美国的新经济“新”在哪里

美国经济已连续９年持续增长，创下了自“二战”以来经济增长持续时间最长的记录。因此，一些专家将这一现象称为“新经济”。目前我国正处于经济飞速发展之时，为借鉴其经验，我们有必要对美国新经济的成因作一分析。 首先，美国“新经济”产生的根本原因是：科技领域的发展进步使美国经济结构发生了巨大变化。一个国家经济成功的关键在于能否准确地预测科技进步与世界经济发展的方向，能否正确地选择其经济发展中的主要工业部门。“二战”以后，日本的经济发展曾创下了世界奇迹，然而在过去的１０年中，日本在经济发展中迷失了自我，不能…     

香港新经济探讨

一、资讯科技革命是新经济的主 要内容和发展动力２０世纪９０年代初始於美国的以资讯科技 革命为特征和主要动力的“新经济”浪潮，在亚洲金融风暴后迅速席卷亚太区。“新经济”内含在理论界颇具争议，但越来越多的人开始接受“新经济”的说法则是一个事实。我们认为，现阶段“新经济”指的主要是由互联网的广泛运用所引起的生产、销售、消费、企业经营、管理与往来方式等一系列重大变革；这些变革大大降低了交易成本，总体上促进了企业的经营效率，提高了社会生产力，并且正在对国际间的经济联系、资本流动、经济周期、财政货币政策，以及…     

“新经济”之争

本文从美国经济长期增长趋势，经济“全球化”和“信息化”对美国经济的影响、通货膨胀率与失业率的关系以及经济半长因素等四个方面，详述了“旧经济学家”对新经济“及”新经济论“的质疑。它透露了这样一个信息：”新经济论“尚缺乏充分的经验验证和理论支持，传统的经济规律信然有效，欢呼”新经济“时代的到来还为时过早。     

财政政策和货币政策的组合

财政和货币政策是国家宏观调控的两大重要政策工具,二者既有联系又有区别,必须协调配合。为了实现经济稳定发展的目标,提高宏观调控的有效性,更好地维护我国在开放条件下的经济利益,必须进一步加强财政与货币政策之间的协调关系。     

“新经济”与农村发展

一、新经济理论的内容及特点随着我国加入WTO和世界经济一体化进程的加快,世界经济对我国的影响更为直接和深远。近年来,“新经济”在经济理论界带来了全新的观念,人们对它的研究也越来越深入和广泛。美国在一百多个月的长时间里实现了几乎没有通货膨胀、低失业率的经济增长,这种内涵与外延的高经济增长、高就业率、低通胀的“二高一低”现象,创造了世界一流的经济增长率和劳动生产率,经济学家们称之为“新经济”。新经济的主要内容有：①信息革命;②知识产业的迅速发展;③全球导向的经济;④对经济理论的巨大冲击使经济周期淡化…     

从中美“利差倒挂”看我国货币政策选择

2007年美国“次贷危机”逐渐浮出水面,这对于增长本已放缓的美国经济来说无疑是雪上加霜,美联储为了刺激经济、应对“次贷危机”的不良影响开始频繁、大幅降息。与美国遭遇经济滑坡境况不同,2007年中国经济持续快速增长,并出现了结构性价格上涨的现象,中国人民银行在“两防”政策的指导下,不断上调利率,存款准备金率。中美两国货币政策的反向操作导致了中美“利差倒挂”现象,并对我国经济在多方面产生不良影响。在这样的经济背景下,我国货币政策的应对方式将深刻影响我国的经济走势。     

美国“新经济”与我国宏观经济运行比较

一、美国“新经济”现象及其 原因剖析 自１９９１年３月份以来，美国经济进入持 续发展时期，到目前已经经历了近１０年的强劲增长，被经济学界称为奇特的“新经济”现象。虽然当前美国经济在某些方面出现了减速的征兆，但“长波理论”学家们认为，从１９８５年算起，美国经济的这一新增长周期将持续５０～６０年。美国新经济的主要特征是： 其一，高增长、微波动。美国自战后以来有３次较长的经济繁荣期，第一次是１９６１年３月～１９６９年１２月，历时１０６个月；第二次是１９８２年１２月～１９９０年７月，历时９２个月；第三次是１…     

美国新经济对中国经济发展的启示

美国“新经济”使美国国民经济基本上保持了约10年的持续、快速、健康的增长,这对我国今后国民经济保持持续、快速、健康忍气吞声发展有三点启求：后劲十足的科技创新、功能良好的股票市场和积极谨慎的货币政策。     

浅析我国财政货币政策与研究

财政政策和货币政策是国民经济宏观调控的两大重要工具,是政府调控经济的重要手段。本文正是通过回顾我国近十年来实施财政货币政策的历程,以及对当前我国宏观经济中存在的问题的分析,从而提出实施合理财政货币政策的建议。     

美国新经济的发展及其对我国的启示

“新经济”一词始见于90年代中期的美国，与之伴随的是美国经济123个月的持续增长。美国经济进入巅峰状态之际，新经济潮流迅猛，势不可挡。然而，新世纪开局，美国及世界经济遭遇增长减缓之痛，特别是“9·11”事件的发生将美国经济推进了阶段性调整的灰暗之隅。进入今年，美国经济以强劲之势走出低谷，出人意料地实现高增长，而对其背后成因的研究重新唤起世人对新经济的兴趣，其未来走向再度成为关注的焦点。依笔者之愚见，新经济只是大潮初起，其生命力蓬勃旺盛，前景看好。同时，新经济的发展亦对我国提出了诸多严肃的课题。与美国经济…     

Households savings in the U.S.A.

In this paper we study the saving behaviour of U.S.A. households. We use micro data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey from 1982 to 1995. We employ synthetic cohort techniques to characterize the life cycle profile of saving rates and other variables of interest. In particular, we pay attention to the distinction between mandatory saving and discretionary saving. We then relate our evidence to the recent policy debate on saving incentives and their usefulness.     

Refinery mix in the U.S., Canada,and the E.E.C.

This paper examines the response of gasoline's share of a barrel of crude oil to changes in relative petroleum product prices. An inter-country comparison of the U.S., Canada, and the E.E.C. allows investigation of different parts of the production possibility frontier. In the U.S. and Canada, with relatively large amounts of cracking capacity, there is price responsiveness of the product mix to changes in relative product prices. In the U.S., both residual and distillates are substitutes in production for gasoline, but for Canada, only distillate is a substitute. Part of this difference is attributed to the U.S. oil quota. For the E.E.C. with relatively small amounts of cracking capacity there was no discernible effect of product prices on product mix.     

德国电信集团在T．I．M．E．S市场中

德国电信是欧洲最大的电信公司之一。公司在德国以内以及世界上另外若干个选定的国家里提供各种最现代化的产品与服务——从高速网络接入服务到移动因特网以及其他种种。德国电信认为信息社会正在形成一个需求深不可测的新的通信市场,并称之为T．I.M.E.S,即电信(T)、信息技术与因特网(I)、多媒体与移动商务(M)、娱乐与电子商务(E)、系统解决办法与安全服务(S)。     

C.E.S. production functions in the light of the Cambridge critique

The Cambridge debate of the 1960s showed conclusively that the aggregation of capital, so as to obtain a surrogate production function according to Samuelson, is not possible in general, with critical implications also for other variants of neoclassical theory. The framework for the demonstration is that of linear activity analysis.There is an individual wage curve in function of the rate of profit for each technique. If these individual wage curves were straight lines, their envelope would define a wage curve resulting from all techniques, from which a surrogate production function could be derived, but all wage curves are straight only, if there is only one industry. And if wage curves are not straight, phenomena such as reswitching show that essential neoclassical hypotheses need not hold. A recent empirical investigation by Han and Schefold has found one empirical example for reswitching and several for reverse capital deepening.A rigorous derivation of surrogate production functions thus is ruled out also on empirical grounds, but the paradoxes seem not to be as frequent as the critics once thought, so that the question arises whether approximate surrogate production functions could be derived, with individual wage curves which would be sufficiently linear to construct approximate surrogate production functions, indicating a relationship between the intensity of capital and output per head which would be sufficiently precise to work with.The paper is part of a wider investigation, in which conditions for the existence of quasi-linear wage curves and the possibility of the construction of approximate surrogate production functions are given. The emphasis here is on the special hypotheses needed to obtain C.E.S. production functions.     

Gender earnings inequality in the service and manufacturing industries in the U.S.

This paper compares earnings inequality between women and men in a growing sector of the U.S. economy – the service sector, and a shrinking sector – manufacturing. We examine the hypothesis that deindustrialization will reduce inequality, and find that the absolute magnitude of the gender earnings gap is, in fact, smaller in the service sector. Decomposition analysis is used to partition the gender earnings gap into three parts: (1) earnings differences due to differences in mean characteristics – such as education and experience; (2) earnings differences due to preferential treatment of men; and (3) earnings differences due to disadvantageous treatment of women. The latter two constitute estimates of gender discrimination. The results of this study suggest that, ceteris paribus, deirndustrialization will likely reduce the gender gap in hourly earnings. However, this will come at the cost of lower earnings for both males and females, with the drop in earnings being particularly large for males. While deindustrialization is predicted to reduce the absolute magnitude of male-female earnings inequality, evidence suggests that gender discrimination will persist – discrimination explains about 60 percent of the gender wage gap in both the service and the manufacturing sectors.     

Nonlinearities in the U.S. wage Phillips curve

We examine the relationship between wage inflation and the unemployment rate in the U.S. economy for the 1964–2014 period by means of a three-regime threshold regression model. The estimated threshold parameters suggest that this relationship changes when the unemployment rate transitions between regimes defined by 5.61% and 7.63%. During mild recessions and their subsequent recoveries, the time-varying estimates of the model indicate a negative relationship between both variables, consistent with the implications of a wage Phillips curve (WPC) derived from the standard New Keynesian model with staggered wage setting in Galí (2011). However, we find that this relationship breaks down during deep recessions and their recovery periods, which explains the difference between wage inflation predicted by standard New Keynesian models and the observed low wage growth in the aftermath of the ‘Great Recession’. This finding and the fact that statistical tests strongly favor our three-regime model suggest that linear and two-regime models are insufficient to account for all the variability in the relationship between wage inflation and unemployment.