论资源节约型城市化道路

城市化的真谛与目的,在于通过聚集效益,在工业化过程中节约资源.但在我国的城市化过程中,却存在着大量严重的资源浪费现象,其原因是多方面的.据此,应该按照科学发展观的要求,采取有效对策,切实走出一条资源节约型的城市化道路.     

土地财政:历史、逻辑与抉择

土地财政是中国城市化启动的关键制度,对于城市化原始资本的积累起到重要作用。土地财政也带来资源浪费、金融风险和贫富分化等一系列问题。简单地放弃土地财政并转向税收,可能带来一系列风险。土地财政不应简单放弃,而应随着城市化的推进、完成而不断升级乃至逐渐退出。在此之前,土地财政不应轻言放弃。保障房制度,可以利用土地财政为劳动力的城市化提供原始资本。     

城市棕色土地与土地循环利用

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市化规模迅猛增长,出现了一些废弃、闲置、未充分利用的土地,带来一系列问题诸如土地资源浪费、土地污染、土地资源匮乏等现象。要根据棕色地块区土壤的不同类型,制定相关的预防和治理措施,尽快恢复土地原状,实现土地的循环利用。     

房建施工中的技术节约措施

随着房建规模的不断扩大,其对于能源资源的消耗量也在剧增,尤其是在居住用房的建筑中,技术浪费现象也较为严重。因此,为了降低建筑施工成本,提高工程质量,保证居民的满意程度,需要采取一些技术节约措施来解决施工工程的技术浪费问题,进而促进建筑企业的发展。     

基于BIM的建设项目施工成本控制研究

我国建筑市场规模大,发展增速快,但资源浪费现象也较为严重,尤其是施工阶段。本文将BIM技术引入到建设项日施工阶段的成本控制中,做好项日施工成本的事前和事中控制,节省企业施工成本。     

房建项目施工阶段成本控制对策研究

随着我国房屋建筑业的不断发展,建筑业的竞争日趋激烈.建设单位要想在激烈的市场竞争中占据重要地位,实现自身经济效益最大化,必须合理开展成本控制工作.但是很多施工单位的领导人员并没有认识到工程成本控制的重要性,也没有在具体工作开展中全面贯彻和落实成本控制制度,进而出现严重的资源浪费现象,这不仅不利于提升企业的核心竞争力,而且会阻碍企业的长久发展,为此,在房建项目施工中制定科学的成本控制策略是十分必要的.     

高成本条件下城市化持续发展的制度创新研究

城市化作为推动我国经济增长的主要动力之一,可持续发展遭遇高成本的约束。如何以低成本推进城市化健康发展,并保持城市化的聚集经济效应,成为城市化发展进程中必须解决的难题。本文从制度视角建立了一个城市化高成本的分析框架,对城市化成本对城市产业竞争力和城市持续发展的影响进行了实证研究。同时,对造成高成本的土地制度、财政分权和地方政府土地行为进行了分析,并且从制度改革和政府职能等方面提出城市化持续发展的对策建议。     

分析当前建筑施工节能技术

随着我国可持续发展进程的推进,减少在建筑施工中产生的资源浪费成为建筑行业不可避免的趋势。建筑节能技术是建设部十项重点推广新技术之一。这项技术不仅有利于减少自然资源和人力资源的浪费,减少建筑工程的经济成本,同时也可以缓解业内的资源紧缺的现象,对创造一个和谐稳定、可持续发展的建筑环境有重要意义。     

含铁氧化物在转炉炼钢中的应用

通过多种手段对转炉炼钢的材料以及制作流程进行探索,可以解决或减轻资源浪费的问题,降低转炉炼钢的资源浪费,提高资源利用效率以及更为有效地控制炼钢成本。文章对含铁氧化物在转炉炼钢中的应用进行了探讨。     

浅论医院成本管理

长期以来，医院缺乏严格的内部经济核算，普遍存在着高投入，低效率、医疗资源浪费严重的现象。随着医院“总量控制、结构调整”政策的实施和城镇医药卫生体制改革及医疗保险制度改革的不断深化，医院业务收入增长幅度受到控制，同时国家财政对医院的投入也在相对减少，医疗服务收费价格由国家统一规定，而且低于医疗成本收费，医疗成本在业务收入增幅受阻的情况下仍在大幅度上升。面对这些实际情况，医院必须加强成本管理，这是适应当前医院加强经营管理的需要；是搞好医疗资源合理配置的需要；     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.