Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises,Technology, and Globalization: Introduction to a special issue on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy

This paper is an introduction to the special issue on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy. The paper gives a broad outline of globalization, the role of technology, and examines the role that small and medium-sized enterprises play in the global economy. We focus on foreign direct investment of small technology based firms and how their innovations diffuse into the global economy.     

国外中小企业融资及其借鉴

近年来的经验证明 ,中小企业对各国经济的贡献率在不断上升 ,在各国的国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用 ,是全球经济重要、且具有活力的驱动力。借鉴国外对中小企业扶持的经验 ,对我国中小企业的发展具有重要意义。     

国外中小企业融资及其借鉴

近年来的经验证明 ,中小企业对各国经济的贡献率在不断上升 ,在各国的国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用 ,是全球经济重要、且具有活力的驱动力。借鉴国外对中小企业扶持的经验 ,对我国中小企业的发展具有重要意义。     

India unleashed

Corporations in the developed world increasingly see India as a high-growth market and its companies as acquirers of their assets, global competitors, partners for enhancing the competitiveness of their global value chain and a source of new energy and dreams for the world economy. How did this all happen? Nirmalya Kumar shares the essence of what he learned from 10 trips to India to interview more than 30 CEOs and top executives who are unleashing the new global power of Indian firms.     

面向可持续发展的我国循环经济发展战略研究

随着全球环境污染与资源约束的增强,可持续发展成为各国发展的主题。本文以循环经济在国内外迅速发展的现实为出发点,针对我国工业增长过程中环境污染加剧的现实,从可持续发展的角度提出我国循环经济发展的战略对策。     

China and Globalisation

Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978 China has become one of the world’s fastest growing economies and has emerged as a global economic and trade power. What are the implications for the world economy, in particular for the distribution of income and wealth? How will China contribute to shaping not only the globalised world economy but also the institutions and policies of global governance?The authors wish to thank the participants of the international seminar in Shanghai on 18-20 March 2005 for their valuable contributions, which have been incorporated into this paper.     

The Asian economy: current state of play and future prospects

The global financial crisis, the so-called great world recession and recovery have had a serious impact on the Asian and global economies. Together, they managed to engender significant transformation in the contours of both the Asian and global economies. For instance, Asian economies presently depend less on markets in the advanced industrial economies and, due to their enlarging markets, can and did make a substantive contribution to the global recovery. They spearheaded the economic recovery from the global financial crisis. The post-crisis Asian economy is the third pole of the global economy. Significantly, the emerging market economies of Asia did not magnify the external shock this time and performed more like the advanced industrial economies. After a robust recovery in 2010, growth became somewhat subdued in 2011. Projections show that economic performance in the region in 2012 will not be very different from that in 2011 (see WB [World Bank] 2012).     

Figure out the Foreign Trade

1.lntroduction
The global economy suffered the financial crisis in the first three quarters of 2008. Since China deeply integrated into the global economy, it＇s already faced with a number of problems in economy. As Premier Wen Jiabao said in an article published in Qiushi journal that the global economic situation had been worsen- ing and the negative impact of the volatile international market on Chinese economy would become more obvious as the days go by.     

论电子商务与跨国公司的竞争优势

20世纪90年代以来，网络、通讯和信息技术的发展，使真正意义上的电子商务应运而生。电子商务突破传统商务三大障碍，形成新经济运作三模式；电子商务使跨国公司重构价值健，尤其是优化了其供应健，降低了营运成本，它加强了跨国公司与客户之间的关系，增加了其全球客户量，提高了其产品差异能力。这些都直接增强了跨国公司的全球竞争优势。     

中外应对全球金融危机的政策比较

全球金融危机对世界各国经济造成了严重的负面影响,主要国家纷纷出台针对性的政策措施以应对。文章对比分析了美、日、英等发达国家和中国的政策措施,归纳出中国政策措施的特点,并提出了中国进一步应对全球金融危机的政策建议。     

PHEIC对中国的经济影响及对策

2020年1月31日,世界卫生组织宣布将中国新冠病毒疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)。尽管在之前的PHEIC中,世界卫生组织均强调不应限制国际旅行和贸易,但各国仍对目标国采取了一系列限制措施,对其经济造成负面影响。此次PHEIC后,越来越多的国家对我国采取了广泛的限制措施。对中国造成的短期影响是国内经济、国际贸易、双向投资、全球价值链均受到冲击;中期影响是外商撤资、产业链转移的可能性大幅增加;长期影响是面临与全球经济脱钩的风险。对此,我国应借鉴之前目标国采取应对措施的经验教训,尽快结束疫情、缓解对国内经济的冲击、推动国际贸易和双向投资、加快产业链布局调整、加强国际经济合作,以缓解PHEIC的短期冲击并避免中长期影响。     

Domestic Implications of a Global Labor Market

Conventional thinking about labor markets has been slow to adjust to the reality of labor in a context of a global rather than a closed, national economy. Liberalization of international trade and capital flows has made substitution of foreign for domestic labor increasingly feasible. This has put downward pressure on reservation wages of unemployed workers. Also, the relatively easy substitution of foreign and domestic manufactured products relative to services has led to a dual economy in which manufacturing employment has been severely impacted by foreign competition while service employment has not. This has been amplified by the U.S.’ comparative advantage in high education and skills, which tends to be more characteristic of services than of manufacturing. This implies that low-skilled workers will be increasingly left behind unless they upgrade their skills in an increasingly competitive global economy. JEL Classification J400,F410     

Ronald Seavoy. Origins and Growth of the Global Economy: From the Fifteenth Century Onward. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2003. 275 pp. ISBN 0-275-97912-1, $70.95.

Few scholars are confident enough to believe that they can describethe history of the "origins and growth of the global economy"in 275 pages. But Ronald Seavoy, an emeritus professor of historyat Bowling Green State University, uses that history to illuminatetwo themes: to show that the global economy is built on thefoundation of European commercial imperialism and "to show thatthe global economy as it is currently evolving is capable ofproducing     

基于全球战略的综合商社功能体系演化

综合商社的功能体系是其全球战略的组成要素,它的演化涉及体系内各功能的复合化和体系中核心功能的演变。研究发现,通过功能体系的演变,综合商社可以获得全球规模经济、全球范围经济、全球适应性、多市场交叉补贴以及全球价值链的配置与协调的综合效应。     

Investment behavior of MSMEs during the downturn periods: Empirical evidence from Vietnam

This paper analyzes panel data of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Vietnam, covering five two-year periods from 2003 to 2012, in order to understand how MSMEs' investments in their own productive fixed assets and their financial investment changed during and after the global financial crisis of 2008. It finds that MSMEs decreased productive investment and increased financial investments substantially in these periods. This, along with other findings, suggests that the global financial crisis marked the beginning of reallocation of hitherto proliferating MSMEs' resources away from their own businesses to some rapidly growing listed firms in the Vietnamese economy.     

A Framework for Assessing Global Imbalances1

Since the mid‐1990s and prior to the financial crisis external balances of systemically important economies widened significantly. This paper takes a long‐run perspective and reviews the main determinants of widening global imbalances. To this aim, we first provide a set of newly derived statistical measures: while large external imbalances are not new in economic history, their persistence, their concentration on one economy (the United States) and the specific role of emerging market economies make the present episode rather unique. Second, we argue that the observed pattern of imbalances can be mostly understood as a result of various structural changes in the global economy, which have allowed a widening trend of external positions. Three main features set the most recent period apart from past episodes of growing external imbalances: (i) the emergence of new players, in particular emerging market economies such as China and India, which are quickly catching up with the advanced economies; (ii) an unprecedented wave of financial globalisation, with more integrated global financial markets and increasing opportunities for international portfolio diversification, also characterised by considerable asymmetries in the level of market completeness across countries; and (iii) the favourable global macroeconomic and financial environment, with record high global growth rates in recent years, low financial market volatility and easy global financing conditions over a long period of time, running until the outburst of the financial crisis during the summer of 2007. These structural changes that have been supplemented by cyclical or policy‐induced factors ultimately facilitated the sudden, disorderly unwinding of global imbalances that is reflected in the current financial crisis.     

多重困境与多重目标下的财政宏观调控

由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机,导致世界经济陷入20世纪30年代大萧条以来最严重的经济衰退。为保持我国经济平稳较快发展,党中央、国务院迅速出台了一系列强有力的宏观调控政策措施,政策效果已初步显现。在当前全球经济格局深刻调整的背景下,分析我国宏观调控面临的困难与不利因素,统筹运用财政政策工具,大胆创新财政政策体系,不断丰富扩大内需财政政策的政策内涵,对加强和改善宏观调控,提高宏观调控的有效性、针对性与前瞻性具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

关于提升我国中小企业国际化水平的思考

近10年来中国企业的国际化程度迅速提高,"走出去"的规模迅速增大。从企业特点和国际市场态势观察,中国应该从大型企业领衔对外投资扩展到鼓励支持更多中小企业"走出去"。中小企业的国际化水平,是反映中国经济和中国企业国际化水平的重要内容。中小企业在提升国际化水平的时候,要注意发挥其独特的优势,并在行业选择、区域选择和介入国际市场的组织方式选择上制订好积极稳妥的发展战略与策略;而政府和社会有关方面,应该对中小企业的国际化水平的提高给予更多的关注和采取更积极的政策措施加以推进。     

动荡中的全球经济

目前,欧美的经济形势并不乐观。美国经济泡沫破裂之后,至今仍然没有恢复,增速非常缓慢,失业率居高不下,贫富不均现象越来越严重,很多美国人将失去自己的房屋。欧洲经济衰退的危机和风险也非常严重,前景也比较悲观,且目前欧洲普遍采用财政紧缩政策,会产生负面影响。而新兴市场特别是中国很有可能保持增长,当然为保增长,中国必须转变发展方式,实现经济增长的转型。文章认为,美国最严重的问题并不是金融和赤字问题,而是没有增量的需求问题,是严重的失业问题。为更好地应对危机,恢复经济,应充分发挥政府的作用,正确处理储蓄及储备之间的关系,让市场更加高效、稳定运行。文章指出,2012年全球经济增长的水平和稳定性将比2011年进一步提升,但长期来看,全球经济的稳定性在一定程度上取决于国际社会是否有能力对全球货币和经济系统进行相应的改革。当今世界,需要一个全新的经济政策、经济秩序来更好地反映经济力量再平衡的过程。新兴市场将在全球治理以及全球机构重组的过程中发挥重要作用。中国应在创建新的全球经济秩序和推动全球货币与经济体系改革方面发挥更为积极的作用,要在关注全球经济动荡的同时,更多关注全球变暖问题。     

基于模块化的先进制造业价值网络构建研究

本文认为,先进制造企业以模块化运作为基础,对自身价值链进行整合,通过构建价值网络为企业融入全球价值链、参与全球竞争提供平台,由此带来整个价值体系的跃迁.文章提出,随着信息技术的发展、知识经济的兴起和经济全球化趋势的加快,柔性化的生产方式和个性化的消费品越来越受到消费者的欢迎.先进制造企业应充分利用模块化和价值网络带来的便利条件,不断提高产品的规模实力,提升企业的技术创新水平.