各收入阶层城镇居民消费过度敏感性研究

<正>用全国平均意义上的“典型”家庭为代表来研究居民消费过度敏感性,是现有文献的经典方法,但其结果并不符合各收入阶层家庭的实际情况。本文对城镇居民家庭按收入分组,使用状态空间模型和变参分析,来研究消费过度敏感性。结果发现在各阶层之间,消费敏感性呈“W”形分布。作者结合不确定性、流动     

上海市保障住房的空间布局现状和优化设想

引言 城市各阶层收入差距加剧了不同阶层居住空间的分异。保障住房作为解决低收入阶层住房问题和实现社会公平的重要手段,往往在忽视合理空间布局的情况下进一步加剧了城市居住空间分异现象与阶层分化。笔者基于城市居住空间结构理论对上海保障住房空间布局的历史形成及现状进行分析,对现有布局提出改善意见,     

不同社会阶层对消费行为的影响研究

在我国社会阶层分化的情况下,消费作为阶层地位的表现形式,其阶层化趋势也更为明显和复杂.有专家称,中国已悄然进入"阶层消费"时代,社会阶层对消费行为具有重要影响.本文从城镇低等收入、城镇中等偏下收入、城镇中等收入、城镇中等偏上收入、城镇高等收入这五个社会阶层入手,运用数据分析,进行对不同社会阶层的消费行为的分析研究.     

培育和扩大中等收入阶层的意义分析和制度建议

党的十八大提出全面建成小康社会,并把"中等收入群体继续扩大"作为重要战略措施。本文认为"中等收入群体"应该向"中等收入阶层"成长,并分析了培育和扩大中等收入阶层对全面建成小康社会的重要性,并在此基础上,提出要建立允许和促成中下收入阶层向上流动的社会机制和环境;要关注、研究和建立如何稳定和扩大农村人口中中等收入阶层的培育和扩大的社会机制和环境;要研究税收对中等收入阶层收入、消费和投资的影响,建立激励中等收入阶层稳定和扩大的税收制度和政策。     

新疆城镇居民收入差距实证分析

本文依据<新疆统计年鉴>提供的相关数据,采用人均可支配收入占人均总收入比重、收入集中度和对应分析原理,对新疆城镇不同收入阶层的居民收入差距进行分析,得出了不同收入阶层与个人所得税和收入来源的关系.     

和谐社会构建中的国民收入分配问题

一、我国国民收入分配格局现状及其影响 1、尖帽型收入分配格局的现实存在. 据国家统计局最新公布的数据,2002年中国城镇居民的人均可支配收入为7703元,仅不足"帽尖阶层"10万元的8%.在占中国总人口64%即8.3亿左右的农村低收入水平人口和少数城市贫困人口中,2002年的农村人均现金收入只有2476元,在城市的受贫困救济人口平均水平只有2400元左右.这些作为"帽沿阶层"的人们的低收入,仅相当于"帽身阶层"居民平均收入水平的32%,并且不足"帽尖阶层"收入水平的3%.在这些低收入人群中,还包括在他们中间处于最低收入水平的农村贫困人口.于是,由帽尖、帽身和帽沿三个阶层就构成了中国完整的尖帽型收入分配格局.     

习惯偏好下的中国居民消费的过度敏感性——基于1995～2005年省际动态面板数据的分析

本文运用1995～2005年省际动态面板数据研究了习惯偏好下的中国居民消费的过度敏感性。计量分析表明:在总消费增长率变动上城镇与农村表现出一定程度的耐久性,在非耐用消费支出上农村居民表现出一定的习惯,但城镇居民的消费习惯几乎不存在。无论是城镇还是农村居民的消费变动都呈现出对预期收入变动的过度敏感。城镇居民总消费变动的敏感性明显高于农村,而与此恰好相反,城镇居民的非耐用消费支出变动的收入敏感系数低于农村。过度敏感性表现出比较明显的非对称模式,城镇样本关于消费变动的估计支持了"损失厌恶"理论,而农村样本则支持了流动性约束或短视假说。     

金融危机背景下的所有权性质与投资现金流敏感性研究

本文以2007年金融危机以来宽松的宏观经济政策为研究背景,选取2007～2011年度中国沪深两市A股上市公司作为研究样本,采用投资现金流敏感性模型及Richardson预期投资模型,对不同所有权性质企业的投资现金流敏感性和投资效率进行研究.研究发现,地方国有企业与民营企业的投资现金流敏感性强于中央国企;地方国企存在过度投资行为,而民营企业则存在投资不足.     

我国城镇居民平均消费倾向与收入分配状况关系的实证研究

中国的有效需求不足现象近年来成为一个被普遍关注的问题,而居民消费需求不足更是成为关注的焦点。本文在前人研究的基础上,从标准的消费者预期效用最大化模型出发,推导出中国城镇居民的个体"短视"消费模型和总量消费模型;运用我国1985～2004年城镇居民消费、收入及其他相关数据,通过误差修正模型和对数线性模型分别对数据进行了计量分析,发现在我国现阶段,城镇居民收入分配差距的扩大引起了居民平均消费倾向的减小,且其长期影响尤为显著。在对计量结果进行分析的基础上,本文给出了若干政策建议。     

收入流动性与居民经济地位动态演化的实证研究

本文利用CHNS提供的中国9省区经验数据,研究了我国1989～2004年期间的收入流动性及不同收入阶层居民经济地位的动态演化情况,发现宏观经济景气度显著影响了居民收入流动性,2000～2004年期间的收入流动性在本文考察的历年中最高,而1997～2000年期间的收入流动性则较低;相对其他收入阶层而言,我国中等收入阶层的经济地位更加脆弱,其经济地位得到改善的前景不明朗;无论是从流动性水平还是流动性结构来看,农村收入流动性总体优于城市.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。