Developments: Resource Accounting in Ireland

The advocates of resource accounting see it as improving financial management and thereby improving the accountability of the organization, while critics see it as making the whole process of accounting more complicated than it should be. The Department of Public Enterprise in Ireland has published resource accounts for the past two years. While it has encountered many difficulties in making the accounts meaningful, the end result is a set of accounts comparable in standard to those of the private sector. This article explores the issues encountered by the Department and how it overcame these difficulties.     

成本会计创新与资源消耗会计

随着企业内外部环境的变化,成本会计创新势在必行。本文认为,资源消耗会计是成本会计创新的产物,充分认识资源消耗会计的理论内涵,对于推动成本会计的改革与发展具有积极的现实意义。     

Resource Accounting and Executive Agencies

Executive agencies have had several years' experience of the introduction and development of accruals based accounting systems. Senior agency managers therefore provide an authoritative source of information on the problems that could follow from introducing it more widely across government. A survey of senior managers revealed that, despite major improvements in accounting information systems, agencies still face difficulties in implementing accruals accounting. Government departments also seem unlikely to accept easily the switch from cash accounting to accruals accounting without extensive training. The effort and resources required for this should not be underestimated.     

人力资源会计刍议

人力资源会计是经济环境变迁和经济增长模式转变的必然结果。人力资源会计不仅是就会计论会计,更是就会计论管理,充分发挥会计的管理功能。对人力资源价值的计量不是精确的数学公式推导,而更是一种思路的提出与认可。     

Resource Accounting and NHS Trusts

The introduction of capital charges into the National Health Service (NHS) was part of the movement to reflect the use of resources to deliver public sector services rather than simply report cash flows. At the time of its introduction, it was justified with reference to what was deemed to be private sector 'good practice'. This article discusses the underlying principles, examines the practical implications of this dogma and seeks to separate the rhetoric from reality.     

The Conceptual Framework of Resource Accounting

This article explains the underlying principles of resource accounting in UK central government and some of the theoretical and practical complications involved in meeting the requirement that it should be based on company accounting. The author argues that the principles of resource accounting are very different from those underlying company accounting, and that accounting for the effects of changes in the general level of prices might be being stifled only because there is no parallel in company accounting. The implication is that competition will arise between resource accounting and company accounting for dominance.     

人力资源会计理论框架研究

会计学能否"敏感"地触及经济环境的变化,"反应性"地拓展自己的边界,将人力资源作为对象纳入自己的范畴,决定着会计学能否继往开来地进行理论创新.目前财务会计的"权益理论"主要是根植于工业经济年代的、以财务资本为中心的理论.要想将人力资源纳入财务会计的体系,在解决计量问题之后,最重要的是考虑修正权益理论,将财务会计对象由财务资源扩大到能够导致企业价值增值的财务资源与人力资源,并将之反映到相应的权益理论中,为人力资源会计信息进入财务会计信息系统扫清障碍.     

怎样开创人力资源价值会计

当生产者 (人力资源 )只是运用生产资料 (物力资源 )在社会平均生产力基础上 ,进行简单再生产与外延扩大再生产时 ,由于生产者按月领工资 ,已得到社会平均的必要报酬 ,那么 ,其所创造的社会平均利润 ,税后应全部按资分配 ,以保证物力资本所有者的最低收益。如果生产者运用物力资源 ,努力发展科学技术 ,提高生产力 ,进行内涵扩大再生产 ,其所创造的超过社会平均利润的内涵利润 ,税后小部按资分红 ,大部留成论功行赏 ,则物力资本所有者享有越来越多的额外收益。先进生产者享有越未越多的额外报酬 ,就能激励全员更加努力发展科学技术 ,把企业办得欣欣向荣。这是看得见摸得着切实可行的人力资源价值会计。     

论会计信息资源的配置机制——对会计信息公共物品论的反思

本文以经济学中的公共物品理论和信息经济学相关理论为基础 ,对当前的会计信息公共物品属性的观点进行了反思。通过界定“复合品”和“核心效用”两个概念 ,本文推导出会计信息产品在特定消费群内仍是私人物品 ,市场机制是配置会计信息资源的基本手段。但会计信息产品的质量具有难以检验性 ,关于会计信息产品质量的信息在企业与投资者之间分布不对称 ,为政府管制提供了理由。     

资源价值流会计标准化研究

作为环境管理会计的一个重要分支,资源价值流会计立足于社会化大生产的"物质流—价值流—组织"三大层面的联系机理,其核心是提升资源利用效率和降低环境影响,为可持续发展战略的实施发挥重要作用。本文依据物质生命周期运动对"物质流"、"价值流"和"组织"在技术、经济和环境的影响原理,深入探讨资源价值流会计标准构建机理,定义并建立相关的概念体系与标准体系,辅以案例应用指南说明标准的实施,旨在为我国环境管理会计理论研究服务于国家重大战略与实践提供可借鉴的方法。     

会计信息与资源配置效率研究述评

会计信息的基本功能是缓解市场中的信息不对称程度,其质量的高低直接决定着资本市场的有效程度和社会资源的配置效率。本文从微观主体、宏观层面、信息竞争与互补这三方面系统回顾了有关会计信息影响资源配置的研究成果,全面梳理了该领域研究的演进线索,以期为深入分析会计信息影响资源配置效率的作用机理提供可借鉴的思路。     

国外人力资源会计研究的学术倾向——基于国际权威会计期刊的数据分析

文章以目前会计界公认的5份顶尖国际学术期刊2000年至2009年所刊载的人力资源会计的53篇文章作为研究对象,对国外人力资源会计学术界的研究现状进行分析,反映进入21世纪以来国外人力资源会计研究的演进特征与变化,进而探讨国外人力资源会计研究的学术倾向.     

人力资源会计在我国的建立及应用刍议

在人口众多,而人口素质相对较差的我国,推行人力资源会计具有必要性,人力资源会计的主要内容是,人力资源会计的确认,人力资源会计的计量和人力资源会计的报告等,人力资源会计研究目前存在的问题及解决的方法.     

A Decade in Review: New Zealand's Experience with Resource Accounting and Budgeting

Ten years before the United Kingdom introduced RAB a similar regime had been introduced in New Zealand. What evidence is there, then, that the experience with RAB has lived up to the promises made of it? While the speed with which RAB was introduced in New Zealand may make it appear easy, there were a number of theoretical and practical accounting and auditing issues involved in pioneering these developments. This paper explains how these difficulties were overcome, the benefits achieved, the outstanding issues to be resolved, and some new directions currently being proposed.     

知识经济时代人力资源会计的产权制度基础与双重核算模式

现代人力资源会计理论以工业经济时代"资本雇佣劳动"的产权制度为出发点,从而使理论缺乏系统性、理论间存在较多冲突.在知识经济环境中,人力资源逐渐成为核心生产因素,相对于非人力资源它具有一定的稀缺性优势,并且人力资源所有者意愿也有能力承担企业的经营风险,这就给"劳动雇佣财富"的产权制度提供了可能,也为人力资源会计的系统化发展提供了基础.在新的产权制度下,人力资源会计应当采用双重核算模式,即根据人力资源进入企业的方式以及其存在属性,分别采用所有者权益核算模式和债权人权益核算模式.这种核算方式解决了人力资源会计核算的争论,将原本相互割裂的人力资源的成本确认、价值计量等理论融入到同一体系之中.     

论资源流成本会计在铅锌冶炼业的应用

企业经济效益与环保效益的兼得,一直是现代企业追求的理想目标,资源流成本会计（Resource Flow Cost Accounting,RFCA）则提供了一个新的研究视角。RFCA根据资源流转平衡原理,以企业内部资源在各工序的物质流转路线为基础,通过描绘企业生产流程过程的资源投入、消耗、废弃等信息,追踪资源流转成本的时空转移,从而为企业挖掘资源利用潜力,提高循环利用效率提供一种有效的管理手段。对此,本文将以相关文献的集成创新为基础,通过对铅锌冶炼企业资源流的跟踪,探讨RFCA的应用原理、功效及实施的过程,构筑通用模式,可供冶金、化工等流程制造业借鉴。     

Resource Accounting and Budgeting: Principles, Concepts and Practice—The MoD Case

In 1998/99 resource accounting will be trialed in the final group of departments to which it is to apply. Prominent among these will be the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The huge size of the MoD's asset base, and the difficulty of assessing much of its value, raises problems which will not have to be faced by other government departments.     

The Impacts of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems on Accounting Practice – The Australian Experience

This paper reports on the enteqbrise resource planning (ERP) systems experiences of Australian companies. It examines the degree of information system integration and associated benefits that respondent companies believe they have achieved, and the impact of ERP systems on the adoption of new accounting practices. The results indicate that while ERP users report high levels of information integration for many functional areas, the pattern is similar to that of non- users. Also, ERP systems seem to perform better in transaction processing and ad hoc decision- support than in sophisticated decision-support and reporting. Finally, ERP systems were found to have little influence on the use of new accounting practices.