日本时价主义会计的借鉴

时价主义会计在日本会计学界是一个争论激烈的课题。时价主义会计的优点是可操作性强，易于理解。但其缺点是不利于贯彻一致性原则，不利于会计监督。因此在我国应谨慎使用时价主义会计。     

Investment-Based Cost Accounting as a Fundamental Basis of Decision-Oriented Management Accounting

Decision making concerns over cost allocations, especially common cost allocations, have a long history. They are well canvassed in Thomas (1969 ) and Wells (1978 ). This article revisits the cost allocation debate, albeit in a new setting, and rehearses arguments relevant to long- and short-term decision contexts. Here a means is proposed to address those problems, namely to adopt the investment-based approach to cost accounting. This approach draws on ideas of Hotelling (1925 ), Preinreich (1938 ) and Schneider (1961 ), and applies the notion of net present value in another setting, namely to cost accounting theory. Research has revealed no discussion of this in the Anglo-American literature. This article shows analytically that the investment-based approach offers a general basis for decision-oriented cost accounting, as it combines investment theory with cost accounting and thereby connects long-term with short-term decisions. While reviewing primarily European literature, it also examines several Anglo-American works. The analysis reveals how for three classical decision problems—production program planning, purchase order lot sizes, and break-even price limits—two different types of costs, namely depreciation and material costs, have to be based on cash flows and net present value. The proposed investment-based approach permits an examination of the extent to which cost accounting concepts and cost information are relevant to those decisions. This theoretical concept is used to derive pertinent cost dimensions and to solve traditional problems of cost allocation. A caution is that the investment approach is limited to decision facilitating cost accounting. Whether it may be possible to couple it with agency theory and its focus on decision influencing has not been explored and is an issue for further research.     

Debt Finance and Capital Maintenance in Current Cost Accounting

The proper treatment of debt finance in current cost accounting has been the subject of considerable debate in the literature, and there is considerable variation in the official standards issued in different countries. Opposition to making a'gearing adjustment'against income seems to be due in part to doubts as to whether or not such treatment is compatible with physical capital maintenance. This article considers the financing implications of treating debt in this fashion in an entity (a) whose revenue is set at a level to ensure that replacement and financing costs are just covered and (b) which renders accounts on a discounted present value basis. It is shown that as long as debt is treated in a fashion consistent with the concept of'real income'employed there is no problem.     

The Role of Current Cost Accounting for Financial Reporting and Regulation in Utility Industries

This article considers the role of accounting, in particular current cost accounting (CCA), in influencing perceptions of financial performance and consequently regulatory decisions in utility industries over the past 25 years. It examines the accounting practices of nationalized industries, and how privatization affected accounting in utilities. It concludes with a discussion of more recent developments in relation to regulatory accounts and their role in regulatory decision-making.     

关于成本会针教学改革的实践探讨

成本会计教学改革中存在着很大的空间，在成本会计教学中大量增加试验课程将成为一条行之有效的教学方式。本文从构建科学合理的培养方案，构建成本会计课程实践教学体系等方面进行了分析。     

Dividend payments as a response to peer influence

I show dividend policies have peer effects. My estimates indicate that firms speed up the time taken to make a dividend change by about 1.5 quarters and increase payments by 16% in response to peer changes. The peer effects matter in increases but not decreases. In contrast to dividends, repurchases show no peer effects. In addition, announcement returns indicate that investors partially anticipate the consequences of peer effects. Overall, peer interdependencies account for 12% of total dividend payments.     

金融危机引发的对公允价值与历史成本的思考

世界金融危机使得公允价值会计准则备受关注,损失惨重的金融界认为公允价值加剧金融危机,要求修改公允价值会计准则。因此,本文对公允价值和历史成本进行深入思考,认为公允价值计量更符合决策有用观和金融创新的需要,有利于企业的资本保全,能更真实地反映企业的经营成果,但一定程度上缺乏可靠性和可操作性。历史成本计量模式具有较强的可靠性、客观性和可验证性,但是知识经济和信息时代的到来使得历史成本适用的环境不断发生改变,缺乏相关性是其面临的最大挑战。从经济发展的特定环境来看,在相当长的时期内,我国应该仍然以历史成本作为基本的会计信息,结合补充公允价值的信息,多种计量属性并存将是未来财务报告的发展趋势。     

The Predictive Ability of Dividend and Earnings Yields for Long-Term Stock Returns

We use empirical models to examine the predictive ability of dividend and earnings yields for long‐term stock returns. Results show that dividend and earnings yields share a similar predictive power for future stock returns and growth. We find that the predictive power of dividend yields increases with the return horizon, but that yields forecast future returns and growth over a much longer horizon. Finally, dividend and earnings yields exhibit high autocorrelation and strong contemporaneous relations.     

The Withdrawal of Current Cost Accounting in the United Kingdom: A Study of the Accounting Standards Committee

Evidence from the archives of the U.K. Accounting Standards Committee (ASC) is used to trace the events leading to the withdrawal of the current cost accounting standard, SSAP 16, from 1980 to 1988. Three central issues are addressed. First, the ASC's role as a regulatory body is considered in the light of the failure to obtain compliance with SSAP 16 and to find an acceptable replacement. Second, the decline in support for SSAP 16 is explained in terms of changes in the economic environment. Third, the roles of different interest groups in the process are analysed.     

会计计量属性的探讨——市场价格、历史成本、现行成本与公允价值

资产和负债必须有相关的计量属性。本文讨论三项资产(包括负债)的三项属性,即市场价格、历史成本、现行成本和公允价值。市场价格是所有计量属性的基本概念,其他计量属性如历史成本、现行成本、现行销售(脱手)价格都来自市场价格。本文详细解释并说明历史成本和现行成本,重点是公允价值。在本文中,我们介绍并陈述了九个不同的公允价值定义,讨论了公允价值的层次,并反复说明公允价值是在现行交易中的估计价格,而不是在过去交易中形成的实际价格。     

Lessons for Accounting Measurement from Transaction Cost Economics

The AARF's Monograph 10 "Measurement in Financial Accounting" maintains the impetus built up over recent years through the foundation's inquiries into the nature and processes of published financial reports. This commentary concentrates upon two major aspects of financial reporting that are not fully addressed in the Monograph. The first is the general lesson that transaction cost economics offers to those who rely on cuwent market values in preparing accounts for publication. The second is the need for standard-setters to agree on a workable definition of financial performance, since the income statement is more likely than the balance sheet to offer information needed for making useful predictions.     

The Press as a Watchdog for Accounting Fraud

This paper investigates the press's role as a monitor or “watchdog” for accounting fraud. I find that the press fulfills this role by rebroadcasting information from other information intermediaries (analysts, auditors, and lawsuits) and by undertaking original investigation and analysis. Articles based on original analysis provide new information to the markets while those that rebroadcast allegations from other intermediaries do not. Consistent with a dual role for the press, I find that business‐oriented press is more likely to undertake original analysis while nonbusiness periodicals focus primarily on rebroadcasting. I also investigate the determinates of press coverage, finding systematic biases in the types of firms and frauds for which articles are published. In general, the press covers firms and frauds that will be of interest to a broad set of readers and situations that are lower cost to identify and investigate.     

Accounting as a legitimating institution

Recent attempts to reconceptualize the role of accounting in organizations and society have suggested that accounting may be examined as a “legitimating institution”. The concept of legitimation, however, has not developed within a single theoretic tradition, rather it emerges from three sociological traditions, each suggesting a distinct perspective on the phenomena and opening new areas for research. This paper reviews perspectives on legitimation, locates existing research on accounting within them, and suggests some areas for further research.     

Accounting for Changing Prices: The Value Relevance of Historical Cost, Price Level, and Replacement Cost Accounting in Mexico

This paper investigates the value relevance of historical cost, price level and replacement cost accounting using a sample of Mexican firms from 1989 to 1995. It contributes to prior research by distinguishing between two distinct aspects of changing prices:(1) the change in the general price level, and (2) the change in the value of specific non-monetary assets. I select Mexico to examine because it is unique in requiring and disclosing separately price level and replacement cost adjustments. A sample of Mexican firms also addresses a key reason cited for mixed results in previous assessments of the usefulness of price level and replacement cost accounting using United States data: the effects of inflation are too weak to detect. High rates of inflation in Mexico, ranging between 7% and 52% during the sample period, mitigate that potential problem. Results indicate that replacement cost adjustments are relatively and incrementally relevant beyond historical cost and price level measures while price level adjustments are incrementally value relevant beyond historical measures.