中国经济结构与贸易增长方式蜕变

2009年中国经济从底谷走向复苏,2010年中国经济面临更加困难的局面,经济结构与贸易增长方式面临颓变。一、中国经济在寒冬中V型复苏我们在《全球100个国家国际贸易投资风险指数》（ITIRI2009）中,曾预测2009年后期中国经济V型复苏。继2009年10月美国经济复苏之后,2009年12月中国经济增长、价格转正,中国经济在寒风中V型复苏。     

A股的不确定因素越来越多

目前中国经济正处在30年来最困难的时期。一方面,美国次债危机引发美国、欧洲金融危机,并且开始影响到其实体经济;另一方面,经过30年的高速增长,推动经济增长的原有模式已经走入死胡同,中国经济增长正处于转型期。上述因素同时叠加,2009年中国的经济形势将会很严峻。     

国外

<正>世行预计今年中国GDP增9.5%房产投资贡献大增世界银行日前预测,2010年中国GDP增长率为9.5%,经济增长结构将发生明显改变,房地产投资对经济的贡献率将大幅提高。尽管处于全球衰退的环境中,中国经济在2009年仍实现了8.7%的高增长。这一增长势头在今年头     

贸易进出口,FDI对经济增长方式的影响

本文以全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献率作为经济增长方式衡量指标,对1995~2009年中国经济增长方式的变化特征进行了实证分析,从总体上考察出口,进口和FDI对经济增长方式的影响。研究表明:从长期来看出口数量与我国经济增长方式转变负相关,即出口规模越大越倾于粗放型增长;进口数量与我国经济增长方式转变正相关,即进口规模越大越倾向于集约型增长;FDI与我国经济增长方式转变负相关。     

政策推动经济增长

受全球金融危机影响,2008年下半年以来,中国经济增长呈加速下滑趋势,2009年上半年经济下滑的趋势还将继续,但是2009年下半年,扩张性政策对经济增长将产生明显影响,经济增速回升,呈“U”型增长。     

“增八”保卫战的三个关键

<正>在全球经济衰退的2009年,中国经济8%的增长应该是有保证的。美国、欧洲、日本经济全面进入衰退,恶劣的外部环境使得中国经济也风云突变。中国政府4万亿拉动经济的方案,已经     

2008—2009：国际金融危机下的中国经济分析与预测

本文分析了中国改革开放以来的四个经济增长周期,认为2008年在美国次贷危机引起的国际金融危机影响下,中国经济开始进入了第五个周期。文章较为全面地分析了2008年中国经济形势,并对2009年中国经济增长趋势进行了分析和预测。     

占领产业高端 促进经济转型

中国经济从2003至2007年，连续5年增长率在10％以上，2009年，全球经济出现了二战之后的首次负增长，中国的经济增速仍保持了8．7％，拉动世界经济增长大约0．6个百分点，直接减缓了世界经济衰退的幅度。     

2008—2009年经济形势分析与展望

“2008年是中国经济运行由升转降的一年。这种变化既由于美国经济和世界经济变化的影响，更主要的是数年来宏观调控效果的综合体现。可以认为，2008年中国经济增长的转折性变化，不是市场自发调节的结果，而是政府主动调控的结果。由于中国经济增长潜力巨大，因此只要政策调整适度，经济增长就不会发生深度下调。在此基础上2009年中国经济将走上更为稳健的发展轨道。”     

世界银行亚太地区经济展望

近期形势2009年,东亚与太平洋地区的GDP增长7.1%,比2008年8.5%的强劲增速适度回落。但是,如果将中国从东亚总值中予以排除,其经济增速则从2008年的     

Finance for SMEs: A U.K. Perspective

This paper provide an overview of recent trends in the financing of smaller businesses in the U.K. It refers in particular to the findings of a major recent programme of work in this area funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, in which the author participated. This programme included the first national survey to address these issues since the Bolton Report of 1971, as well as a range of projects covering the finance of ethnic businesses and hi-tech firms as well as the market for informal venture capital. On the basis of this work and of the results of more recent follow up surveyors it is concluded that the evidence for general equity or debt gaps in the U.K. is weak. If anything SME funding was too easy in the boom of the late 1980s. It is argued that consideration could be given to the promotion through seedcorn funding of SME co-operative or mutual guarantee schemes to reduce information asymmetry in U.K. credit markets.     

Organisational Structure and Internal Control in the UK Insurance Industry

A significant body of literature supports the superiority of the multidivisional organisational structure for the management of a diversified enterprise. However recent research has cast doubt on the widespread existence of optimally organised multidivisional firms and has suggested that, in practice, what is observed is a hybrid type of administrative structure. This paper focuses on the extent and nature of divisionalisation within UK insurance companies. Such companies are of particular interest for two reasons. First, changes in organisational structure have been recent and, second, the companies tend to operate in related areas of business. The results herein support the notion that a hybrid structure is more prevalent since the evidence presented suggests that where divisionalisation exists it is sub-optimal.     

Prehospital trauma care evolution,practice and controversies: need for a review

Abstract

Modern medicine and surgery is historically very recent, and most interventions that are so commonly done in a hospital now are only 60 to 70?years old. Understanding of emergency care of the injured is more recent; however, for the sake of temporal convenience trauma care has become compartmentalized into phases: first aid, bystander care, prehospital care, emergency care, definitive levels of care and rehabilitation. The injured patient’s body physiology is changing continuously from the time of the impact at the injury site.. The outcome of trauma is dependent not only on what is done in the prehospital phase but also on hospital care and rehabilitation. Our understanding of the changes and the response to interventions in a trauma patient has been evolving over the years. This paper discusses the need to review recent advances in our understanding of the care process and how we need to improve it and how there is a pressing need to generate valid evidence on what we do in emergency care.     

Corporate Fault and Consumer Protection: A New Approach for the UK

Many of the prosecutions for consumer protection offences which take place in the UK are against corporations, in particular, limited companies. As the criminal law had originally developed with human defendants in mind, many of its concepts were inappropriate where the defendant was a corporation. Corporations have, it is sometimes said, "no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked." As a result of industrialisation and the rise of the corporation in everyday life, legal principles had to be developed to deal with this new form of legal person. It began to be recognised that as well as having the ability to own property, enter contracts and the like, corporations were also capable of committing criminal offences.The purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which a corporation can be convicted of committing consumer protection offences under UK law. This is a topic which has received considerable attention in recent years, and is one which continues to undergo change. In particular, the article will consider the implications of a number of important recent decisions on corporate liability, and will consider their implications for those concerned with the enforcement of consumer law. It will be argued that the recent case law suggests that a new approach has emerged, but that the extent and implications of this approach, although potentially highly significant, are still not entirely clear.     

Revival of “inward-oriented development”?

Criticism within the Catholic churches of Latin America of the IMF and its approach to the development problems of the sub-continent has been persistently increasing in recent years. The measures imposed by the IMF, especially those following the payments crisis of 1982 have met with growing opposition. The impression that the churches have adopted a Marxist line on this issue is, however, a superficial one which needs to be examined more closely in the context of the dependencia theory and of recent economic developments in Latin America.     

Is the country manager an endangered species?

The role of the country manager in the multinational corporation has changed substantially in recent years in both North America and Europe. Where the country manager previously held full responsibility for the national operations, frequently the role is now reduced to that of spokesperson and figurehead. This article describes four generic country management functions that were identified in a recent study of 15 multinationals, and describes the structural and environmental contingencies associated with each. The future role of the country manager is also assessed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Changing Structure of Estate Agency

This article examines some of the causes and consequences of the recent merger boom and slump in the estate agency market. A case study of the market changes in Plymouth between 1987 and 1992 is presented and contrasted with a recent Tyneside study. It is shown that whilst the merger boom changed the structure of ownership in Plymouth it did not signijicantly affect overall mar- ket concentration as national chains concentrated their take-over strategy on local chains. However, national chains have in- creased their dominance during the recent slump as the result of the exit of many independents from the market.     

Making the next move: When does the newness of experience matter in overseas sequential entries of multinational companies?

Traditional internationalization models suggest multinational companies (MNCs) can exploit their accumulative experience to facilitate their sequential entries. However, experience may depreciate over time. Thus, obtaining benefits from prior experience for MNCs is based on two critical premises, i.e., interpreting and applying experience correctly. We argue that there is a need to study the newness dimension of experiential learning. In doing so, we aim to explore to what extent the newness of experience matters in overseas sequential entries for MNCs. Moreover, we expect that the benefits from recent experience in guiding sequential entries are contingent on the extent of context similarity between the most recent entry location and sequential entry location and the outcome expectancy of focal entry. With a sample of 112 Chinese listed firms and 410 observations during the period of 2000–2012, we find that else being equal, the newness of experience of MNCs is positively associated with sequential entry and such a relationship is positively moderated both by context similarity in institutional environment and the outcome expectancy of the focal entry. We also compare the effects of the newness of different types of experience and find that the newness of the most recent experience has a larger influence on sequential entry than location-specific experience and general experience.     

Are Prices Higher for the Poor in New York City?

Despite earlier evidence to the contrary, recent inquiries appear to reach a consensus that the poor pay more for food. However, these studies utilize samples drawn on the basis of prior knowledge of unfair pricing strategies, proximity of volunteer surveyors, or selected by other non-random methods. This paper revisits the issue of price discrimination by analyzing price data collected using a stratified, random sample design to answer the question of whether prices are higher in poor, urban neighborhoods. Contrary to the recent literature, it is found that market prices in poor neighborhoods are not higher than those in more affluent areas.