产业集群与产业生态互动关系研究

产业集群是当今最具竞争力的产业组织之一,产业生态化是实现经济、生态、社会可持续发展的重要途径。两种产业组织形式存在较强的互动性。对此,本文从产业集群的生态特性、产业集群是产业生态化的最佳组织形式以及产业生态化发展促进产业集群演化3个方面进行阐述。     

产业集群生态化政策研究综述

产业集群生态化已成为21世纪产业发展的新趋势。但国内外专门针对产业集群生态化政策的研究相对较少,这与产业集群的迅猛发展极不适应。按照国家职能实施手段维度（行政手段、法律手段和经济手段）和产业集群模式维度（传统产业集群生态改造模式、高新产业集群生态定位模式和工业生态园发展模式）将国内外关于生态产业集群政策的研究进行梳理,继而对国内外学者关于生态集群政策的研究进行评述。     

内蒙古产业集群生态化发展策略

产业集群生态化是现阶段探讨内蒙古经济发展的重要命题。本文是从产业集群在发展壮大的过程中所面临的生态问题入手,探讨如何实现产业集群生态化并提出相应的策略。     

基于产业生态化视角的资源型产业集群升级研究

传统的产业集群生态化研究着重于从生态学角度构建产业生态系统。从资源型产业集群自身发展能力出发,研究产业生态化与产业集群的耦合性,分析业生态化与产业集群的双向积极作用。从提高产业竞争力、促进绿色发展、提升技术优势、参与国际竞争、转变产业结构等方面研究了适合资源型产业集群的新型生态化路径—循环产业集群。结合资源型产业集群存在的问题,提出资源型产业集群生态化升级的具体对策。     

产业集群生态可持续发展的对策

产业集群是一种富有生命力的组织形式,但是在其发展过程中产生了集群污染与集中利用资源带来的资源紧缺现象,给产业集群自身的发展带来了沉重的包袱,对产业集群地区提升自身的竞争力形成了阻碍。本文从生态工业园、生态技术与制度约束的角度,对产业集群的可持续发展提出了一些建议,希望能够激发产业集群的生命力。     

基于生态共生的金融产业集群关系结构研究

金融产业集群是现代金融产业组织的基本形式之一,其发展需要建立集群成员间的和谐共生关系.笔者在分析金融产业集群网络关系类型基础上,借助生态共生理论,分析了金融产业集群的三种关系结构:竞争关系、合作互利关系(横向合作互利、纵向合作互利关系)和产业捕食关系,并建立了微分方程,提出了实现集群成员和谐共生的措施建议.     

从环境外部性视角研究产业集群生态化发展策略

产业集群发展过程中形成的生态效应问题已成为目前关注的焦点。运用外部性理论,分析了产业集群环境外部性形成的原因及其特征,并阐述了产业集群的生态化特征,最后在探讨环境资源产权的基础上,从环境外部性的视角,提出了政府在产业集群生态化发展过程中可以采取的策略。     

广义协同进化视角下产业集群生态化研究

针对产业集群在可持续发展中所面临的双重问题及其表现出的明显生态属性,从广义协同视角重新考虑产业集群生态化,并认为:以可持续发展为根本目的的产业集群生态化,应该包括产业集群与自然环境的协同进化、产业集群内部组分间协同进化两个方面。前者主要体现为以物质闭环流动为核心的循环体系构建,后者体现为产业集群内企业在资源使用中的现实综合适应和进化策略。     

生态视角下产业集群可持续发展研究——以威海产业集群发展为例

随着市场经济的不断发展与完善,产业集群在区域经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用,尤其是产业集群生态化不仅可以促进经济发展的需要,更符合可持续发展的要求.生态化产业集群的建设与发展需要从思想认识到实际措施、从企业到政府各部门共同努力,由此才能保证企业的生存与发展,促进区域经济的可持续健康繁荣.     

产业集群生态化发展与中部崛起战略研究

为了让中部走出"中部塌陷"困境,实现中部崛起,中部产业集群生态化发展是最佳途径和重要载体.文章分析了中部产业集群发展的现状及对中部的影响,探讨了中部产业集群生态化发展与中部崛起之间的辩证关系.     

产业政策强度对产业发展影响的模型分析

产业政策是世界各国普遍采取的经济政策。产业政策的强弱程度与产业发展之间存在密切的关系,本文以Volterra的食饵-捕食者模型说明了,在产业发展的扩展期,应尽量减少产业政策对产业发展的干预强度,使产业内各企业充分展开竞争,促进强势企业的发展,竞争性产业政策有助于产业竞争力的提升,促进产业的健康发展。     

Modelling industrial new orders

This article models industrial new orders across the European Union (EU) countries for various breakdowns. A common modelling framework exploits soft (business opinion surveys) as well as hard data (industrial turnover). The estimates show for about 200 cases that the model determinants significantly help in explaining new orders' monthly growth rates. An alternative estimation method, different model specifications and out-of-sample and real-time forecasting all show that the model results are robust. We present real-time outcomes of a European Central Bank (ECB) indicator on industrial new orders at an aggregated euro area level. This indicator is largely based on national new orders data and on estimates yielded by the model for those countries that no longer report new orders at the national level. Finally, we demonstrate the leading content of the ECB indicator on euro area new orders for industrial production.     

Social networks and industrial geography

In many industries, production resides in a small number of highly concentrated regions; for example, several high tech industries cluster in Silicon Valley. Explanations for this phenomenon have focused on how the co-location of firms in an industry might increase the efficiency of production. In contrast, this article argues that industries cluster because entrepreneurs find it difficult to access the information and resources they require when they reside far from the sources of these valuable inputs. Since existing firms often represent the largest pools of these important factors, the current geographic distribution of production places important constraints on entrepreneurial activity. As a result, new foundings tend to arise in the same areas as existing ones, and hence reproduce the industrial geography. In support of this thesis, the article reviews empirical evidence from the shoe manufacturing and biotechnology industries.JEL Classification: L11, M13, R30Adapted from a plenary talk delivered at the 8 ^th annual meetings of the International Schumpeter Society in Gainesville, FL. Constança Esteves and Lee Fleming provided comments useful to developing this written version.     

A matrix-based industrial location model

Experience with earlier interview-type location studies is employed as a basis for an ‘improved’ matrix model for the external location factors affecting industrial undertakings. The model enables the relative advantage of potential locations for industry to be determined, and the most appropriate branches of industry to be assigned to each region.     

Technological unemployment in industrial countries

Using annual data on 21 industrial countries from the period 1985 to 2009 and a large number of controls, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of technological change on unemployment. As proxy for technological change, it uses the ratio of triadic patent families to population. According to the regression results, an increase in technological change substantially increases unemployment over 3 years. There is no long-term effect, though. The results are robust to both endogeneity and numerous variations in specifications. They support theoretical contributions according to which faster technological progress may increase unemployment, at least during a transition period.     

Return of industrial policy?

For the sake of freedom, economic growth and poverty reduction the state in market economies should limit itself to regulating markets and (sometimes) correcting ‘market failures’. This neoliberal conception has been the near-consensus for the past two to three decades in the West and in western-led international organizations such as the World Bank. But as of recently, the consensus has been challenged by circumstances with which it cannot contend. This article spells out key ideas behind the consensus – in particular, its rejection of industrial policy. It then argues that the US government has long practised – to good effect – a hitherto little noticed type of industrial policy focused neither on the individual firm nor on the geographic region but on networks of firms, and that a (small) change in the American normative climate has occurred post 2008 in favour of a government steering role in markets. Moreover, some middle-income countries, with manufacturing sectors shrinking in the face of East Asian competition, have recently shown renewed interest in industrial policy. Finally, parts of the World Bank have recently begun to operationalize industrial policy, under the banner of ‘building competitive industries’ (industrial policy by another name), as has not been the case since the mid 1980s. The combination of these several forces may herald the emergence of new global norms in favour of a more ‘developmental’ role of the state.     

New experiments in industrial organisation

Experimental economics has devoted much of its relatively short life to the study of issues of industrial organisation, and has achieved notable successes, of considerable value to the development of both the theoretical and empirical aspects of the subject. The general message emerging from the market-level experiments is that the existence of, and convergence to, the (market) equilibrium of neoclassical theory is, in general, well-supported by the experimental evidence; on the other hand, the general message emerging from the individual level experiments is that the foundations of the neoclassical market theories are seriously flawed. This paper argues for new types of experiments in industrial organisation, ones that are theory-suggesting rather than theory-testing, and ones that are more ill-defined than those carried out to date. There is a need to shed some light on how people tackle extremely complicated ill-defined problems as opposed to experiments confined to testing well-defined theories of simple problems with complicated solutions.I am particularly grateful to the ESRC, the Leverhulme Trust and the Fondazione Ivo Vanzi for financing the experiments discussed in this paper. I would also like to pay tribute to Patrizia Sbriglia, who has carried out much of the work on The Combination Race, and to Cristina Pitassi, who has worked with me on the Oligopoly Experiment discussed at the end of the paper. Finally, my especial thanks to Norman Spivey, for writing the software for two of the three experiments discussed here, and to Jo Hall for typing this paper faster than I could write it.