链的整体协调性,并提高信息预测精度,增大信息价值,进而提高供应链利润;零售商选择回收行为不经济,分享信息会进一步恶化供应链绩效,制造商应选择回收并主动分享私有信息,提高供应链绩效;制造商在信息精度较低、回收努力成本加大时,则可通过适当提高回收支付水平,选择第三方回收,确保自身和供应链利润。     

零售商回收模式下政府补贴对闭环供应链定价策略的影响

低碳经济背景下,讨论政府补贴供应商再制造对闭环供应链均衡决策和碳排放量的影响,建立一个包含供应商(一级领导者)、制造商(二级领导者)和零售商的三级权利结构模型。通过对闭环供应链中有政府补贴和无政府补贴两种情形下决策变量的最优解进行比较,分析了政府补贴对零售商回收努力程度和供应链单位碳排放量的影响。研究表明,政府补贴下的零售商回收模式对消费者最有利,且政府补贴可以有效促进零售商的回收努力程度,提高节点企业的均衡利润,同时降低供应链的单位碳排放量。     

考虑产品绿色度的闭环供应链联盟决策

在闭环供应链中,选择合适的联盟可以帮助制造商更好地从事绿色产品制造活动。针对考虑产品绿色度的供应链联盟问题,文章利用博弈分析技术,分析集中决策（C模型）、分散决策（D模型）、制造商与零售商联盟（MR模型）和制造商与第三方回收商联盟（MC模型）等4种模型下的闭环供应链的最优决策问题,并比较分析不同模型下的最优解。最后,通过算例仿真分析了绿色偏好系数和研发成本投入系数对决策中的最优解的影响。结果发现,集中决策模型下的联盟最优,而制造商与零售商联盟优于与第三方回收商联盟。     

存在规模效应的再制造回收渠道决策模型

在第三方回收存在规模效应的情况下,文中建立了再制造闭环供应链的回收渠道决策模型。比较了三种回收渠道中回收率、零售价、批发价以及制造商和零售商的利润关系,以及通过算例分析了规模效应对第三方回收率以及供应链上各成员利润的影响。结果表明：规模效应较大时,第三方回收渠道优于制造商和零售商回收渠道;在第三方回收模型中,回收率随着规模效应的减小而减小;规模效应较大时,第三方分得最多的再制造利润,其次是制造商,但随着规模效应的减小,利润逐渐转移到零售商那里。     

闭环供应链回收渠道的选择——以价格为决策变量的博弈分析

基于单一制造商和单一零售商构成的闭环供应链系统，以产品批发价和回收转移价格为制造商的决策变量，市场回收价为回收方的决策变量，对不同回收模型进行了博弈分析，得到闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润，并进一步对不同回收成本下制造商的最优选择进行了分析。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.