Estimating Korea's Exchange Rate Exposure

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of the exchange rate exposure of 392 Korean firms by employing not only changes in the exchange rate but also the standard deviation of exchange rates as foreign exchange risk. A logit model is also used to identify the major factors in exchange rate exposure. The empirical results in the case of using the standard deviation of exchange rates suggest that: the number of firms showing significant exchange rate exposure has been relatively increasing; exchange rate exposure is more likely for export‐oriented manufacturing industries than for nonmanufacturing industries; and large firms using hedging methods are likely to show a low degree of exchange rate exposure.     

“三元悖论”与人民币汇率制度选择

“三元悖论”从宏观上揭示货币政策独立性、汇率稳定、资本自由流动三大金融目标之间的相互制衡关系, 是汇率制度选择问题的一个基本理论分析工具。我国现行的汇率制度实质上是钉住美元的固定汇率制,在金融进一步开放的背景下,其弊端日益凸现,改革现行的汇率制度势在必行。我国现实经济条件决定了我国汇率制度改革的近期目标只能是建立汇率目标区,长期目标则是建立浮动汇率制。     

实际汇率与居民消费风险分担的动态关系——基于预期的视角

通过考虑居民预期行为的作用,实际汇率与居民消费风险分担的动态关系是一个附带预期的渐进调整过程。在利用东亚9个主要经济体的数据对该关系进行研究后发现：（1）东亚各国居民之间的消费风险分担程度较低,但是从2000年之后,居民消费风险分担程度在逐渐提高;（2）实际汇率变动基本上没有平滑东亚各国（地区）居民的消费变动;（3）持有静态预期行为的居民朝向长期消费风险分担均衡的调整程度较小,并且该调整速度较慢,同时持有理性预期行为的居民、持有适应性预期行为的居民背离长期消费风险分担均衡的调整程度较大,并且该调整速度较快,这是造成非完全消费风险分担均衡的重要原因。     

Testing the Unstable Middle and Two Corners Hypotheses About Exchange Rate Regimes

The recent rash of international currency crises has generated considerable interest in the role that exchange rate regimes have played in contributing to these crises. Many economists have argued that efforts to operate adjustably pegged exchange rate regimes have been a major contributor to “the unstable middle” hypothesis and some have argued that this unstable middle is so broad that only the two corners of hard fixes or floating rates will be stable in a world of high capital mobility—the two corners or bipolar hypothesis. Two recent empirical studies by researchers at the International Monetary Fund reach opposing conclusions on these issues. We examine the issue further and show that conclusions can be quite sensitive to how exchange rate regimes are grouped into categories and the measures of currency crises that are used. In general we find that the dead center of the adjustable peg is by far the most crisis prone broad type of exchange rate regimes, but that countries need not go all the way to freely floating rates or hard fixes to substantially reduce the risks of currency crises.

Exchange Rate Expectations,the Forward Exchange Rate Bias and Risk Premia in Target Zones

Expected rates of depreciation within the target zone for the exchange rates of four Nordic countries during 1979–1989 are estimated. Combining these with expected rates of devaluation estimated by Edin and Vredin (1993) we obtain time-series of the overall expected exchange rate change. We can thus construct time-series of foreign exchange risk premia and expectational errors, following which we decompose the forward exchange rate bias into portions attributable to expectational errors and/or risk premia. The conclusion is that time-varying risk premia appear to be the dominant cause of deviations from uncovered interest parity while the role of expectational errors is less clear.     

人民币汇率波动对股票价格影响的实证研究

文章基于我国2005年7月-2010年2月的时间序列数据,采用单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验以及VAR模型,对人民币汇率波动与股票价格间关系进行了实证研究,结果发现：人民币汇率、利率、CPI和股票价格之间存在长期的协整关系,且人民币汇率对股票价格有正的影响效应,CPI对股票价格也有一定的正向影响,而利率对股票价格有负向影响效果。     

Currency Exposure in China under the New Exchange Rate Regime: National Level Evidence

The present paper studies China's national level currency exposure since 2005 when the country adopted a new exchange rate regime allowing the renminbi (RMB) to move towards greater flexibility. Using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic and constant conditional correlation‐generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic methods to estimate the augmented capital asset pricing models with orthogonalized stock returns, we find that China equity indexes are significantly exposed to exchange rate movements. In a static setting, there is strong sensitivity of stock returns to movements of China's tradeweighted exchange rate, and to the bilateral exchange rates except the RMB/dollar rate. However, in a dynamic framework, exposure to all the bilateral currency pairs under examination is significant. The results indicate that under the new exchange rate regime, China's gradualist approach to moving towards greater exchange rate flexibility has managed to keep exposure to a moderate level. However, we find evidence that in a dynamic setting, the exposure of the RMB to the dollar and other major currencies is significant. For China, the challenge of managing currency risk exposure is looming greater.     

商业银行必须进行外币利率风险管理

外币利率市场化对商业银行的发展带来了机遇．也增加了风隆。因此．商业银行必须建立起高效的现代利率风险管理机制。要密切关注和监测国内外金融市场利率的汇率动态。对外币走势进行科学预测．建立合理的外币存款定价机制．建立模拟分析模型，建立完善的利率风险内控制度，并加强利率风险管理人才的培养。     

新的人民币汇率形成机制下企业规避汇率风险的选择

新的人民币汇率形成机制下,央行继续维护人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定.但可以预见未来我国汇率的变化的频率将会加快、波动幅度将会扩大,进出口企业面临的汇率风险加大,企业应当通过加速出口产品的结构调整、拓展海外投资、充分利用现有的金融工具等几个方面规避日益增大的汇率风险.     

从外汇储备角度论人民币汇率问题

文章分析了我国的外汇储备情况,并从外汇储备的角度分析了人民币汇率问题,最后对存在的问题提出了政策性建议,近年来,随着中国外汇储备的持续高速增长,人民币汇率问题成为热点问题。     

人民币汇率争论的根本问题和理论基础

中美之间在美国次贷危机后所发生的人民币汇率之争,本质上是由于美国恃美元的国际货币地位通过滥发货币、制造国内通货膨胀来进行国际性支付的必然结果,而不是由于人民币汇率的低估所造成的。由于存在像印度等第三方的替代性出口可能,人民币汇率低估与否,对于解决美国的贸易赤字不会有丝毫的贡献,再加上美国从中国进口的商品中含有大量的美国技术、管理和原材料,人民币升值甚至会使美国受到伤害。     

汇率、股票市场及房地产价格波动的关联性研究

文章利用时变相关的多元波动率模型,对美元汇率、上证指数以及地产指数的逐日数据建立三元时变相关的广义自回归条件方差（TV—GARCH）模型,从而得出三者的波动性特征以及其显著的时变相关系数,可知地产价格的收益率波动最大。汇率与地产指数、上证指数的相关关系复杂,可存在正相关或负相关关系,而股票市场与房地产市场间存在正向相关关系,且相关系数的大小随时间变化。     

波兰和泰国汇率制度改革经验与启示

经济环境的变化决定着汇率制度的变迁。波兰转轨以来汇率制度相继选择了单一盯住美元、盯住一篮子货币、爬行区间浮动和自由浮动等形式。泰国二战至亚洲金融危机爆发前一直采用单一盯住美元的固定汇率制度。文章据此结合我国人民币汇率制度得出如下经验与启示：应牢牢把握汇率制度调整的主动权并渐进改革,协调好汇率制度与货币政策的关系,与汇率制度相配合有步骤地开放资本项目,加强金融监管尤其是加强对货币错配的审慎性监管等。     

如何看待人民币国际化中汇率升值与热钱冲击

汇率问题和“热钱”的冲击是推动人民币国际化所必须关注的问题。通过实证分析,可以看到人民币国际化后短期内人民币升值,而中长期则趋于稳定。世界经验表明,一国货币的汇率变动必然吸引“热钱”的涌出涌入,人民币国际化进程中经济系统可能遇到的危机必须构建强大的虚拟经济体系。     

预期引导下汇率的宏观经济效应研究——基于FSR-BVAR模型的检验

文章采用带符号约束的因子贝叶斯向量自回归模型(FSR-BVAR),检验了引入汇率预期后实际汇率波动对宏观经济目标影响效应的变化,对比分析了实际汇率和汇率预期对宏观经济目标的影响效应。结果表明:汇率预期对宏观经济调控具有引导作用,汇率升值预期对经济增长、国际收支和就业具有正向引导,对物价水平具有负向引导;引入汇率预期,实际汇率波动对稳定物价水平和促进就业的有效性显著提升,对促进经济增长有效性无明显变化,对平衡国际收支有效性有所下降;在预期引导下,汇率预期对促进经济增长和平衡国际收支的调控更有效,实际汇率波动对稳定物价和促进就业的调控更有效;汇改后,预期引导下的实际汇率对经济增长、物价水平及国际收支的调控能力显著提高,对就业影响效应减弱,而汇率预期对经济增长、价格水平及就业水平的调控效果减弱,对国际收支影响效应增强。     

人民币汇率形成机制改革的多层面考察

人民币汇率形成机制改革的经济效应可以从宏观、微观和金融市场三个层面进行考察。从宏观层面看,汇率改革能够提高我国货币政策的独立性,但是对减少贸易失衡和调整国际收支的作用并不明显,反而由于持续的升值预期导致大规模资本流入,影响经济金融稳定。从微观层面看.人民币升值对纺织业等行业产生了比较明显的冲击,非贸易品部门则受益于人民币升值,FDI 投资区位的选择也发生了变化,这些都有利于我国转变过度外向型的经济结构。从市场层面看,更大的汇率弹性使企业和金融机构面临的外汇风险上升,但同时也有利于促进外汇市场发展和推动资本账户开放。     

Autonomy and Effectiveness of Chinese Monetary Policy under the De Facto Fixed Exchange Rate System

This paper uses monthly data to examine the autonomy and effectiveness of monetary policy in China under the de facto fixed exchange rate arrangement in place from 1998 to 2005. The results obtained from Granger causality tests in a vector autoregression framework indicate that： （i） China actually conducted independent monetary policy during the fixed exchange rate period; and （ii） market-oriented policy measures are impotent in influencing real output and prices. The framework of the investigation into the autonomy of monetary policy adapts to the Chinese economic condition that primary loan and deposit rates are set by the central bank. Based on the empirical results, the present paper provides alternative strategies to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in China, including developing the financial system and solidifying microeconomic fundamentals instead of forcing the adaptation of a more flexible exchange rate regime.     

产业结构调整的汇率驱动路径:价格穿越模型的解释

汇率作为宏观经济调节变量,在受到其它经济条件或经济因素影响的同时,其变动对国民经济也有着广泛而复杂的作用。通过对中国汇率制度历史演进的分析,可以发现人民币汇率的变动始终与中国产业结构的调整息息相关。文章以价格这一中间变量作为动力因素,建立价格穿越模型,分析汇率变动引起产业结构调整的传导路径与作用机理。