实体企业金融化对企业价值的影响

选取2010—2017年A股上市公司面板数据,研究实体企业金融化对企业价值的影响,探究企业金融化—投资效率—企业价值的作用路径,分析融资约束水平在金融化程度与企业价值之间的异质性作用。结果表明：出于市场套利动机,实体企业金融化与企业价值之间呈现“倒U型”关系。投资效率在实体企业金融化影响企业价值过程中发挥中介效应;当融资约束较高时,金融化程度正向影响企业价值;当融资约束较低时,金融化程度负向影响企业价值。     

企业社会责任与高管变更交互影响研究——基于A股上市公司的经验证据

作为利益相关者的代理人,公司高管变动会影响利益相关者关系以及战略决策与实施,进而影响企业社会责任承担。同时,企业社会责任扮演着向利益相关者传递信号的角色,当高管不能够满足其契约诉求时则面临着较高的被变更风险。本文将高管变更区分为非常规变更和常规变更两类,考察了在不同产权性质上市公司中不同类型高管变更与企业社会责任间的交互影响。研究发现:国企中,当期非常规高管变更显著负向影响当期企业社会责任承担水平,而当期企业社会责任承担水平对当期高管变更影响不显著;非国企中,当期两类高管变更均对当期企业社会责任承担水平产生负向影响,而当期企业社会责任承担水平低会导致当期非常规高管变更。结果表明:企业社会责任与高管变更之间存在一定程度的交互影响。     

会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响

会计信息不对称是会计信息在不同利益相关者之间的信息分布不同,它会对社会产生较大的危害.市场经济条件下,建筑施工企业的财务活动日益丰富,也日渐复杂,并在建筑施工企业整个经营管理工作中处于举足轻重的地位,其成效如何,直接关系到建筑施工企业的兴衰成败.本文就"会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响"这个课题进行探讨.首先分析了会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响.其次,从实现施工企业会计管理制度化;加强企业各阶层特别是管理决策层的预算管理理论学习;结合施工企业实际情况,建立一套行之有效的内部控制制度;在企业中应用成本预测方法等方面就如何降低施工企业会计信息不对称的程度提出了自己的看法和建议,具有一定的参考价值.     

管理层业绩报酬敏感度、内部现金流与企业投资行为——对自由现金流和信息不对称理论的一个检验

本文考察了业绩报酬敏感度对企业内部现金流与投资行为之间关系的影响。文章发现投资现金流敏感度不仅受到内外部信息不对称导致的融资约束的影响,而且受到了股东-经理代理问题的影响,但是信息不对称理论的解释力度相对较强。另外,投资现金流敏感度和管理层业绩报酬敏感度之间的关系受到公司控股股东所有权性质的影响。     

会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响

会计信息不对称是会计信息在不同利益相关者之间的信息分布不同,它会对社会产生较大的危害。市场经济条件下,建筑施工企业的财务活动日益丰富,也日渐复杂,并在建筑施工企业整个经营管理工作中处于举足轻重的地位,其成效如何,直接关系到建筑施工企业的兴衰成败本文就“会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响”这个课题进行探讨,首先分析了会计信息不对称对施工企业的影响,其次,从实现施工企业会计管理制度化;加强企业各阶层特别是管理决策层的预算管理理论学习;结合施工企业实际情况,建立一套行之有效的内部控制制度：在企业中应用成本预测方法等方面就如何降低施工企业会计信息不对称的程度提出了自己的看法和建议．具有一定的参考价值。     

环境规制对企业绿色投资的门槛效应及异质性研究

本文以2010—2017年我国重污染行业上市公司数据为样本,通过面板门限模型实证研究了行业环境规制强度对于企业绿色投资的门槛效应,同时探究了这一影响在不同规模企业之间的异质性。研究结果显示:环境规制与企业绿色投资之间呈现倒U形的非线性关系。当环境规制小于一个临界值时,它与企业绿色投资之间呈正向关系,当环境规制超过这个临界值时,它与绿色投资之间呈反向关系;进一步分析发现,企业规模在小于第一个临界值时,环境规制对其绿色投资有促进作用,当介于第一个临界值和第二个临界值之间时,环境规制对于企业绿色投资有抑制作用,当大于第二个临界值时,环境规制对于企业绿色投资无显著影响。本文研究结果的启示是:政府在进行环境规制时也应该因企业制宜,同时找到环境规制的有效区间来发挥政策的最优潜力。     

企业社会责任信息披露与资本成本的互动关系——基于信息不对称视角的一个分析框架

信息不对称是增加企业资本成本的一个重要因素,企业社会责任信息披露有助于降低信息不对称,从而降低资本成本,但该作用的发挥受制于企业是否真实、适当地进行了社会责任信息披露;而基于较低的资本成本约束,企业社会责任信息披露动机、水平和质量也会受到影响,企业社会责任信息披露与资本成本之间存在互动关系。     

财政依赖与地区减贫增收——基于国家级贫困县面板数据的实证研究

财政专项扶贫资金是脱贫攻坚战的"保障钱",但也在一定程度上引起贫困县的财政依赖,这是否会对地区减贫增收效应产生影响?本文基于2013-2018年全国592个国家级贫困县的面板数据,采用固定效应模型和工具变量法识别贫困县财政依赖对地区减贫增收的影响,在此基础上,进一步探究县委书记贫困经历是否影响贫困县财政依赖与地区减贫增收之间的关系.研究发现:(1)国家级贫困县对于上级政府财政扶贫资金的依赖程度越高,对地区农民收入水平提高产生的抑制作用越大;(2)国家级贫困县财政依赖程度不同、所属区域不同,以及是否处于少数民族省区,均会导致贫困县财政依赖对地区减贫增收的影响存在异质性;(3)当国家级贫困县县委书记具有贫困经历,其所管辖地区的财政依赖所造成的降低农民收入水平的影响会得到有效改善,该调节效应主要通过工业发展、医疗卫生和社会福利三个渠道起作用.本文不仅从财政依赖的视角拓展了国家级贫困县减贫增收效应的研究,而且对于调整优化扶贫政策、建立健全防止返贫长效机制具有一定的启示意义.     

地标农产品众筹支持者参与动机及参与意愿影响因素研究

农业众筹作为新型的农业融资方式,支持者的参与意愿受到诸多因素的影响。选取地标农产品众筹项目为研究对象,从支持者心理动机的角度出发,实证分析功利动机、享乐动机与地标农产品众筹参与意愿的关系,以及时间偏好和品牌知名度对其调节作用。结果显示:支持者的功利动机和享乐动机均对地标农产品众筹参与意愿有正向影响,品牌知名度正向调节享乐动机和参与意愿的关系,负向调节功利动机和参与意愿的关系;同时,时间偏好作为消费者个性特征,在功利动机、享乐动机和众筹参与意愿之间的调节作用是非线性的。最后,根据研究结论提出地标农产品众筹项目的营销建议。     

俄罗斯经济危机对中国的影响

俄罗斯在任何方面都不会依赖中国,双边的合作是互利的,不存在单方面的依赖,只能是"相互依赖"。对于俄罗斯而言,可能会在西方制裁的情况下在政策上向中国有些倾斜,或者扩大一点儿与中国的合作,但还远远没有到"依赖"的程度随着油价下跌和卢布的贬值,不少西方媒体都猜测,俄罗斯可能会在经济上更加"依赖"中国。而对于中国而言,是否真的能"拯救"俄罗斯呢?卢布贬值对中国产生了哪些影响呢?     

Management control systems as inter-organizational trust builders in evolving relationships: Evidence from a longitudinal case study

Research on inter-organizational relationships argues that at mature stages, when trust has reached a high level, it will be damaged by new management control systems (MCSs). This longitudinal case study provides evidence to the contrary: in an open-ended and evolving relationship, even when trust is well established, MCSs can build it. High trust provides a platform where success encourages the partners to cooperate further, demanding, in turn, more MCSs and greater levels of trust to support cooperation. By providing evidence with a greater appearance of objectivity than informal controls can yield, action and result controls improve partners’ perception of each other’s trustworthiness, and build competence and goodwill-based trust. MCSs are used not only to supervise but also to coordinate, and this second, more salient function avoids possible suspicions that could damage trust.     

业绩预告披露与盈余管理研究

盈余管理存在的根本原因在于投资者与管理层之间的信息不对称。业绩预告作为上市公司未来经营成果、财务状况与现金流量的预测,在很大程度上会影响投资者对上市公司的评估及其投资决策。从业绩预告披露的特征方面出发,研究业绩预告披露与盈余管理之间的关系,包括业绩预告的性质、预告精确度、预告误差分别与盈余管理程度的关系,结果发现：发布业绩预告的公司,盈余管理水平更高。预告精确度以及预告期间与预测当期盈余管理水平正相关,预测误差与盈余管理水平负相关。当消息类型不同的时候,预测的强制性与否以及＂变脸＂对盈余管理水平的影响不同。结论支持了上市公司财务报告迎合业绩预告披露的说法。     

Does trust matter for the cost of bank loans?

This paper extends the literature related to the role of trust on economic activity, focusing on the influence of trust on lender-borrower relationships and analysing its effect on the interest rate spread for a sample of 20,699 loans from 47 countries over the period 2003–2018. We consider not just the role of trust, but also how its effect is moderated by the country's legal enforcement and degree of economic development. The results show that trust has no effect on loan spreads. However, trust is found to reduce loan spreads when a country's formal institutions are weak, in line with the existence of a substitutive effect between formal and informal institutions in reducing interest rates. As regards the degree of economic development, our results show that both trust and legal enforcement have a greater influence on the interest rate spread of bank loans in countries with a lower level of economic development.     

Information Asymmetry and Earnings Management: Some Evidence

This paper conducts an empirical investigation of the relationship between information asymmetry and earnings management predicted by Dye (1988) and Trueman and Titman (1988). When information asymmetry is high, stakeholders do not have sufficient resources, incentives, or access to relevant information to monitor manager's actions, which gives rise to the practice of earnings management (Schipper, 1989; Warfield et al., 1995). Empirical results suggest a systematic relationship between the magnitude of information asymmetry and the level of earnings management in two different settings.     

When paranoia makes sense

On September 11, 2001, in the space of a few horrific minutes, Americans realized the fragility of trust. The country's evident vulnerability to deadly terrorism rocked our faith in the systems we rely on for security. Our trust was shaken again only a few months later with the stunning collapse of Enron, forcing us to question many of the methods and assumptions underpinning the way we work. These two crises are obviously very different, yet both serve as reminders of the perils of trusting too much. The abiding belief that trust is a strength now seems dangerously naive. This new doubtfulness runs contrary to most management literature, which has traditionally touted trust as an organizational asset. It's an easy case to make. When there are high levels of trust, employees can fully commit themselves to the organization because they can be confident that their efforts will be recognized and rewarded. Trust also means that leaders don't have to worry so much about putting the right spin on things. They can act and speak forthrightly and focus on essentials. In short, trust is an organizational superglue. Nevertheless, two decades of research on trust and cooperation in organizations have convinced social psychologist Roderick Kramer that--despite its costs--distrust can be beneficial in the workplace. Kramer has observed that a moderate form of suspicion, which he calls prudent paranoia, can in many cases prove highly beneficial to the distrustful individual or organization. In this article, he describes situations in which prudent paranoia makes sense and shows how, when properly deployed, it can serve as a powerful morale booster--even a competitive weapon--for organizations.     

声誉机制、信任机制与小额信贷

小额信贷之所以在不需要抵押担保的情况下也能为借款者放款,究其原因,除了贷款者所实施的信贷规范起到了降低风险的作用以外,建立在"声誉效应"基础上的信任机制作用的发挥起到了关键性的作用,如果借贷双方以及借款联保小组成员间缺乏基本的信任,那么合作行为是不会出现的.本文对建立在声誉效应基础上的信任机制所发挥的作用进行动态博弈分析,在此基础上根据实地调研的数据进行实证剖析,提出了通过借贷双方长期博弈建立信任关系、不断投入资源以维护信任机制、发挥农业保险与专业组织的作用降低农户经营风险等政策建议.     

Trust and affect: how do they impact risk information seeking in a health context?

This study examines college students’ intention to seek information about the H1N1 flu vaccine. We specifically focused on the relationship between trust and affect and whether they work together to influence risk information seeking. Results indicated that positive affect moderated the relationship between trust and information seeking, but negative affect did not. While both positive affect and negative affect influenced risk information seeking, when combined with trust, only positive affect remained as a significant predictor. These results suggest that by understanding the role that trust and affect play, medical professionals and disease control agencies can tailor their communication efforts to increase an individual’s intention to seek information about preventive measures. Specifically, maintaining the public’s trust and positive feelings toward these entities is key to successful communication about prevention measures such as vaccination.     

The influence of chronic and temporary accessibility on trust and policy support

Abstract

Food is very closely related to our everyday life and consumers are intolerable to food risk. The impact of media report on food risk perception has been addressed but more elaborated approach on consumers’ cognitive process of food risk perception via media is needed. Theoretically guided by accessibility theory, we examined the relationship between consumers’ perception of food risk (i.e. food schema), media use, media frame, trust, and policy support. Furthermore, anger was employed as a mediating variable influencing on trust and policy support. Results found that the level of media use had a significant positive effect on trust and policy support. Among the media frames, the government responsibility frame and corporate responsibility frame were shown to be negative predictors for trust and policy support. As for the food schema, checking schema was the most influential negative factor on trust and policy support. Anger was found to exert a negative effect on trust and policy support but this effect decreased if the level of trust was high. In terms of the relationship between media frames and the food schema on anger, most food schema reduced the strong positive effects of the media frame on anger. This means peoples’ anger induced by media frames can be diminished by individuals’ specific food schema. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Ownership concentration, voluntary disclosures and information asymmetry in New Zealand

This paper investigates the impact of different classes of ownership concentration on information asymmetry conditional upon corporate voluntary disclosures in New Zealand. The current paper attempts to extend this stream of research by incorporating three mutually exclusive ownership structures and considering the interactive relationship between such ownership structures and corporate voluntary disclosures. Results reveal that ownership concentration in general is significantly positively associated with bid-ask spreads (proxy for information asymmetry) observed around annual report release dates. This finding supports the adverse selection hypothesis and importantly this effect is found to be most pronounced for financial institutions and management-controlled ownership categories. When voluntary disclosure is taken into account, the findings demonstrate that disclosures significantly attenuate information asymmetry risk associated with ownership concentration. This effect is particularly pronounced for firms with management-controlled ownership structures. The findings highlight the importance of corporate disclosures under concentrated ownership structures especially management-controlled ownership structures in reducing information asymmetry and enhancing market efficiency in New Zealand.     

Shared auditors,social trust,and relationship-specific investment in the supply chain

An auditor common to a supplier and customer may serve an information role, reduce information asymmetry, or mitigate a potential hold-up problem in the supply chain. The information role of shared auditors could be more important in a lax institutional environment where a lack of trust exists between the supplier and customer. Using a sample of listed firms in China from 2009 to 2015, we find that (1) a shared auditor enhances the supplier’s relationship-specific investment (RSI), and (2) this positive association is stronger when the customer is located in a region with lower trust. We also document an incremental effect of a shared audit partner on enhancing the supplier’s RSI in addition to the effect of a shared auditor at the audit firm level. Additional analyses suggest that a shared auditor alleviates information asymmetry between the supplier and customer and hence improves the supplier’s RSI. A shared auditor particularly improves the supplier’s RSI when the customer is limited in its legal protection, which validates the usefulness of this unique research setting (China) for studying the information role of shared auditors. By extending the research on shared auditors and social trust, this paper provides a reference for companies that wish to explore the role of auditors in enhancing RSI in the supply chain.