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1.
Resume ** :  Les Institutions de MicroFinance nées après la libéralisation financière des années 90 pour répondre à la demande spécifique des petites entreprises ont très tôt révélé leurs limites en matière de performance de remboursement au Bénin. La présente étude a identifié les déterminants du taux de remboursement dans les IMF du Bénin. Les résultats permettent de conclure que les facteurs liés à l'expertise, à la confiance de l'emprunteur dans son projet et à son intégration dans sa communauté(garantie immatérielle) d'une part et les facteurs liés à l'expertise des gestionnaires des IMF d'autre part, sont déterminants dans le dénouement heureux des crédits .  相似文献   

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This article analyses the liberalization of public services with a special focus on the (re)regulation process that is induced. Firstly, a conceptual framework is developed in order to identify the constitutive elements of the public regulation related to market competition, public service obligations, operators and public property, as well as the tension between them. Secondly, a comparative study describes the liberalization and the regulatory design of the electricity sector in England, France, Germany, Norway and Switzerland. As a conclusion, we note the necessity to further analyse the introduction of market mechanisms into formerly monopolistic network industries and its effects.  相似文献   

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Dans le cadre de cet article, la demande de soins de santé en médecine ambulatoire (c'est‐à‐dire auprès des médecins généralistes et des médecins spécialistes) est étudiée. L'analyse se base sur les modèles économétriques développés par Cameron et al. (1980) et Polhmeier et Ulrich (1995), en distinguant, d'une part, le choix initial de consommer qui incombe aux seuls patients, et d'autre part, l'intensité de la consommation influencée par les prestataires. Les estimations sont effectuées à partir des données recueillies par l'Institut Pasteur en 1997 auprès de 7.965 ménages belges lors d'une enquête de santé.  相似文献   

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Most of the studies in the literature on performance in higher education focus on international comparisons of education expenditure, mainly the expenditure per student, and do not take into account the multi-dimensional outcome of higher education activities, i.e. research and education. To go thoroughly into the analysis of higher education systems performance, we develop a complementary approach based on the notion of efficiency ("Data Envelopment Analysis" method). Moreover, we evaluate the internal and external efficiency of education and research activities performed by higher education systems, by taking into consideration the labour market integration of the graduates and the publications weighted by the number of researchers. Taking into account the two-dimensional activity of higher education and introducing qualitative measures of education and research outputs strongly modify the level of efficiency of OECD countries compared with a quantitative one-dimensional assessment of higher education performance.
Les éudes de comparaison internationale en matière d'évaluation de l'enseignement supérieur se limitent à une analyse budgétaire bivariée. Dans cet article, nous analysons la performance de l'enseignement supérieur en tenant compte de l'éducation et de la recherche. Cette approche se concentre sur la notion d'efficacité(méthode "Data Envelopment Analysis"). Nous mesurons l'efficacité interne et externe de l'enseignement et de la recherche en tenant compte de l'insertion des diplômés sur le marché du travail et des publications pondérées par le nombre de chercheurs. L'introduction du caractère multi-outputs de l'enseignement supérieur et/ou des mesures qualitatives modifie considérablement le niveau d'efficacitédes pays de l'OCDE.  相似文献   

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En choisissant le thème du congrès CIRIEC/IFIG 2000 à Montréal, "Économie sociale et économie publique: nouvelles formes de coopération à l'ère de la mondialisation", les instances du CIRIEC international ont voulu inscrire les évolutions récentes des relations entre entreprises publiques et d'économie sociale dans un contexte international en pleine mutation, à l'ère de la mondialisation.  相似文献   

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This study uses accounting data stemming from 80 credit unions affiliated to the "Fédération des caisses populaires acadiennes" to estimate a multi-product translog cost function with the aim to test for the presence of scale and scope economies. The cost model relies on the production approach and the financial services are gathered in four categories of products. The model is completed by three inputs and one control variable, the latter being used to capture the heterogeneity of costs arising from the average wealth of membership. Since the estimated output elasticity of the total cost, 0.89, is statistically less than one, the models detect quite important scale economies. As to scope economies, they are present but the coefficients are weakly significant.  相似文献   

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This paper presents an empirical and comparative investigation of four types of organizations providing primary health care services: private clinics, community centres, health coops and community associations. Case studies were done following a common design for data collecting and analysis, taking into account the organizations' context of creation, their institutional dimension (structure of power and political system), their organizational dimension (co-ordination and production of health care), and their main paths of development. Results show that organizations present many differences when it comes to delivering universal, accessible, and complete health care services. Non-profit organizations offer more promising perspectives for patients and health care workers by encouraging them to participate in their management. Health coops' openness depends on their nature: while consumer coops encourage patient participation, producer coops allow employees to make decisions. In this sense, patients and employees in collective health care organizations seem to have more political advantages than in private organizations.  相似文献   

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This paper focuses on the assessment of the economic performance of seven African railway enterprises using a Total Factor Productivity index decomposition. This method shows the role of these public enterprises in the production and distribution of added value. The analysis allows to identify the, positive or negative, contribution of each production factor to productivity growth. At the same time, it shows how the firm's partners do, or do not benefit from the added value created by these companies.  相似文献   

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Résumé * :  Le Québec est le seul endroit en Amérique du Nord qui permet la création de coopératives multisociétaires. Ces organisations portent le nom de coopératives de solidarité. Le phénomène est relativement récent, soit depuis 1997 et tranche radicalement avec la longue tradition de coopératives de type unicité du sociétariat. Sur une base comparative, l'article présente deux expériences pour en exposer les contributions possibles au développement et à la pérennité d'une innovation sociale, un cas d'exploitation d'une station de ski et un autre, d'une coopérative offrant l'accès à des professionnels de médecine douce et un service d'animation auprès de personnes âgées. Un cadre d'analyse expose les forces et les faiblesses de l'économie sociale en matière d'innovation sociale, par exemple, la capacité d'hybridation des ressources et l'importance du soutien requis pour appuyer la mise en place de ces organisations. Selon cette étude et avec les réserves que comporte la comparaison de seulement deux cas, il s'avère que trois facteurs sont nécessaires pour assurer la pérennité d'une innovation sociale: une présence et une implication prolongées des instigateurs; la prise en considération de ses caractéristiques inhérentes et des valeurs qu'elle véhicule au fur et à mesure de son évolution; une diffusion d'information et une reconnaissance de l'innovation par la majorité de ceux sur qui elle exerce un impact.  相似文献   

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THE DYNAMICS OF PLURAL ‘WORTH’ AS A CHALLENGE TO THE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL AND SOLIDARITY‐BASED ECONOMY ORGANIZATIONS This article resorts to Boltanski and Thevenot's Economies of Worth model (1987, 1991) to examine from a theoretical stance the various institutional logics competing in social and solidarity‐based economy organizations (SSEOs). The originality of our approach does not lie so much in the identification of the main conventions shaping the governance of SSEOs, but rather in the analysis of the conflicts and achievable compromises among each of these polities. Our contribution is threefold. We first show that the competition among several conventions generates organizational conflicts that are difficult to solve. We then reveal that achieving an (ephemeral) compromise entails a risk of excluding a ‘polity’, which may in turn weaken the governance of SSEOs. We finally sketch out some perspectives allowing to mitigate this risk. In particular, we outline organizational strategies likely to frame the governance of SSEOs without impairing their identities and plural forms of ‘worth’.  相似文献   

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This article proposes an analysis of recent developments of the railway sector‐mainly passenger transport—in the European Union. It first provides a critical synthesis of the foundations and practical intervention modes of the European legislators.
A typology of the organizational structures applied in various Member States shows the diversity of the reforms undertaken in Europe, among others under the impulse of the common European transport policy.
Finally the authors analyse advantages and disadvantages of recent regulatory reforms aimed at introducing in the railway sector a separation between infrastructure and operation of transport services in order to increase competition in transport supply.  相似文献   

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the opening of the competitive arena in regulated markets on the nature and intensity of innovation. The cases of the electricity sectors in the USA and England & Wales are taken as examples. The present condition and the evolution of R&D programmes and institutions in the American and English electric sectors are analysed. We show that the current regulatory reforms lead to significant cuts in R&D programmes, especially those focusing on new technological fields.  相似文献   

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Among the various questions raised by theoretical studies on self-managed firms, the author considers two key issues dealing with job rigidity in these enterprises and with their ability to get external financing: should the employment of non-member workers in these firms be encouraged or not? Should the external financing of these firms be deregulated or not? These two questions are related to an important part of the literature on self-managed firms which is dedicated to their so-called perverse behaviours and to the stability of this type of production organization. The theoretical models help to understand the difficulties experienced by this type of organization and to see how and why the constraints on employment of non-member workers and on the external financing possibilities can have positive effects on self-managed firms. Among these results, those coming from the analysis of the choice of structures and production techniques help to understand the development of self-managed firms in industries which require high level production techniques and high human skills.  相似文献   

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