WTO与中国会计

WTO作为多边经济体系中最重要的国际机构，在促进跨国投资和世界贸易方面，发挥着举足轻重的影响。由于WTO的目的是建立一个完善的多边贸易体系，以包括关贸总协定贸易自由化和乌拉圭回合多边谈判的所有成果，因此，它对加入WTO后的中国会计会产生以下三个方面的积极作用。     

WTO与我国会计市场的开放

本文通过分析WTO关于会计专业服务方面的若干协定和条款 ,提出了关于我国会计市场开放原则和策略方面的一些意见和建议。认为我国会计市场的开放应以“有计划地逐步开放”为原则 ,正确认识会计市场和会计服务中的“国际化”问题 ,制定符合我国会计服务事业发展要求、适合我国国情的国内规章 ,同时 ,还应充分利用WTO协定条款 ,合法地采取一些措施 ,将“扩大开放”与“有效保护”恰当地结合起来。     

WTO与中国再保险市场的发展

再保险,作为“保险的保障”,是整个保险体系中不可或缺的重要环节。在目前入世已成定局的宏观形势下,应正视中国再保险市场的现状,并积极为中国再保险市场的开放作准备。本文力图剖析再保险目前问题症结之所在,明确入世对其深远之影响,并提出相关应对建议,供大家参考。     

WTO与中国土地市场的发展

ＷＴＯ作为与国际经济体系联系的纽带，在推进经济全球化的过程中发挥着越来越显著的作用，加入ＷＴＯ是我国经济融入世界经济的重要举措。分析ＷＴＯ对中国土地市场利与弊，探讨ＷＴＯ对我国土地市场的具体影响问题，给出了应对ＷＴＯ的发展策略。     

加入WTO对我国会计市场的影响

加入WTO后,我国的会计市场将面临挑战,分析了我国会计市场面临的挑战及影响,提出了会计市场应对WTO的建议。     

会计服务贸易自由化与中国会计市场

当代国际经济中一个引人注目的新现象,就是服务贸易正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。随着现代科技和商贸的迅猛发展,会计业已经进人世界贸易范畴。关贸缔约国谈判乌拉圭回合把会计列为关贸总协定服务贸易的行业之一,要求各缔约国开放会计服务市场,并给予国内会计行业同等地位的国民待遇。本文在介绍WTO关于会计服务贸易的相关规定的基础上,提出促进中国会计市场发展的政策建议。     

WTO关于会计服务的基本要求及其对中国注册会计师行业的影响

从1986年底提出恢复关税及贸易总协定(GATT)缔约国地位的申请之后,我国就参与了长达7年之久的乌拉圭回合谈判,不仅在货物贸易上作出了一系列的让步,同时也成为该回合中定下的"服务业贸易总协定"(GATS)的缔约国之一.     

论会计市场的市场细分及进入策略

市场细分是市场学中的一个概念,最早由美国著名市场学家温德尔·斯密提出.由于会计师事务所同一般的企业一样处于激烈的市场竞争中,同样面临市场细分的问题.会计市场中的不同需求群体对会计服务需求的多样化以及会计服务本身的多样化迫使会计师事务所进行市场研究,发现需求者的需求差异,有针对性地提供不同的服务.本文介绍了市场细分原理以及会计师事务所如何对会计市场进行细分以求发展的策略.     

Determinants of market beta: the impacts of firm-specific accounting figures and market conditions

This article examines and extends research on the relation between the capital asset pricing model market beta, accounting risk measures and macroeconomic risk factors. We employ a beta decomposition approach that nests competing models with different business risk proxies and allows to frame cross-model comparison. Because model tests require estimated independent variables resulting in measurement error, we empirically estimate three comparable model specifications with instrumental variable estimators and for the first time provide thorough instrument diagnostics in this setting. Correcting for the heretofore neglected weak instruments problem we find that growth risk (i.e., the risk of firm sales variations that are inconsistent with the market wide trends), is the business risk that explains cross-sectional variations in market beta best.     

A comparison of value relevance of accounting information in different segments of the Chinese stock market

This paper investigates the difference in the value relevance between the accounting information prepared and audited under the Chinese GAAP for A-share investors and under the international accounting standards (IAS) for B-share investors in the Chinese stock market. The study reports three primary findings. First, accounting information influences the pricing process in both the A-share market and the B-share market. Second, the accounting information in the B-share market is more value relevant than that in the A-share market, as expected. Finally, the value relevance level of accounting information in the A-share market was low in earlier years, peaked in 1996, and then decreased due to changes in the disclosure environment. However, the value-relevance level of accounting information in the B-share market had no substantial changes. Using a constant sample, control variables on firm features, and measures of traders' behavior, we obtain robust results. These findings have implications for policymakers on recent moves toward replacing local GAAP with the IAS.     

审计独立性 会计信息质量与市场反应

会计盈余信息有用性的研究都是以无差别的审计服务和盈余作为现金流的替代指标为前提的。本文放宽了这些假设,通过模型建立、实证研究,经验地研究了审计独立性与市场反应的关系。研究结果发现,除非预期盈余具有信息含量外,审计意见具有增量的信息含量,尤其是非标审计意见的影响。     

The accounting and market consequences of accelerated share repurchases

We evaluate the representational faithfulness of the accounting treatment of a recent and well-established type of structured transaction—accelerated share repurchases (ASRs). ASRs are popular because accretive earnings per share benefits are recognized immediately, while any gains or losses on the forward contract used to execute an ASR bypass income, and are reported directly in equity. We document lower value relevance for the liabilities of ASR companies compared with a size- and industry-matched sample. ERC tests also indicate a market discount for the earnings of ASR companies compared with the control sample. Finally, we document significant abnormal returns to a trading strategy based on unrealized gains or losses on ASR transactions. Our results indicate that the current accounting for ASRs does not result in representative reporting of these transactions. As a result, financial statement users might benefit from recognition of ASR elements in financial statements.     

A socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics: The accounting annual report of China Mobile

Since the economic opening reform in the 1970s, China has undergone significant ideological change that has shifted the country’s focus from a planned economy to a market economy. The co-existence of a market economy with a socialist political regime offers a unique opportunity to explore the role of accounting in contemporary China. Using critical discourse analysis, we have analysed the production, distribution, and consumption of a leading Chinese SOE’s annual report that has a dual readership (i.e. Chinese and Western). We demonstrate that accounting reflects and helps naturalise the competing ideologies of a global market economy with strong government control.     

Evaluating the Nordea experiment: Evidence from market and accounting data

This paper discusses results and difficulties of comparing banks’ performance based on publicly available data for the case of Nordea, a pan-Nordic bank created through mergers of important national banks. The objective is to determine whether Nordea’s unique strategy of functional integration across four countries can be advantageous. For stock-market data, however, Nordea does not have stable betas on risk factors, and thus the comparables method must be used with great care. The Nordea holding company performed about as well as the comparables, both in terms of stock-market and accounting data. Nordea banks in individual countries outperformed comparable holding companies; by arithmetic, Nordea non-bank operations are not as profitable as its bank operations. In event studies, the data lend only the weakest support to the hypothesis that the market viewed Nordea’s acquisitions as adding value.     

The options market response to accounting earnings announcements

We examine the reaction of the equity options market to accounting earnings announcements over the period 1996–2008 using changes in implied volatility to measure the options market response to earnings news. We find that positive earnings surprises and positive profit announcements produce a larger uncertainty resolution than negative earnings surprises and loss announcements. We demonstrate an inverse relation between the change in implied volatility and earnings news in a three-day window immediately after an earnings announcement. We refer to the magnitude of this relation as the ‘options market earnings response coefficient’. This ‘options market earnings response coefficient’ is stronger for both bad news announcements and positive profit announcements. We do not find any significant relation between changes in implied volatility and earnings news in the pre- or post-announcement periods. We conclude that the options market efficiently absorbs earnings information.