Moving up the Ladder or Stuck on the Bottom Rung? Homeownership as a Solution to Poverty in Urban South Africa

In the global South, policies providing property titles to low-income households are increasingly implemented as a solution to poverty. Integrating poor households into the capitalist economy using state-subsidized homeownership is intended to provide poor people with an asset that can be used in a productive manner. In this article the South African "housing subsidy system" is assessed using quantitative and qualitative data from in-depth research in a state-subsidized housing settlement in the city of Cape Town. The findings show that while state-subsidized property ownership provides long-term shelter and tenure security to low-income households, houses have mixed value as a financial asset. Although state-subsidized houses in South Africa are a financially tradable asset, transaction values are too low for low-income vendors to reach the next rung on the housing ladder, the township market. Furthermore, low-income homeowners are reticent to use their (typically primary) asset as collateral security for credit, and thus property ownership is not providing the financial returns that titling theories assume.     

新时期完善我国房地产市场体系研究

由于我国住房供给制度不够完善,致使住房供给和需求不匹配。高收入者能够购买多套住房,而低收入者却买不起房,只能借助于住房保障体系解决居住问题。由于国内外多种因素的影响,市场商品房价格不断提高。政府若能积极完善好住房保障体系,便能解决社会中大多数低收入者的住房问题,逐步下降商品住房房价。本文认为,我国房地产市场的主要问题是供给和需求体系的不匹配,社会低收入者住房保障不够完善。故此总结了新时期我国房地产市场发展的新问题,并深入分析了房地产市场体系中的缺陷,提出了完善房地产市场体系的措施和方法。     

浅析个人住房公积金贷款现状及其风险管理

随着房地产市场的升温,房地产商品需求的逐渐增大,房贷规模随之增大,个人住房公积金贷款作为国家政策性住房金融的主体倍受青昧。受市场环境影响,公积金贷款的风险也在增强,文章从公积金贷款的现状出发,分析公积金贷款的风险．并提出有效的控制措施。     

Urban Renewal in Istanbul: Reconfigured Spaces,Robotic Lives

The article discusses Turkey's property‐led residential redevelopment model. This entails the demolition of an existing settlement, replacing it with blocks of apartments (usually constructed on the exact same site and at a higher density), some of which are then made available to displaced residents for purchase via mortgage loans with long maturities. While the authorities promote this model of urban renewal as an innovative public housing policy, I argue that, far from being an exception to market‐rate housing, the model is in fact a market‐disciplinary tool. It seeks to incorporate into the formal market not just spontaneously developed and only partially regulated spaces, but also the conduct of residents living in these informal neighborhoods. The article contributes to the immense literature on urban renewal and organized struggles around the right to housing by showing that urban renewal is not simply about dispossession and displacement. In the Turkish case, urban renewal does not necessarily seek to displace poor residents (even though it often ends up doing so), rather to incorporate them into a nascent mortgage origination market. The second half of the article introduces and elaborates on a case study in Istanbul.     

限价商品住房管理模式思考

近年来,随着我国房地产市场的持续升温,各地的房价涨幅居高不下,已经对城市中低收入居民的基本住房需求造成很大影响.为了缓解供需矛盾,稳定住房价格,中央提出了"双限双竞"的宏观调控措施,各地也纷纷依据精神推出了限价商品住房供应政策.文章主要从限价商品住房管理中存在的主要问题入手,结合国内几个城市的相关政策经验及存在问题,提出对限价商品住房管理模式的几点思考.     

Testing the efficiency of the Norwegian housing market

The question of whether or not the housing market is efficient is posed by an increasing number of economists, policymakers, homebuyers, and homesellers. This article tests the efficiency hypothesis on data from the housing market in Oslo over the period 1991–2002, employing the Case–Shiller time-structure test on a repeat-sales house price index and returns to housing. We demonstrate that both the repeat-sales house price index and returns contain time structure and that the housing market is characterized by inefficiencies. We also find, surprisingly, that the housing market consistently yields higher appreciation at lower volatility than the stock market over the period.     

强化政府住房保障责任问题研究

从2000年房地产改革以来,我国房地产业有了突飞猛进的发展。但同时也存在着房地产价格不合理持续上涨、房地产投机性需求日益增加、市场运作不规范等突出矛盾和问题,对此国家也曾出台一系列的宏观调控政策。本文立足于强化政府住房保障责任的必要性,分析了政府住房保障责任淡化的表现及后果,并进一步提出通过强化政府住房保障责任,建立多层次住房保障制度的对策建议。     

政府干预、市场预期与限价房实施——基于广州限价房申购者的问卷分析

本文以广州的限价房实施为例,认为限价房作为政府干预住房的一种方式,主要目的是通过调控使房价稳定在与居民收入水平相适应的合理水平,缓解中等收入自住型的购房压力。这是对市场机制缺陷的弥补而不是取代,重在调节而不是保障,也是既有别于以政府主导为原则的住房保障政策,也有别于以市场调节为主导的其他商品住宅政策。     

保障房用地规划现存问题影响因素分析

通过社会调查、理论分析和比较研究相结合的方法,对我国当前城市保障性住房用地规划中的问题及其制度约束进行了深入分析。认为我国城市保障房制度的政策体系尚不完善,导致用地选址困难、配套设施滞后和区域布局失衡等问题,其制度根源在于地方财政偏好、保障房区位干扰、建设空间限制、房价收入比大、集体建设用地市场化不足等方面。通过比较国际经验,提出了加强组织协调、编制专项规划、建立多样化的建设模式、加快配套制度改革等政策建议。     

地价与房价关系探析

在对房地产市场结构、运行模式分析的基础上,分析并阐述地价与房价之间的关系。为了清楚揭示这二者之间的关系,首先对“地价是否是房价的决定因素”这个问题进行了探讨,并在此基础上从市场角度出发,沿着市场→房价→地价这条主线,揭示在市场作用下受供求关系的影响房价不断攀升,而且有力推动地价上涨。接着,继续研究地价、房价的变动对房地产市场所产生的影响,揭示了当前地价、房价的上涨不但没有降低需求热度,反而使开发商和购房者的购买欲更旺,市场的供求差距进一步拉大,以此形成一个循环正反馈链。最后,针对房价上涨,对中央政府和地方政府的协调行为提出了几点建议。     

货币和税收政策对我国住房价格的影响——基于VAR模型的实证研究

基于我国1999-2010年房地产市场季度数据,本文建立向量自回归模型(VAR)和向量误差修正模型(VEC),将住房供给和需求同时纳入模型,分析我国利率政策、信贷政策和税收政策对住房价格的影响。结果显示,贷款利率在短期内对住房供给有负效应,但长期效应不明显;贷款规模对住房价格的短期冲击明显,二者之间存在正相关关系;针对保有环节征税可以通过影响住房供给,从而有效抑制住房价格上升。根据我国住房供求特点,应优先选择税收工具,通过促进住房供给实现控制房价的政策目标。     

论个人住房贷款发展的困境、原因及化解

近期，国内商业银行出现了普遍的“额度荒”问题，大多研究认为这一现象是周期性和短期性的。但其实是商业银行经营的内外环境发生了根本的变化，如存贷款利率市场化加速，传统的房贷业务不适应银行经营环境的变化。房贷“额度荒”反映的是商业性金融追求盈利与政策性金融的冲突，本质上则是政策性住房银行缺失的结果。发达国家在位房需求增长较快时期均通过成立政纂性住房金融机构来满足住房融资需求，我国也要成立真正的政策性住房银行，这才是解决房贷困境的根本出路。     

城市老旧房屋的安全问题及破解方略——以上海市为例

对上海市老旧房屋的安全状况进行了实证调查,分析了老旧房屋面临的风险因素和脆弱性特性,研究了城市老旧房屋的安全问题。认为要解决这些问题,需要进一步完善房屋安全管理的法规标准、建立老旧房屋安全综合管理体系、建立财政补助机制、引入老旧房屋保险、建立民众参与和社会管理的长效机制。     

HOUSING DEMAND IN A TRANSITIONAL MARKET: MOSCOW

Before Russia began its transition toward the market, its housing sector was perhaps the most controlled in the world. This paper employs data from a 1994 survey of Moscow households to estimate housing demand functions to evaluate whether behavior is consistent with market principles. Statistically significant, robust income elasticities are found for families who have engaged in recent market housing transfers. Insignificant results are found for those renting state-owned units. Families who have engaged in market housing transfers are smaller, younger and wealthier than other families in Moscow and end up living in less crowded conditions than state renters. The use of per capita living space as a proxy for market value, as has been done in previous studies of housing in Russia and the Soviet Union, is also evaluated.     

再议经济适用房弊端加强保障性住房建设和管理

本文就当前政府对房地产市场宏观调控背景下,加强保障性住房的建设和管理进行了初步分析,再次指出目前体制下经济适用房政策的弊端,希望通过加强对保障性住房建设的规范化管理,创造更加和谐的社会环境。     

低收入群体的住房保障与信贷支持——基于住房过滤理论的分析

近年来,我国城市住房价格持续上升.保障低收入群体的基本居住权已成为城市建设和房地产业发展所面临的重大问题.目前,各部门和各地区针对住房保障问题,从供给和需求两方面制定了诸多的保障政策.但对于市场化条件下住房保障体系的内在运行机理研究则较为滞后.而国外的相关研究表明,住房过滤模型理论可以从微观角度时住房市场的结构性问题进行定量分析,并对住房价格进行生命周期全过程分析,较真实地反映住房市场特别是住房保障体系的运行机理.因此本文尝试从住房过滤模型的角度分析国内住房保障政策与住房信贷政策的实施效果,并结合该模型的适用条件与面临的现实障碍,探索住房保障措施及住房信贷制度的优化途径.     

登记机构不审核申请人的婚姻状况，依申请登记为申请人所有

在房地产登记和房地产登记行政案件应诉实践中，关于夫妻房产登记问题，有不少人认为，登记机构应审核申请人的婚姻状况，以确定房产共有与否。但在笔者看来，对于夫妻房产的登记，登记机构不审核申请人的婚姻状况，依申请登记为申请人所有，并且登记后再转让也不必征得未被登记为产权人的配偶（隐性共有人）的同意。     

我国新建住宅长期供给价格弹性估算——基于35个大中城市的实证研究

大多数住宅模型和政策分析,都直接或间接依赖于住宅供给价格弹性的估计值：为了应对市场需求冲击,是多供给住房还是提高住宅价格？基于Mayo（1981）构建的模型,估算了我国35个主要大中型城市的新建住宅供给价格弹性。根据流量模型,2000-2007年我国的新建住宅价格弹性系数在4-11之间,2008到2013年的价格弹性在5-13之间。而存量调整模型得到了截然不同的估算结果：2008-2013年我国的新建住宅供给价格弹性在1-6之间,更精确的估算出了我国新建住宅供给市场的价格弹性。     

Informal Housing in the United States

Research on informal housing tends to focus overwhelmingly on less developed countries, downplaying or ignoring entirely the presence of informality in United States housing markets. In actuality, a longstanding and widespread tradition of informal housing exists in the United States but is typically disregarded by scholars. In this article we draw on three definitions of informality—as non‐compliant, non‐enforced, or deregulated economic activity—to characterize examples of informality in US housing markets, focusing in particular on five institutions that govern housing market activity in this country: property rights law, property transfer law, land‐use and zoning, subdivision regulations, and building codes. The cases presented here challenge the notion that informality is absent from US housing markets and highlight the unique nature of informal housing, US style—namely, that informal housing in the US is geographically uneven, largely hidden and typically interwoven within formal markets. We conclude with a discussion of how research on informal housing in the US can inform research in the global South.     

公共财政支持住房保障的政策研究——以浙江省为例

随着我国城镇住房市场化水平的提高,急剧攀升的地价和房价使得部分中低收入家庭的住房支付能力不足,住房困难问题日益突出,迫切需要加大公共财政支持保障房建设的力度。本文通过分析浙江省利用公共财政支持住房保障的现状、保障房建设资金来源,对其资金需求进行预测,建议加大财政支持力度、搭建省级融资平台、建立保障房基金,采取BOT或BT形式的财政投资合作建房模式提高财政使用效率,因地制宜根据各地房地产市场发展程度采取适合的保障方式,并加快制度和机构建设。