Dynamic Externalities and Policy Coordination

The paper introduces trade into dynamic models with externalities and capital accumulation, and evaluates the efficiency of the Cournot–Nash equilibrium. It considers mixed economies characterized by a blend of strategic and nonstrategic sectors. Also, there are two sources of interdependence: the existence of production externalities and the endogenous determination of market prices. It is shown that policy coordination is not needed when preferences are the same. In this case, the production externalities are internalized, so that an inefficient solution becomes the efficient integrated world equilibrium due to trade.     

Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns and International Coordination of Entry Policy

This paper presents a new model of monopolistic competition in which firms produce differentiated products under decreasing costs. This model is used to confirm and illustrate the limitations of the excess entry hypothesis, well known in the literature on industrial organization. The validity of the theorem is limited in the sense that it fails to hold in the present model if the properly defined degree of love for variety is sufficiently large. The model is extended to allow for intraindustry trade and to examine the conditions for gains (or losses) from trade in a two-country framework. It is shown how the degree of love for variety affects them. The significance and nature of international coordination of competition policy in the present setting is considered. The degree of love for variety is again shown to be of crucial importance in the characterization of the optimal policy coordination.     

货币政策、银行价格竞争与企业金融化——基于动态面板GMM模型的实证分析

近年来受经济环境与市场不确定性的影响,中国企业经营活动利润受到影响,而逐渐涉入金融化活动,以追求金融资产投资的利润.文章以2008-2019年沪深上市公司数据,实证研究货币政策对企业金融化的影响;与此同时,还考虑了商业银行价格竞争的调节作用,验证是否对货币政策与企业金融化之间有促进作用,并比较分析不同产权制度上市公司的差异.实证结果显示,货币宽松程度越大,上市公司的金融化程度越高,且民营企业的金融化速度明显高于国有企业;其次,银行价格竞争对民营企业在货币宽松环境下的金融化具有促进作用.     

政策扭曲与过度竞争:中国出口扩张的决定因素及其绩效

从市场竞争机制和政府政策调控两个角度出发,对我国出口扩张的形成机制进行理论分析和经验验证.结论显示,我国出口依赖于"政策扭曲-过度进入-出口扩张"这一演化路径.对出口扩张的绩效研究表明,这种模式虽然通过技术升级带来了全要素生产率的提升,但并没有带来非物化的技术效率提升.     

信用本位、对称竞争与国际货币多元化

运用博弈论的方法分析对称竞争性国际货币多元化体系的稳定性问题可知,在信用本位的背景下,建立在对称竞争基础上的国际货币多元化体系具有内生的稳定性。欧元、日元、英镑和人民币作为国际货币,虽在其背后均存在不同形武的发展障碍,但其均具有成为与美元并重的对称竞争性国际货币的可能性。     

A New Dynamic Trade Model of Increasing Returns and Monopolistic Competition

This paper formulates a two‐country by two‐factor by two‐good dynamic Chamberlin–Heckscher–Ohlin model of international trade with endogenous time preferences. After proving the existence, uniqueness and local saddle‐point stability of the steady state, we examine the relationship between initial factor endowment and trade patterns in the steady state. It will be shown that (i) given that the representative household in each country supplies an equal amount of labor, only intra‐industry trade occurs in the steady state and (ii) other things being equal, the country with higher labor efficiency becomes the net exporter of the labor‐intensive good.     

Development Policy Lending, Conditionality, and Ownership: A Dynamic Agency Model Perspective

Is the World Bank's Development Policy Lending likely to enhance ownership and have greater effectiveness than structural adjustment? We specify a dynamic common agency model in which a government considering economic reform faces domestic opposition from interest groups. The dynamic specification, which is original in the context of policy reforms supported by the International Financial Institutions (IFIs), is essential to allow the strength of special interest groups to arise endogenously during the reform process. We show that conditionality may alter the country's political equilibrium and lead to higher social welfare. However, under certain circumstances which depend on country‐specific circumstances, conditional assistance could lead to lower social welfare. Thus, for conditionality not to be inconsistent with ownership, its design must be appropriate to the country circumstances and directly affect the domestic political constraint.     

货币错配与政府、企业行为

本文尝试就我国经济运行过程中因货币错配所引起的政府和企业的净资产或净负债进而效用函数发生改变问题,针对这两大主体的行为方式转变及由此对宏观经济运行所产生的影响,进行了机理性的描述,并根据分析结果进一步就如何减轻货币错配对各经济主体行为的影响做了探讨.     

Mass Media Competition, Political Competition, and Public Policy

If better informed voters receive favourable policies, then mass media will affect policy because mass media provide most of the information people use in voting. This paper models the incentives of the media to deliver news to different groups. The increasing-returns-to-scale technology and advertising financing of media firms induce them to provide more news to large groups, such as taxpayers and dispersed consumer interests, and groups that are valuable to advertisers. This news bias alters the trade-off in political competition and therefore introduces a bias in public policy. The paper also discusses the effects of broadcast media replacing newspapers as the main information source about politics. The model predicts that this change should raise spending on government programmes used by poor and rural voters.     

动态能力、协同知识创新和企业持续竞争力的关系研究

在知识经济和协同商务环境下,动态能力、协同知识创新和企业持续竞争力三者之间存在着较强的正向关联作用。通过对动态能力、协同知识创新和企业持续竞争力概念的理论分析,提出了三者之间的关系机理框架模型。该模型以环境动荡性为输入变量,将动态能力和协同知识创新这两个富有动态性的概念融合起来,揭示了它们对企业持续竞争力的相互作用关系,认为企业应力求使三者之间相互协调和促进,并通过开展协同知识创新活动来提高其动态能力,以有效增强和发展企业的持续竞争力。     

Dynamic Model for Market Competition and Price Rigidity

This article presents a price floor model in which durability, unit costs and production period are factors in explaining price rigidity. This article elaborates that cost structure plays an essential role in resolving the inconclusive relationship between market concentration and price rigidity. When the industry is characterized by decreasing returns of scale, the degree of price flexibility decreases as market competition intensifies. The reverse is true when the industry exhibits increasing returns of scale. The factors that cause price rigidity also foster price adjustment asymmetry and price adjustment lag. During times of recession, the model exhibits upward price flexibility as costs increase, but downward price rigidity as costs decrease. Even under forward-looking expectations, the way in which firms adjust prices could look as though they have adaptive expectations. If price stickiness is a characteristic of market competition, then public policies determined by price level could be too drastic for firms in competitive markets.     

竞争、效仿与政策创新

本文描述和评论了政策创新文献,评估了他们的整体贡献。政策推广的研究来源于某种共享的信念,政策推广研究有变量研究和过程研究,它们之间是可以互相学习的。本文解释了在美国为什么有些州首先接受新的观念而其他的州却落在后面,论述了政策推广的内在决定因素和外在条件。     

人民币生成储备货币的政策选择

本文认为一个小国的货币生成国际储备货币只有三个必要条件,而一个大国的货币生成储备货币还须附加一个条件.根据这些生成条件和我国的现实情况,人民币生成储备货币的政策选择应该是先升值,然后实行由市场定价的浮动汇率;先让人民币生成储备货币,再实现完全自由兑换.     

Currency Crises, Monetary Policy and Corporate Balance Sheets

Abstract. This paper studies how the exposure of a country's corporate sector to interest rate and exchange rate changes affects the probability of a currency crisis. To analyze this question, we present a model that defines currency crises as situations in which the costs of maintaining a fixed exchange rate exceed the costs of abandonment. The results show that a higher exposure to interest rate changes increases the probability of crisis through an increased need for output loss compensation and an increased efficacy of monetary policy in stimulating output. A higher exposure to exchange rate changes also increases the need for output loss compensation. However, it lowers the efficacy of monetary policy in stimulating output through the adverse balance sheet effects of exchange rate depreciation. As a result, its effect on the probability of crisis is ambiguous.     

金融政策与财政政策配合模式的选择

金融政策与财政政策的密切配合，是确保经济健康运行发展的保证。本文就二者的配合问题进行了探讨。     

论国际货币体系的协调与合作

稳定、有效而公平的国际货币体系有赖于国际间的协调与合作。国际协调的成本分担取决于国家间相互依存关系的不对称性和某些结构性因素。因此,要树立将中国建成世界经济金融主导性强国的战略目标,才能在协调中争取主动,获得更多的利益。     

Fiscal Coordination and Political Competition

This contribution investigates fiscal coordination in the framework of two countries asymmetric in respect of their capital–labor endowment. When tax policies are decided by majority voting inside each country, and they are not coordinated at a supranational level, factors of production are inefficiently allocated, at equilibrium. Our main result shows that fiscal coordination, via a minimum capital tax, does not always lead to a Pareto–improvement for the median voter's welfare, with respect to the noncooperative outcome.     

人民币汇率制度与进出口的稳定性

一个开放经济体选择钉住汇率制产生的经济利益主要表现为可以消除汇率波动引起的不确定性及交易成本节省的费用。但本文通过理论和实证分析认为 ,由于中美两国间微弱的经济联系和两国内部发展存在很大差异 ,中国无法获得这种利益。相反却由于我国大多数贸易伙伴 (或竞争 )国都采取了灵活的汇率制度 ,钉住汇率制导致我国对这些国家的汇率随美元被动波动 ,影响了进出口的稳定性 ,限制了支出转换政策的灵活使用