China＇s Industrial Policy in Relation to Electronics Manufacturing

China has become the biggest exporter of electronic products in the world. Government policy intervention has contributed significantly to the rapid expansion of the electronics industry. The present paper examines the evolutionary development of industrial policies related to the electronics industry in China and the impacts of such policies on the shaping of the industry. In particular, the relationship between foreign funded enterprises and domestic firms are examined in detail. The future trend of the industry is also discussed in the paper, and the policy focus of the Chinese Government is predicted.     

中国电子产业:发展原因和制约因素(英文)

I. IntroductionIn a short span of twenty years, China’s electronics industry has developed by leaps andbounds, to become the third largest electronic producer in the world. This amazingdevelopment can be attributed to direct or indirect regulatory policies that the Chinesegovernment has adopted, aiming at improving domestic productivity and expanding marketdemand. In general terms, the electronics industry can be said to be comprised of three sub-sectors: consumer electronics, industrial ele…     

Structural Restriction in the Development of China＇s Financial Industry

After China‘s accession to the WTO, the main problem China now faces in its financial development is how to enhance international competitiveness while safeguarding financial security. Since reform and opening up, the development of China‘s financial industry has featured extensive quantitative expansion, but without sufficient consideration given to increased risk. This has led to serious defects in the financial structure, which has hampered the financial industry from further development and from improving its international competitiveness. All these have had unfavorable impacts on financial stability and security.Therefore, in developing China ‘s financial industry, the stubborn pursuit of growth in quantity is inadvisable. What is needed is to change this way of thinking and to promote reform and development of the financial industry with emphasis on structure improvement,and to seek a way of development that can raise international competitiveness, while at the same time ensuring financial security.     

Determinants of Competitiveness： Observations in China＇s Textile and Apparel Industries

This paper attempts to explore key determinants of competitiveness in the textile and apparel industries, with special reference to Chinese Mainland. The authors conduct a survey that is designed to use productivity, supply-side and demand-side determinants to measure enterprises＇ competitiveness. The collected survey data is then analyzed using factor analysis to capture the related determining factors indicative of competitiveness at the enterprise level. The findings demonstrate that government policies and related industry infrastructure are the most important determinants of competitiveness in the textile and apparel industries, followed by domestic demand. This suggests that the improvement of industry infrastructure can foster industry performance, and that more resources should be endowed to enhance the domestic business competitiveness of local enterprises. The development of domestic demand will foster the competitiveness of the textile and apparel industries on a more sustainable basis.     

Introduction

In today‘s world, new technology revolution characterizing as information technology is in the ascendant. It is a strategic demand that we should energetically develop software industry and base the national economy and society on information technology so as to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and narrow the digital gap. In recent years, the Chinese government has vigorously carried out a developing program for high-tech industry, therefore a new lot of software bases and special software incubators have been constructed which in turn push forward a rapid development of software industry.     

中国汽车产业：市场开放和转型

Based on a study of interactive learning and industrial growth, this paper explores the strategic adjustments and competitive advantages of both multinational corporations and indigenous firms in the auto industry after China‘s WTO accession, and forecasts the development trend in this industry. The main conclusions are: (1) with trade and investment liberalization after China‘s WTO accession, competitive advantages of transnational corporations have played an active role. Under this circumstance, indigenous firms depend heavily upon multinational corporations by establishing joint ventures and introducing new models. (2) As a result of strategic adjustment, China‘s car industry will transform from an independent industry into a dependent one. (3) Under pressure from the competitive advantages of the dominant multinational corporations, infant industries and enterprises of developing countries need, for their development, more support from local government. In addition, one of the key factors in the future development of China‘s car industry is the establishment of an interactive learning relationship between indigenous firms and multinational corporations.     

Contrast and Enlightenment of the Sino-Japanese Technology Import Policy

The technology import policy influences the result of the technology import directly. Japan and China both have accelerated their own development through the technology import, but compared with Japan, there are a great deal of questions on the technology import policy in our country. This paper analyses the technology import policy after World War II in Japan, and describes the development process of the technology import policy of our country and existing problems, then draws the conclusion that： the question of the technology import policy of our country can be summed up in fundamentally-the government＇s function and the setting-up and perfection of enterprise＇s technological innovation system.     

Analysis of Chinese Cigarette Competition Modes in the Government Monopoly Environment

As a main tax resource, cigarette industry brings about 10% of Chinese annual income. China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products of the world. The nation＇s policy and management mechanism are important elements greatly influencing the competition structure of cigarette industry. Due to the double characters of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and a limited total product output in order to intervene the cigarette market. Therefore, the price signal of cigarette market is distorted and to large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one, Presently cigarette industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China and meanwhile the cigarette producing is in a multi-element competition style within the nation＇s planning scheme. In other words, administrative monopoly and over-competition exist simultaneously in China＇s cigarette industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in cigarette industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e. production output competition based on quota trades, value-added competition in producing and selling, and the niche market competition based on product classification.     

Study on the Supporting Policies of SMEs： Empirical Research in Shaanxi Province

SMEs have played a more and more important role in economic development and social stability. However, SMEs supporting policies have not been attached great importance accordingly, which has made SMEs in the situation of ＂high position but weak strength＂. Generally speaking, SMEs are a group that needs to support by a series of policies. This paper analyses problems of Shaanxi SMEs supporting policies systematically and gives some countermeasures to these problems. We hope they would be valuable to SMEs supporting policies both in policy making and their implementation, which is the foundation of the sustainable development of SMEs in Shaanxi Province and other provinces in the whole country as well.     

Analysis of China＇s Foreign Trade Growth and Discussion of Related Policies

China’s foreign trade experienced three consecutive years of super-speed growth in 2002-2004, even though the country was stricken by the SARS epidemic in 2003 and power shortages in 2004. What has gone beyond expectations is that the exports trade still grew with momentum after the central government lowered the export rebate rates by an average of 3 percentage points, starting from January 2004. Such growth momentum is apparently associated with external demand and the performance of the domestic macroeconomy, and even more associated with a series of support policies. This paper tries to raise issues issues associated with these policies on the basis of an analysis of foreign trade performance in 2002-2004, in order to enhance understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of these policies, and to recommend a new line of thought for improving policy arrangements for the growth of import and export trade and for the harmonious development of the macroeconomy.     

The Foundation and Pattern Choice for the Sustainable Development of Chinese Financial Trust Industry

Since it was resumed in 1979, China＇s financial trust industry has experienced five major improvement and rectification. With the implementation and promulgation of ＂one law and two regulations＂ and the establishment of China＇s Trust Industry Association, financial trust industry is developing into a relatively good stage. In view of practice and regular patterns of its development, we have to set up ideas of sustainable development so as to prevent the financial trust industry from involving in a circle of ＂development-- reorganization---development again--reorganization again＂. At present, the premise to realize financial trust industry＇s sustainable development is to fully understand the unique comparative advantage of financial trust industry and establish scientific market function.     

Thinking on the withdrawal mechanism of venture capital in China

From the operating mechanism of venture capital, we can see that, the withdrawal mechanism of the venture capital plays a decisive role in the ultimate success or failure of the venture capital. One of the key issues affecting the development of China＇s venture capital industry is that the withdrawal mechanism is not sound. In referring to the foreign successful experience, we must fully analyze it by integrating with the actual situations of China. Currently, the capital market, property market, venture capital system and legal system of China are not perfect, and the improvement of the mechanism can not be done overnight. We can first choose to withdraw in a practical way in the current stage to gain the time to develop, and then continue to pave the way to create conditions, and finally establish a perfect venture capital withdrawal mechanism.     

A Discussion about the Development of Ecotourism

The ecotourism is a kind of newly arisen tour form that is developing quickly, and it is also a hot point in the current tour field. However, we must regard the environment affected by the development of industry. Therefore, we have to research the real content of the ecotourism, and take into account combining the physical establishment of our country＇s laws system and the management measures that the ecotourism can make a university, and the ecosystem tour becomes carrying on the ecosystem education to the tour. Furthermore, we need protect the nature sight and culture legacy to make the tour industry be a green continuable industry.     

英文简讯

Zhejiang Province Facilitates Private Investors CHINA BUSINESS MONTHLY Private investors in Zhejiang Province,east China,will be able to put their money in all fields that are open to foreign investors under new policies the government is to carry out soon. The coastal province is famous in the country for its booming private economy. Private investment accounted for 63 percent of the prvince‘s total in 2001,giving a big boost to development of the local economy. Under the new policies,which are aimed t...     

Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect the Growth of Local Firms？ The Case of China＇s Electrical and Electronics Industry

Does foreign direct investment(FDI) into developing countries affect the growth of local firms in host countries? Using a dataset of 38 sectors in China’s electrical and electronics industry,in this paper,we analyze whether FDI has a positive effect on local firms,with technology spillovers,added value and increasing total factor productivity,or a negative, market stealing,effect.Estimating the relationship between growth of local firms and investment of foreign firms,our results show that FDI is likely to have a negative impact on the growth of local firms in sectors with large disparities in technology and less experience in business.Therefore,local firms lacking in technology need to find markets with no competition from foreign firms or determine strategies to compensate technology disparities.     

Comparison and Enlightenment of Chinese and American Social Security System

As a typical market economy country, US＇s social security system generally and fairly takes shape. While China is the country which is under the reform and the inefficient development of market economy is a basic reality. The comparison between Chinese and American social security system and enlightenment have been drawn in this paper.     

Comparative Analysis of Capital Productivity in China＇s High-Tech Industries

While labor productivity is a topic of constant debate and has been studied extensively, far less attention has been devoted to the question of capital productivity. Productive use of physical capital is an important source of economic growth and investment return. This paper presents a comparative study of capital productivity in China‘s high-tech industry. Using a version of the perpetual inventory method (PIM), new estimates have been made of the physical capital stock by sector. Capital productivity in China‘s high-tech industry is higher than in total manufacturing, but the gap between them has been shrinking. Comparison with high-tech industries in the US., highlights that China‘s high-tech industries could play a more important role in the growth of manufacturing and the whole economy.     

A Study of Sustainable Development of China＇s State-Level Economic and Technological Development Zones

State-level economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) are products of China‘s reform and opening-up policies and a new engine of growth for the Chinese economy. They have made tremendous contributions to the development of the Chinese economy. However,some problems have emerged in the course of this progress and new challenges are still lying ahead. Sustainable development is possible only when the strategy and objectives of development are adjusted, when the integrated investment environment is optimized, when industries are upgraded, when technical innovations are made, when independent innovation capabilities are lifted, when the mode of economic growth is changed, and when innovations are made in government management.     

Growth and Common Prosperity in China

This paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequity in opportunities.The resulting common prosperity indices and opportunity equality indices are then applied to five waves of the Chinese Household Income Project data from 1988 to 2018.This paper shows that the labor market performance and social policies have been improving over the last 30 years and have helped China move towards common prosperity for everyone.The indices developed in this paper allow us to quantify the extent of shared prosperity that a country has achieved and to carry out empirical studies on which policy is working and which is not.It can also help us identify the fundamental causes of inequality and aid us in achieving equality in opportunity among all members of society.     

Discussion on the Suitability of Strategic Trade Policy in China

One theory of strategic trade policies is about the profit shifts theory by ＂harming others to benefit oneself＇. This strategic trade policy is that one country takes its losses to other countries as in ＂using neighbor＇s field as a drain＂. This kind of trade policy may suffer the resistance and vindictiveness of other countries. Under these terms of effective large-scale production, the unperfected market structure and the transition stages of its economic system, China can＇t adopt this strategic trade policy blindly.