填料对曝气生物滤池影响的概述

曝气生物滤池是一种新型的污水处理工艺,而填料作为曝气生物滤池最关键影响因素引起广泛关注。本文简单介绍了曝气生物滤池的工艺原理。填料的选择是滤池设计和出水水质的关键因素。填科技术在曝气生物滤池工艺中居核心地位。填料的类型、粒径、密度、高度对曝气生物滤池的效能有重要影响。同时展望了填料在今后的研究方向。     

曝气生物滤池及其填料作用机理

介绍了曝气生物滤池及其填料的应用情况和研究进展,对曝气生物滤池反应动力学以及其填料作用机理等方面的研究进展进行了研究,概述了影响曝气生物滤池运行的主要因素,同时提出了今后曝气生物滤池的发展方向。     

影响曝气生物滤池处理小区生活污水效果因素的研究

从工程的角度对曝气生物滤池处理小区生活污水效果因素进行研究,考察了曝气生物滤池对SS、CODCr、NH4^＋-N的去除率及运行参数和环境因素的影响。     

曝气生物滤池研究应用进展及应用前景展望

文章总结了国内近几年对曝气生物滤池在污水处理、微污染源水预处理、污水深度处理及回用处理方面的研究进展和应用情况,同时提出了曝气生物滤池今后的研究方向。     

沙营污水处理厂处理设施运行现状调研

沙营污水厂采用水解酸化+两级曝气生物滤池工艺,采用鼓风曝气的充氧方式,在气水更充分接触的同时,强化硝化效果,保证污水在一级曝气生物滤池中去除BOD5的基础上,二级曝气生物滤池强化硝化保证除氨氮效果。近三年的监测数据分析可知,沙营污水处理厂水质化学需氧量、总磷的超标率逐年下降,年平均去除率逐渐上升,污水处理厂的运行效果呈变好趋势。     

曝气污水处理中生物滤池技术的应用研究

随着国民经济的不断增长,科学技术的不断创新,社会各界人士开始高度关注生态环保建设问题。曝气生物滤池技术应用作为污水治理过程中的重中之重,是一项必不可缺的关键内容,直接关系到污水处理的综合质量和效率。曝气生物技术是一种将生物氧化机理与深床过滤机理有效融合在一起的新型污水生物处理技术。污水处理厂要想充分发挥该项技术的作用,就必须积极优化改善曝气生物滤池工艺体系,有效拓宽其适用范围。文章对曝气污水处理中生物滤池技术的应用展开了分析与探讨。     

COBR工艺在石化污水深度处理中的应用

采用催化臭氧氧化和内循环曝气生物滤池组合工艺(COBR)对常规生化处理出水进行深度处理。试验表明:在进水COD平均100mg/L、臭氧投加量10mg/L、催化氧化停留时间2 h和曝气生物滤池停留时间3 h条件下,出水COD≤50mg/L,去除率达60%以上。     

浅析曝气生物滤池技术在污水厂中水处理中的应用

BAF——曝气生物滤池是20世纪80年代开发的一种新型污水处理技术,它克服了活性污泥法占地面积大,易散发臭气及运行不稳定等缺点而备受关注。目前,全世界建成运行的曝气生物滤池已达几百座。     

曝气生物滤池技术在再生水处理中的应用分析

随着曝气生物滤池技术的出现,且广泛运用于工业废水、生活污水等处理流程中,水资源得以高效利用,避免出现浪费的情况,有利于生态化城市的构建。对此,本研究以曝气生物滤池技术为切入点,以工程实例的方式简要分析了其在再生水处理中的具体应用及效果。     

聚丙烯发泡粒子在水处理中的应用

本文对生物滤池填料的选择进行了研究,对几种填料物理性质、填料非生物因素吸附CODCr、填料静态挂膜和以模拟城市生活污水(COD值在150~250)为处理对象,采用自制的简易生物滤池,模拟曝气生物滤池运行参数,对新型生物填料进行去除有机物和氨氮的试验研究。实验表明,研究选用的生物滤料具有较好的孔隙率(99.6%),但表面粗糙度和密度都较小不利于生物膜的附着,滤料荷电性等表面性质也不利于微生物成长。在进水pH 7~8,DO维持在8~9mg/L的情况下,虽然COD和NH4-N去除率最高达到70%~80%,但稳定状态难以保持。因此,聚丙烯材料填料在未改变其发泡和加工工艺前难以满足曝气生物滤池工艺的需要。     

The Theory of Socially Embedded Games: The Mathematics of Social Relationships,Rule Complexes,and Action Modalities

In their classic work, Von Neumann and Morgensterndefined a game as simply the totality of the rules which describe it. Theydid not, however, elaborate a theory of rules. Such considerations lead toconceptualizing rules and rule configurations as mathematical objects, specifyingthe principles for combining rules, developing the theory of revising,replacing, and, in general transforming rules and rule complexes. Themathematics is based on contemporary developments at the interface ofmathematics, logic, and computer science. This article, drawing on themathematical theory of rules and rule complexes, extends and generalizes gametheory (GGT). The theory of rule complexes is used to conceptualize andanalyze diverse social relationships, roles, and games as particulartypes of rule complexes. A social role, for instance, is the major basisof an individual's action in a game. It consists of at least four majorcomponents – which are mathematical objects – in the determinationof action: value complex, model of reality (including beliefs and knowledgebases), a repertoire of acts, routines, programs, and strategies, and modalities,role-specific algorithms for determininig or generating action in gamesettings. The article focuses on three types of action modality routineor habitual, normative, andinstrumental modalities. The theory: (1) provides a cultural/institutionalbasis for a theory of gameswhere games, social relationships, and rolesare formalized in terms of rule complexes; (2) explains human action as a formof rule application or rule-following action, which underlies allmodalities of action; (3) formulates the theory that actors construct an action or make choices amongalternative actions by making comparisons and judging similarity (ordissimilarity) between an option or options considered and their norms and values,and, in general, determine whether or not, and to what degree, a value,norm, or goal will be realized or satisfied; (4)reconceptualizes ``game' as a social form and makes a distinction between open and closed games.     

电子音乐流派的社会变革(英文)

从社会和政治变化、电子音乐流派的发展,形成了电子音乐,科学和技术的发展对电子音乐有重大的影响。他们是四个不同历史时期的发展——未来派,法西斯主义,达达派、电子音乐的时期。从最早使用:麦架,嘘声,窃窃私语,爆炸等。音乐和表达感情的表现,在阶级斗争,政治变革和经济危机、发展迅速的电子音乐,用在许多不同的零件,例如播放音乐、电影、电视等,都成了一个必不可少的组成部分的音乐市场。     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

浅谈接触网软横跨工程施工技术优化与应用

本文主要通过接触网软横跨工程传统的施工技术的进行分析、试验、对比优化改进,通过测量、数据采集、计算、预制及安装调试等步骤分析、总结,创新和完善了软横跨施工技术。充分的证实了软横跨优化创新后的施工技术,在接触网工程施工过程中起到了一次到位良好的效果,缩短工期,避免了重复用工,提高了工效,在今后中国电气化铁路接触网新建、大修、扩建及改建工程中具有很强的推广意义。     

Engineering Cities: Mediating Materialities,Infrastructural Imaginaries and Shifting Regimes of Urban Expertise

This symposium opens up new critical insights and analytical perspectives into the relationships between power, politics, materiality and urban engineering. In so doing it demonstrates the central role of engineers in the production and negotiation of everyday life in the city. In contrast to the technocratic exercise engineering often professes to be, the contributors to this symposium argue that the assembling and choreography of cities through the myriad techniques, routines, standards and visions of engineers is inextricably bound up with broader socio‐cultural, material and political urban dynamics and processes. This necessitates investigating the multiple and competing social imaginations, forms of knowledge and regimes of expertise associated with urban engineering. The symposium's five articles, straddling disciplinary backgrounds in geography, anthropology, engineering and history, focus analytical and empirical attention on the figure of the engineer and on the work of engineering in the cities of Paris, Mumbai, Singapore and London. Engineering, we suggest, is a diagnostic for probing the shifting forms of mediation that animate and inhabit contemporary dynamics of urban change. The symposium thus opens up a new avenue for cross‐disciplinary and transregional research for urban studies while also suggesting innovative ways of conceptualizing urban transformation and contestation.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.     

浅论保险与理财

随着财富的增加,人们越来越意识到保险的重要性,但是许多人仍不清楚保险与理财的关系,以及如何使用保险产品。本文从保险与理财的关系出发,阐述了保险规划的流程,并详细分析了保险理财中应注意保险的本质、功能、社会保险的意义、购买保险的目的以及把握购买时机等问题。     

公路工程施工组织设计探析

近些年,国家对基础性建设的投入越来越大,我们的公路建设也日益增多。公路工程是一项综合性、系统性较强的工程,是集路基、路面、路线、桥涵、隧道等于一体的综合体系。随着经济社会的发展和施工工艺的不断进步,人们对公路工程的要求也更加严格。为了保证公路建设的正常施工,就需要工程设计按时按量完成。而如何处理好质量与工期的矛盾则是公路设计者面临的难题。本文对公路工程设计的重要性,步骤等进行一个分析研究。