计算法编制食谱在平衡膳食营养配餐中的应用

随着经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平日益提高,人们对平衡膳食营养配餐的需求也越来越高。运用计算法编制合理、科学、均衡的营养配餐食谱,符合人们对营养膳食的要求。在营养配餐中运用计算法编制食谱还存在许多需要探讨的问题。本文阐述了我国居民平衡膳食与营养配餐的关系,探讨了营养配餐中计算法编制食谱的应用,以期为我国膳食营养配餐平衡产业的发展提供参考。     

城镇化对农村居民膳食质量影响研究

城镇化常被认为是改变居民饮食结构的重要驱动力之一，为了探究城镇化对农村居民膳食质量的影响，采用2001～2020年31个省市时间序列数据，对城镇化对农村居民膳食质量的动态关系进行分析。结果显示：我国农村居民膳食结构有所改善，但是与推荐摄入量有较大差距，城镇化与农村居民膳食质量之间存在长期均衡关系，在短期内城镇化水平的提高有利于农村居民膳食更加均衡。     

足球裁判员备赛期体能训练膳食营养建议

现代足球对足球裁判员体能提出了更高的要求,为达到高强度比赛的执裁要求,足球裁判员会在赛季前备赛期内进行体能训练,以提高、改善或维持自身体能水平。膳食营养对足球裁判员的体能和运动表现起关键的作用,本文结合足球裁判员备赛期体能训练的特点,探讨足球裁判员膳食营养的需求和存在的问题,并提出相关建议,帮助足球裁判员学习膳食营养知识,培养膳食均衡意识,提高体能训练效果和运动表现。     

体操运动员饮食营养管理及体重调节的研究

体重是运动员竞技水平高低的重要影响因素之一,而体重涉及科学饮食的问题。本文采用文献资料法,并通过实地走访、调查和咨询,围绕20名体操运动员的膳食营养和体重减控进行研究。研究表明,科学、合理、营养的膳食结构不仅能够保障体操运动员的营养摄入,还有助于其体重控制,营养饮食对于体重干预作用明显。有必要发挥饮食营养的干预作用,将饮食与体重调节相结合,保持体脂率,保证运动能力,帮助运动员获取更好的竞技成绩。     

居民膳食行为、营养知识及态度调研报告

为了解居民健康饮食意识和饮食结构的现状,分析居民浪费粮食、营养知识缺乏和不合理膳食行为原因,本文采用分层多级随机抽样方法,调查居民饮食现状,分析、发现当前存在的膳食问题,并提出采取积极措施加大平衡膳食知识的宣传力度、建立科学可信的查询平台、营造珍惜粮食和合理膳食健康饮食方式舆论环境等建议,以推进健康中国建设,提高居民健康水平。     

城乡居民膳食结构变迁对耕地资源的影响 ——基于1981—2019年中国城乡居民食物消费数据

研究目的：厘清城乡居民膳食需求与耕地资源之间的相互关系,以期为保障城乡居民健康营养的膳食需求及耕地资源的可持续利用提供科学参考。研究方法：膳食营养分析、耕地足迹方法。研究结果：（1）近39年来城乡居民植物性食物比例日趋减少、动物性食物比例上升,膳食能量、蛋白质、脂肪与胆固醇近几年均呈上升趋势,城乡膳食结构与营养差异在缩小;（2）受膳食结构、农业生产力及人口影响,城乡居民的人均膳食耕地足迹较于20世纪80年代均有所减少,但城乡居民的总膳食耕地足迹波动中有所上升,城镇居民的总膳食耕地足迹增加,农村居民的总膳食耕地足迹有所减少;（3）提高水果及奶类食物比例、减少畜肉食物是未来城乡居民膳食优化方向;（4）预计2030年中高能量理想膳食模型的耕地足迹将进一步增加,甚至超过中国现有耕地面积。研究结论：城乡居民膳食变迁将进一步加大耕地保护的压力,耕地保护对于保障国民健康营养膳食具有关键性的作用。     

膳食营养与冠心病

冠心病是一种严重危害人类健康的心血管疾病。介绍了冠心病的定义及病理学基础,然后从膳食营养因素方面讨论与冠心病的关系,主要包括脂类、蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素等方面来展开,最后论述了膳食营养与冠心病的预防,以及提出冠心病的合理膳食营养建议。     

基于烹饪技术与膳食合理配置路径探析

随着时代的发展与进步,健康饮食成为热点话题,科学、合理的膳食结构和健康的烹饪技术受到大众热捧.为此,本文对烹饪技术与膳食合理配置展开研究,希望可以为人们健康烹饪和饮食提供参考.     

睡眠与免疫力

人体的健康与身体的免疫能力是不可分的。美国佛罗里达大学的免疫学家贝里·达比教授为首的科研小组,对睡眠、催眠与人体免疫力的关系作了一系列的详细研究。专家们认为,睡眠除了可以消除疲劳,使人产生新的活力外,还与提高免疫力、增强抵抗疾病的能力有密切的关系。达比教授对28名     

基于平衡膳食的中国主要农产品需求量估算

科学估算我国各类农产品的需求量,对于调整农业规模与结构,制定农业发展战略具有重要意义。根据卫生部颁布的中国居民膳食指南中确定的我国各类食物的消费标准,结合各类食物的可食用率和各类农产品的技术经济参数,以2012年数据为基础,对于2012年平衡膳食条件下我国各类农产品的需求量进行了估算,并与2012年我国各类农产品的供给量进行了的对比分析。结果显示,我国大豆及坚果类、畜禽肉类、蔬菜、谷物薯类及杂豆类都超过了我国平衡膳食条件下的最高需求量,尤其是畜禽肉类和蔬菜的需求量,这两类农产品的产量分别是膳食需求最高量的2.39倍和2.58倍,我国鱼虾和奶类及奶制品供应不足,尚未达到平衡膳食需求的最低标准,蛋类和水果接近平衡膳食需求量的最高标准。不科学的饮食习惯和消费方式,以及我国农产品产后损失率偏高是导致我国农产品供给与膳食需求不匹配的主要原因。最后根据研究结果提出了相关的政策建议。     

THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON AUSTRALIAN RURAL PRODUCTIVITY

In this paper the relationship between scientific agricultural research and aggregate rural productivity is investigated. The Solow 'residual' model is used to estimate productivity changes. An attempt is made to investigate the extent to which scientific research, measured by scientific personnel, 'explains' technical change. An education and climatic variable are added to the model. The results suggest a positive relationship between scientific research, climate and aggregate productivity.     

Valuing Water Quality as a Function of Water Quality Measures

Employing a unique and rich data set of water quality attributes in conjunction with detailed household characteristics and trip information, we develop a mixed logit model of recreational lake usage and undertake thorough model specification and fitting procedures to identify the best set of explanatory variables, and their functional form for the estimated model. Our empirical analysis shows that individuals are responsive to the full set of water quality measures used by biologists to identify the impaired status of lakes. Thus, changes in these quality measures are not simply a scientific exercise, but they also translate into changes in the recreational usage patterns and well-being of individual households. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates are reported based on improvements in these physical measures.     

Pricing‐To‐Market Analysis: The Case of EU Wheat Exports

The EU is a major player in the global wheat market. This paper examines the pricing behaviour of EU wheat exporters using a pricing‐to‐market (PTM) analysis. Wheat is an exemplary product for testing PTM theories as it is widely and frequently traded, and largely unbranded. We estimate the relationship between export unit values and exchange rates using quarterly panel data for 11 EU export destinations for 2000–2013. Results show that there is a meaningful long‐run relationship between export unit values and exchange rates, but there is little evidence of differential mark‐ups between EU export markets. Belarus and Iceland are exceptions where exporters from the EU appear to exercise local currency price stabilisation.     

安徽省粮食生产现代化与科技创新协调发展研究

［目的］农业现代化与科技创新协调发展是实现乡村振兴的客观要求。粮食生产作为农业生产的基础和主体,实现粮食生产现代化是实现农业现代化的必要选择。通过构建粮食生产现代化与科技创新协调发展评价体系,并对其进行定量分析,探索两者间的协调发展程度、特征与实现对策,进而促进安徽省农业现代化、农业科技创新的健康发展,促进“四化”同步、乡村振兴发展步伐。［方法］文章通过农业现代化与科技创新的内在联系和协调发展的一般规律,从投入产出角度构建粮食生产现代化和科技创新的协调发展指标体系,运用数据包络分析法实证研究2011—2017年安徽省16个地市的互动效应和协调状况。［结果］从总体效应来看,安徽省粮食生产现代化和科技创新呈现良好的协调关系,地市间协调水平差异较大,但是总体呈现上升趋势; 从具体效应来看,农业科技创新促进效力更优,但是皖中地区粮食生产现代化促进效力显著。［结论］推动粮食生产现代化与科技创新协调发展,安徽省需要健全协调发展体系、建立多元投入机制、注重地区发展差异和完善人才培养机制,为两者协调发展提供更大的空间。     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Effects of agricultural land consolidation on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China – Implications for land management

Land consolidation has a long history, and it has currently become one of the most extensive and well-organized human activities in China. Agricultural land consolidation (ALC) will change land use patterns, vegetation coverage, as well as the physical and chemical properties of soil through a series of engineering and biological measures that in turn affect the soil conservation service of ecosystems. This paper analyzes the effects of ALC on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The main results were as follows: (1) ALC improved the soil conservation service of cultivated land; (2) variations in the soil conservation service were strongly related to rainfall, slope, area of newly converted cultivated land, earth volume of land leveling, earth volume of topsoil stripping and backfilling, reconstructed farm roads, newly built production roads, length of new irrigation systems, newly built drainage systems, number of new dams, and newly built revetments; (3) the newly established multiple regression models used in this paper could describe the relationship between the soil conservation service and significant impact factors. This study will help researchers to better understand the interactions between land management and ecosystem service provisioning as well as provide a scientific basis for policymakers as they put forward new land management policies.     

绿色科技创新的运行本质研究

从绿色科技的创新和绿色的科技创新的辨证关系出发,论述了影响绿色科技创新的宏观因素和微观因素,阐述了以“绿色科技的创新”为标志的绿色科技创新的“发展向”模式、绿色科技创新的协调度和持续度,以及绿色科技创新的运作调控机制。     

关于推进北京市多功能林业建设的战略思考

介绍了多功能林业与森林健康经营的关系,从北京市社会经济发展的多种需求和森林资源现状出发,分析了在北京市推进多功能林业建设的必要性和可行性。建议将森林健康经营作为北京市多功能林业建设的重要技术手段,通过科学区划森林主导功能、合理确定健康经营技术、加大专业技术队伍能力建设等措施,在全市范围内普遍开展森林健康经营,推进多功能林业建设。