出口贸易对碳排放影响三种效应分析——以我国主要工业行业为例

采用因素分解法,结合计量分析方法与因素分析方法,选取2004、2008和2012年三个时间点的数据,定量测算我国主要工业行业出口贸易通过规模、结构和技术三种效应对碳排放的影响。研究结果表明,在第一个计算期内,出口贸易对碳排放影响的规模效应为正,结构效应为正,技术效应为负,在第二个计算期内,出口贸易对碳排放影响的规模效应为负,结构效应为负,技术效应为负,并据此提出了促进我国经济与资源、环境相协调发展的对策建议。     

The Politics of Inequality as Organised Spectacle: Why the Swiss Do Not Want to Tax the Rich

In 2015, Swiss voters had the opportunity to impose a tax on the super rich in a popular vote and thereby fund a redistributive policy. However, a large majority voted against its seemingly obvious self-interest and rejected the tax. We propose an explanation for this puzzling outcome, bridging the usually separate behavioralist and institutionalist perspectives on the politics of inequality. We start from the observation that political economy tends to neglect processes of preference formation. Theorising preferences as socially constructed, we show that interest groups played a major role in shaping the outcome of the vote. Business frames were multiplied through allied parties and the media and had a major impact on individual voting behaviour. In addition, we demonstrate that interest groups representing business interests derive the content of their communication from business’s structurally privileged position in the capitalist economy. Specifically, creating uncertainty about possible perverse effects of government policies on jobs and growth is a powerful tool to undermine popular support. Frames based on this structural power ultimately explain why the Swiss refrained from ‘soaking the rich.’     

现代化的动力:对外开放推动的经济发展

本文系统总结了对外开放对中国国民经济高速发展的推动效应.对外开放,引进了我们需要的资金;引进、学习、吸收、消化了国外的科学技术,并且在此基础上进行了技术的再创新;也使我们学习和借鉴了国外先进的管理知识和经验,以及现代的企业制度;而特区、沿海开放城市、经济技术开发区和沿边内陆开放,形成了我国全面开放的格局,这些开放地带和这种开放格局.使我们内生了新的体制机构和新的生产力增长点;在经济增长的因素中,通过加工出口贸易,我们将数亿剩余劳动力这样的劣势转变成了劳动力资源丰富这样的比较优势.这样一些对外开放的方面和内容,是30年来强劲推动中国经济高速增长因素的重要组成部分.而对于对外开放中出现的这样或那样的问题,我们需要历史、客观、符合规律、动态地看待.需要指出的是,对外开放的利,对于我们这样一个民族,一个发展中国家,远远大于弊.     

旅游产业与文化产业融合发展的实现机制与路径研究——以承德市为例

文化产业对旅游业产生渗透、拓展与深化的作用,促进传统旅游业向知识密集型产业和高技术服务业方向转型;旅游业则对文化产业产生支撑、引导、强化的作用,延长文化产业的价值链和文化产品的生命周期。两者通过技术、产品、组织和市场融合实现产业融合。当前旅游产业与文化产业的融合发展尚停留在自发结合的初级阶段,存在资源依赖型特征明显、创新能力严重不足和体制机制障碍等问题,需要推进旅游产业与文化产业向更高层面深度融合。     

《比较政治制度》双语课课程教学改革的系统建构

通过实证研究的方法,分析了《比较政治制度》双语课教学中存在的主要问题。运用系统论的方法提出该课程的教学方法、教学手段、学生成绩评价、教材改革与学校的配套改革等存在的主要问题及其改革建议。     

基于社会网络视角的科研合作网络结构及特性分析——以战略性新兴产业领域为例

战略性新兴产业是近几年新出现的研究热点,对其科研合作网络的研究,有助于探究该领域的科研合作现状与发展趋势。基于社会网络分析方法,以中国知网(CNKI)作为数据来源,构建了战略性新兴产业领域作者合作网络、关键词共现网络、作者-关键词耦合网络及机构合作网络,对合作网络的结构及特性等进行了分析。结果表明:战略性新兴产业领域论文合著率基本呈上升趋势,但该领域整体合作仍较为松散,存在较多的小团体;合作网络具有小世界和无标度特性,具有较大影响力的节点作为合作网络的中心,影响着网络内的学术交流和科研工作的开展。     

论科学发展观视域中的技术创新价值观

当代种种现实问题和各种困境严峻地挑战技术创新的传统价值观，使其失去了原来的合理性，面临着各个层面的整合与转变。科学发展观是对社会发展观现状作出的理性选择，为技术创新传统价值观的转向提供了理论和实践上的前瞻性指导。     

供水服务民营化改革的经济分析

在世界范围内的民营化浪潮中,长期作为公用事业的供水服务也出现民营化趋势,并在很多国家取得成功实践。产权、竞争和规制的共同作用才能保证供水服务民营化改革取得良好绩效。为解决中国供水部门的低效和融资瓶颈,也必须加快供水服务的民营化进程。     

我国城市发展转型中制造业重要性分析:以广州为例

基于中国工业化发展的特殊阶段,探讨在城市经济转型和发展中制造业的作用是否降低的问题。首先以广州为例,分析了制造业和服务业在城市经济增长中的贡献和地位,并考察两个行业的增长质量;其次,重点分析了中国工业化发展阶段和处于这个阶段制造业的作用;再次,研究了2008年全球金融危机使得以服务业为主的城市往往表现出内生的经济脆弱性。研究发现,并不能得出服务业已经成为广州这样特大城市经济增长最主要动力的结论,服务业份额的增加主要是制造业增长放慢的结果,在中国工业化向技术集约化演进的过程中,城市尤其是大城市应承担起技术升级和创新的职能并带动全国各层次区域工业化整体的升级。     

Economic valuation of gas regulation as a Service by rice-duck-fish complex ecosystem

Valuating the fimction of ecosystem services is crucial for accounting green GDP, making a conservation policy of ecological environment and the decision of regional development as well as sustainable development strategy. R ice-duck-fish symbiosis has been promoted in several developing countries as a way of increasing incomes for rice farmers, but investigations of its value have mainly focused on direct economic＇ benefits, such as food and raw material production. Few studies have been conducted on the estimation of indirect services provided by rice-duck-fish complex ecosystem. The gas regulation service and its economic values provided by rice-duck-fish complex ecosystem were studied in Wuhan, China. The major components of gas regulation are O2 emission and greenhouse gases （GHGs, CO2） regulation. The results show that O2 emission from different treatments （including rice-duck （RD）, rice-fish （RF）, rice-duck-fish （RDF） and rice （CK）） ranged from 26,370 kg/ha to 33,910 kg/ha per year. with an economic value of 10,050-12,920 yuan/ha per ）,ear （Chinese currency： 1 euro =10.2475 yuan, August 28, 2007）. The net GHGs exchange varied from 1,200 to 3,320 kg/ha per year; and its economic value ranged from 1,040 yuan/ha to 2,900 yuan/ha per year Consequently, the total economic value of gas regulation provided by symbiosis complex ecosystems ranged from 11,090 yuan/ha to 15,820 yuan/ha per year. and the maximum overall economic value of gas regulation was provided by RDF complex ecosystem. The work will be useful for further understanding of the functions of rice-duck-fish complex ecos.vstem services and supplying the theoretical references to agricultural policy.     

绿色经济的发展载体分析——以长株潭城市群为例

绿色经济是可持续发展的体现形式和形象概括,与可持续发展观一脉相承。与传统经济发展相比较,绿色经济发展有与众不同的外在表现形式,这就是作为绿色经济发展载体的绿色产业、绿色流通、绿色消费、绿色文化等,要发展绿色经济,实现可持续发展,无论是转变经济发展方式,调整产业结构,还是运用科技创新等手段,最终都要落实到发展载体上来。进行绿色经济发展载体的分析,对促进经济社会与环境资源的协调发展,丰富绿色经济内涵,实现可持续发展,具有重要的理论与实践价值。针对长株潭城市群"两型社会"建设的现实要求,提出了长株潭绿色经济发展的载体优化方式。     

以社会主义核心价值观引领高校基层党组织建设与创新

社会主义核心价值观是“以人为本”的价值观,是建设和谐社会的根本,为社会主义事业指明了方向。高校的创新精神和能力决定着国家的前途,当前高校基层党建中存在一些问题,是与发挥党组织的先锋堡垒作用相背离的,创新高校党建工作机制,是坚持社会主义办学方向的重要保证。本文阐述了高校要以社会主义核心价值观引领基层党组织工作的创新的意义和途径,提出基本思路,并进行有益的实践和探索。     

经济增长的技术效率及其影响因素研究——以四川省为例

运用2000—2010年数据,基于对数型柯布—道格拉斯生产函数的随机前沿模型,对四川省区域经济增长效率及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,四川省经济增长主要靠劳动力驱动,平均技术效率水平较低,经济处于规模报酬递减状态,且其区域差异有扩大的趋势。而基础设施建设和科研投入对经济增长效率具有促进作用,金融机构的贷款业务和政府财政支出对效率的提高具有抑制作用。     

The Global Governance of Systemic Risk: How Measurement Practices Tame Macroprudential Politics

ABSTRACT

This article explores how systemic risk has been governed at the international level after the financial crisis. While macroprudential ideas have been widely embraced, the policy instruments used to implement them have typically revolved more narrowly around the monitoring of risk posed by discrete ‘systemically important’ entities. This operational focus on individual entities sidelines the more radical implications of macroprudential theory regarding fallacies of composition, fundamental uncertainty and the public control of finance. We explain this tension using a performative understanding of risk as a socio-technical construction, and illustrate its underlying dynamics through case studies of systemic risk governance at the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF or Fund). Drawing on official reports, consultation documents and archival sources, we argue that the FSB’s and IMF’s translations of systemic risk into a measurable and attributable object have undermined the transformative potential of the macroprudential agenda. The two cases illustrate how practices of quantification can make systemic risk seemingly more governable but ultimately more elusive.     

The Practice Boundaries of Advanced Practice Nurses: An Economic and Legal Analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of State regulation that determines the extent of professional independence of advanced practice nurses (APNs). We find that in States where APNs have acquired a substantial amount of professional independence, the earnings of APNs are substantially lower, and those of physicians assistants (PAs) are substantially higher, than in other States. These results are striking since PAs are in direct competition with APNs; the only real operational difference between these groups is that PAs are salaried employees who must work under the supervision of a physician. The implication is that physicians have responded to an increase in professional independence of APNs by hiring fewer APNs and more PAs. The finding that earnings of APNs decline when they attain more professional autonomy vis-à-vis physicians reinforces work by Sass and Nichols on physical therapists.The content is the responsibility of the authors and does not represent official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis or the Federal Reserve SystemJEL classification: I11, I18, J31, J44, L51     

Hedging its Bets: The UK and the Politics of European Financial Services Regulation

Some argue that European financial services regulation is witnessing a shift from a ‘market-making’ to a ‘market-shaping’ paradigm after the global financial crisis. This so-called ‘new’ political economy explanation stresses the role of ideas to understand this change. We consider this claim by providing an in-depth examination of recent European hedge fund legislation from the perspective of two key ‘market-making’ coalition members: the UK government and the hedge fund industry. We accept that the legislation represents a set-back for the ‘market-makers’ but question whether it represents a victory for the ‘market-shapers’. Moreover, we cast doubt on the causal role of ideas, calling for a domestic politics approach.     

The Importance of Ethics in Environmental Economics with a Focus on Existence Values

The importance of ethics and fundamental value judgments in environmental economics is high-lighted by discussing the controversial concept of existence values. The social value depends crucially on the social objective, which is not necessarily self-evident, e.g., since some individuals tend to value nature intrinsically. It is shown that the motives behind willingness to pay figures matter for the social value, and the conventional view that people respond to CV questions solely in order to maximize their own utility or well-being is questioned. The importance of being explicit about value judgments is emphasized, and it is argued that environmental economics should consider non-conventional assumptions which take the social context into account to a larger degree.     

技术价值分界及其决策的伦理指向研究——以保罗的后果不确定技术价值分界理论为例

合理的技术价值界限是理性决策的依据。对于复杂的新技术,尤其是后果不确定技术,不同主体间价值认知分歧直接导致价值界限不清,成为理性决策的难点。以保罗的实用对话伦理理论为认知路径,讨论此类技术价值分界方法。通过比较功利主义、自由至上主义在价值认识和判断上的后果差异,揭示后果不确定技术价值在不同主体间漂移的原因,探索在不同价值主体间产生伦理维度的技术价值界限方法。在开放式语义环境中,不同价值主体之间的共识即是技术价值的伦理界限,可为决策公正提供伦理支撑,避免因主体缺失而导致在应用中发生技术价值过度偏失和决策失当,为我国发展诸如转基因水稻等后果不确定技术决策提供可操作性的方法论借鉴。     

保护生态环境与农村产业发展协同规划研究——以北京市门头沟区两个山区旅游村庄为例

本文通过在北京市门头沟山区旅游村庄的具体实践,对新农村规划建设中保护生态环境与发展农村产业经济存在问题进行了探讨,并针对这些问题提出了建设新农村过程中保护生态环境与发展农村产业的对策方法,希冀在新农村建设过程中在保护利用山区农村特有的自然生态环境的同时,促进村庄产业发展,提高农民生活水平,使得自然生态环境的保护利用与农村经济发展相辅相成.     

首都与跨界水源生态经济特区合作协调机制研究——以京张合作为例

官厅水库流域张家口市域部分是一个贫困与生态脆弱问题交织的敏感区。京张关系总体上矛盾大于合作。然而,大北京、首都圈的建设浪潮,促进了京津冀的合作进程。京张城际高速铁路即将动工建设,将为京张合作与协调发展带来新机遇。协调发展机制包括:控制并减低人口密度,生态移民、生态补偿机制;建立节水生态环保型产业结构模式;建立官厅水库水源环境保护专项资金;创建生态市、国家生态县与ISO14000国家示范区;大北京生态经济协作区与合作机制。合作的平台包括:北京市产业、科技成果转移、支援与转化;张家口劳务输出与接纳;农副产品加工供应合作;旅游观光休闲合作,实现互动对接共赢。