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1.
社会排斥、贫困和失业 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文主要分析了社会排斥、贫困和失业三者之间的关系,提出了社会排斥概念的三个要素：(1)相对性;(2)能动性;(3)动态性。在着重讨论了社会保障收入对社会排斥的影响以及雇主在劳动力市场上的作用之后,文章认为社会保障收入是重要的,不能取消社会保障收入项目。社会排斥不仅与失业有关,而且政府政策也可能影响社会排斥,有必要检验所有政策建议对提高社会融合的作用。 相似文献
2.
贫困范式的演变及其理论和政策意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
贫困范式可以分为四类：收入贫困范式认为贫困是一种生活状态，在该状态下，个人或家庭领先劳动所得和其他合法收入不能维持其基本的生存需要。能力贫困范式声称，贫困的真正含义是创造收入的能力和机会的贫困。脆弱性范式强调穷人易于暴露在冲击、压力和风险之下，以及缺乏相应的防御能力。社会排斥范式则认为社会排斥能导致参与社会生活能力的失败，因而构成了贫困的重要方面。贫困范式的发展为反贫困政策提供了更多的选择。 相似文献
3.
第二次世界大战后,欧洲经济经历了20多年的高速发展,经济结构和产业结构历经深刻调整,阶级阶层结构和社会利益关系出现了很大变化,也产生了许多社会问题,特别是出现了明显的“社会排斥”的现象.社会排斥包括不平等与关系贫困、劳动力市场上的排斥、信贷市场上的排斥、医疗保健、食品市场与贫困等.社会排斥现象的主要属性有多向度性、动态性、相对性、能动性、资源约束性.西方社会排斥理论对于我国社会主义和谐社会的建设有着借鉴作用和深刻的启示. 相似文献
4.
国际社会的贫困理论与减贫战略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贫困是世界著名的3P问题之一。作为一种特定的社会经济现象,贫困是全球面临的共同难题。二次世界大战后至今,国际社会为减少及消除贫困做出了积极的贡献,并提出了如人类发展指数、人类贫困指数和千年发展目标这样的有关贫困的理论及国际减贫目标。本文从国际社会的角度出发,对贫困理论以及减贫战略进行了详细研究,并在国际社会制订减贫战略及政策方面提出了几点建议。 相似文献
6.
农民工群体伴随着着我国工业化、城市化而产生、发展、壮大,在城市建设中发挥了重要作用。然而城市对农民工群体实际上是＂经济性接纳,社会性排斥＂。从消除社会排斥和促进社会接纳的视角去分析和研究农民工城市融入的问题,是建设中国特色社会主义事业中的一个重要课题。 相似文献
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人力资本素质不高、文化与社会认同缺失以及带有城乡二元分割色彩的户籍、就业、社会保障制度共同构成了由禀赋约束构成的功能性排斥和由制度约束构成的结构性排斥这两种社会排斥存在的原因.促进新生代农民工城市融入进程的必然路径在于政府通过制度革新破除阻碍新生代农民工城市融入的制度桎浩,提升新生代农民工城市融入意愿,并在此基础上不断引导帮助其实现城市融入. 相似文献
9.
社会资本与贫困:一个理论框架的解释 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章借助现代社会资本理论,超越过去仅从物质层面或有形资源形态探讨贫困的传统思路,并尽量克服以往贫困问题研究的片面和不足,力图破解现代社会贫困存在之谜,也就是从物质资本(技术资本)、人力资本与社会资本的多元维度来认识贫困,以便为贫困群体增加"三种资本"的能力寻找新的获取途径. 相似文献
10.
社会排斥视角下的农民教育培训 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农民教育培训对农民素质的提高、农业生产技术的进步和社会主义新农村建设有着重要意义。为分析当前农民教育培训存在的深层次问题,深入推进农民教育培训工作,本文尝试将社会排斥概念引入农民教育培训领域。分析发现,我国农民在接受教育培训方面面临社会排斥问题;要使农民摆脱受排斥的处境,需要在现有政策干预的基础上,增加一些从农民角度出发的政策措施,通过提高能力和增加资源来使其摆脱社会排斥。 相似文献
11.
The paper investigates the social exclusion process in the European Union (EU), particularly in Luxemburg, addressing both
conceptual and empirical issues. It examines aspects such as: the most appropriate definition of social exclusion for the
case of Luxemburg, the way economic and social disadvantages cumulate within the social exclusion process, and the main determinants
of social exclusion, income poverty and deprivation. To analyze the topics mentioned above, different econometric models have
been applied.
相似文献
| Ileana TacheEmail: |
12.
C. Saratchand 《International Review of Applied Economics》2018,32(3):331-347
A theoretical model of targeting in the public distribution system is set out. In any system of targeting there could be inclusion and exclusion errors. These errors could be reduced by search by the state. The state aims to minimise the costs of food administration subject to keeping the magnitude of the exclusion error bounded. Targeting involves a consideration of the objective poverty level, the official poverty level and the targeted poverty level by the state. The targeted poverty level could be less than the official poverty level if the extent of search is not adequate. The objective poverty level is an increasing function of the above poverty line issue price of food due to exclusion errors, a decreasing function of the procurement price of food and by definition the below poverty line issue price of food. The instruments in the hands of the state are the official poverty level, the above poverty line issue price for food, the procurement price of food and the extent of search. The comparative static implications of the model are set out. 相似文献
13.
Donncha Marron 《New Political Economy》2013,18(6):785-810
In the UK, from the 1990s, the concept of financial exclusion emerged as a focus of policymaking concern. In part, this reflects the growing scale and complexity of personal finance markets and how these are increasingly interwoven into the everyday lives of individuals. However, it is also argued that the development of the concept of financial exclusion reflects preeminent neoliberal discourses that emphasise the centrality of individual responsibility, autonomy and consumer participation within markets. In 2004 the then Labour government, in conjunction with academic experts, financial institutions and other organisations, established a project of financial inclusion in relation to three key domains: banking, affordable credit and financial capability. The consequence, it is suggested here, has not been so much to alleviate inequality as to nurture the poor to be precautionary, risk averse financial subjects. This stands in contrast with the virtues of enterprise and risk-taking called up in middle-class investor subjects. 相似文献
14.
We estimate the effect of financial inclusion on transition probabilities into/out of poverty. By exploiting a longitudinal sample of Italian households between 2002 and 2016, we find that financial inclusion is effective in both reducing the likelihood of entering poverty and helping the poor to climb out of it. According to our estimates, access to deposit accounts reduces the risk of falling below the poverty line by 2.7 percentage points (pp) and increases the chance of exiting poverty by 4.4 pp. Significance and magnitude of such effects are confirmed when considering different poverty thresholds and definitions, alternative proxies for financial inclusion as well as alternative empirical strategies. 相似文献
15.
Policy emphasis on financial inclusion and deepening has shifted away from measures capturing formal financial services only and towards the development of more inclusive financial markets which account for both formal and informal services. This study examines the effect of financial inclusion and vulnerability coping strategies on multidimensional poverty, where the conceptualisation of financial inclusion is based on four perspectives—(i) one that focuses on only the formal financial sector, (ii) another that concentrates on only the informal financial sector, (iii) one that considers only the mobile money sector and (iv) finally, one that combines all financial markets (i.e., formal and informal including mobile money). Findings show that the conceptualisation of financial inclusion does not only matter in identifying the financially included but also has an implication on how financial inclusion influences multidimensional poverty. Financial inclusion measures that use only formal financial products and services understate their potential effects on multidimensional poverty, thus, justifying the need for a financial inclusion measure that considers both formal and informal sectors. Incorporating informal financial products and services in the measure reduces multidimensional poverty more for female-headed households and those in rural settings. Households' adoption of vulnerability coping strategies has the potential to reduce the likelihood of being multidimensionally poor. 相似文献
16.
Despite significant progress towards the Millennium goals, more than one billion people live on less than 1.25 US dollars per day. Previous research suggests that globalization stimulates poverty reduction, but does not investigate what role institutions play in this relationship. Theoretically, globalization could act as either a complement or a substitute to institutional quality in reducing poverty. We find that the poverty-reducing effect of globalization is stronger when institutions are weak. In particular, increasing social globalization reduces poverty more when corruption is high and democratic accountability is low. Thus, globalization has the power to reduce poverty even in countries with low institutional quality. 相似文献
17.
The risk of poverty or social exclusion constitutes the pivotal multidimensional indicator of living conditions in the European Union. Nevertheless, it only reports the proportion of individuals at risk and disregards the depth of poverty. The indicator therefore overlooks situations of possible vulnerable groups just above the threshold and is not sensitive to all dimensions in which the individual is at risk. In this paper we propose an alternative multi-criteria based approach that overcomes these problems. Our measure captures information about the level of achievement in each dimension of all persons along the distribution and evaluates to what extent the concurrence of multiple deprivations reinforces their disadvantage. This approach permits diverse ways of aggregation with different degrees of substitutability among the achievements of each dimension according to context-specific social preferences. We illustrate our approach with an empirical analysis of 28 countries using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions database for 2016. The results reveal that work intensity may be regarded as the most determining factor in analyses of multidimensional poverty across European countries. Our measures unmask how countries with similar proportions of individuals at risk of poverty or social exclusion hide very different conditions of multidimensional poverty and highlight the variety of socioeconomic realities existing behind the dichotomy imposed by the usual ‘at risk of poverty or social exclusion’ rate. 相似文献
18.
This paper experimentally investigates the impact of reciprocal behavior in multilateral bargaining and coalition formation. Our results show that reciprocal fairness strongly affects the efficiency and equity of coalition formation. In a large majority of cases, inefficient and unfair coalitions are chosen when their coalition values are relatively high. Up to one third of the experimental population is excluded from bargaining and earns nothing. In monetary terms economically significant efficiency losses occur. We find that the interplay of selfish and reciprocal behavior unavoidably leads to this undesirable consequences. We also compare the predictions of recently developed models of social preferences with our experimental results. We find that some of these models capture the empirical regularities surprisingly well. 相似文献
19.
《Review of Income and Wealth》2018,64(3):649-678
We propose a new methodology to revise the international poverty line (IPL) after Ravallion et al . (2009) using the same database, but augmented with new variables to take into account social inclusion in the definition of poverty along the lines of Atkinson and Bourguignon (2001). We provide an estimation of the world income distribution and of the corresponding number of poor people in the developing world. Our revised IPL is based on an augmented two‐regime model estimated using a Bayesian approach, which allows us to take into account uncertainty when defining the reference group of countries where the IPL applies. The influence of weighting by population is discussed, as well as the IPL revision proposed in Deaton (2010). We also discuss the impact of using the new 2011 PPP and the recent IPL revision made by the World Bank. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACTUsing a new nationally representative survey data covering approximately 45,000 Indian households, we examine the effects of financial inclusion on poverty. We construct a multidimensional indicator of financial inclusion and examine the effects of financial inclusion on multiple measures of poverty including the household Poverty Probability Index (PPI), household deprivation scores, and poverty line. We find that financial inclusion has a strong poverty-reducing effect. This finding is consistent across the different measures of poverty used, and alternative ways of measures financial inclusion. These results underpin the importance of financial inclusion and the need for its promotion across countries. 相似文献