Does Public Service Motivation Mediate the Relationship between Goal Clarity and both Organizational Commitment and Extra-Role Behaviours?

Research has not considered how goal clarity can affect work attitudes through public service motivation (PSM). As a result, a model was developed to examine the relationship between goal clarity, PSM, and two employee work attitudes and behaviours (i.e., organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours). Several important findings emerged from the model. First, goal clarity was positively associated with PSM. Second, goal clarity was positively associated with both organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours. Finally, PSM was found to partially mediate the relationship between goal clarity and both organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours. The implications these findings have for theory and practice are discussed.     

物权、物权法与会计目标

本文在回溯物权制度演进的基础上,界定了物权内涵、物权与产权的关系,探讨了物权与会计目标的内在一致性,分析了物权法的颁布与实施对实现会计目标的积极作用。认为强化整个社会的物权意识、全面落实物权法的有关规定,有利于实现会计降低交易费用、保护相关产权主体权益和优化资源配置的目标。     

A goal orientation model of feedback-seeking behavior

Why do individuals differ in their feedback-seeking behavior, and how do these differences impact their task performance? The current article addresses these questions by developing a theoretical model using the individual difference of goal orientation (an orientation toward developing or demonstrating one's ability) as a central influence in the feedback-seeking process. Goal orientation is proposed to influence how individuals cognitively process the cost and value of feedback-seeking opportunities. These cognitions are then proposed to influence the choices made for six dimensions of feedback-seeking behavior—the frequency, type, source, method, timing, and sign preference. The argument is then made that assessment of multiple dimensions of feedback seeking, compared to the customary frequency assessment, should enhance our ability to explain the relationship of feedback-seeking behavior with outcomes such as task performance. Finally, the theoretical model is discussed as a platform for future research and as a source of guidance for the management of feedback-seeking behavior.     

关于大学会计职业道德教育问题的探讨——基于教育基本功能的分析

本文从教育的基本功能入手阐述职业道德教育是高等会计教育的重要组成部分,分析在会计诚信缺失的环境下会计职业道德教育受到的关注,在此基础上提出大学开展会计职业道德教育的目标、模式和方法。     

被遗忘的新进知识型员工

在组织中,新进知识员工的吸收和培育是企业未来发展的保障,对新进知识员工进行轮岗和基层锻炼也是必须要走的程序,但是越来越多的企业开始关注“被遗忘的新进知识型员工”这一特殊的群体。这类员工自进入组织之后开始进行基层的锻炼,而后便一直停留在基层,缺少了必要的上升机会。本文认为这主要是由于人力资源战略部署部门与具体用人部门在用人目标上的差异所造成的。而且经过调查发现,在人力资源战略部署部门发生变革的情况下,新进员工被遗忘的可能性更大;获得晋升的新进员工更多地依靠非正式渠道;被遗忘的新进员工的离职是企业离职率居高不下的主要原因。在此基础上,本文认为应该从战略的高度来考虑部门的用人,同时努力畅通职业发展渠道。     

基于粗糙集的电子废弃物逆向物流的目标优先级排序

逆向物流的战略地位逐渐凸显,电子废弃物因其特殊的产品属性,加之目前我国尚未建立完善的回收体系,亟待规范的“灰色地带”需要实施有效的逆向物流规划,科学合理的目标优先级的确定是其得以实现的理论基点。本文针对电子废弃物的特性,考虑逆向物流不同的实施阶段,分析了影响目标优先级的主要因素,提出了一种基于粗糙集一熵权理论的目标优先级确定算法,改善了传统的主观权重赋值法,结果表明该算法是精确且有效的。     

Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service

This paper evaluates the scheme of performance-related pay facing NHS managers, using both quantitative and qualitative date from a questionnaire survey. We find that the scheme is modestly successful. On the basis of self-reported data from managers covered by the scheme, there are clear indications that it has raised motivational levels, and induced more effort, albeit for only a minority of the managers. These results stand in some contrast to those from a number of earlier UK studies, and may show what happens in relatively mature PRP systems. In seeking to understand why the scheme was not more successful, we found that motivational and behavioural change was less likely among those who thought that certain aspects of the objective-setting process were done badly, or that assessments were conducted inappropriately, or that the subsequent rewards were unattractive. We finish by drawing out some implications for HR policy.     

目标导向对知识收集与知识贡献行为的影响研究

本研究探讨了目标导向（学习目标导向和绩效目标导向）与知识共享行为（知识收集和知识贡献）之间的关系，同时探讨了任职时间对这些关系的调节作用。研究采集了169份来自香港的在职MBA学生的调查问卷，结果显示：（1）学习目标导向对知识收集行为具有正向关系；（2）学习目标导向对知识贡献行为具有正向关系；（3）绩效目标导向对知识收集具有正向关系，而和知识贡献之间无显著关系；（4）任职时间对关系（1）与关系（3）具有调节作用。     

模糊综合评判在供应商绩效评价中的应用

随着供应链理念的出现及其发展趋势的不断加强．供应商作为供应链的前端．其绩效评价日益受到企业的重视。企业对其供应商的评价已由过去以价格为重点转向了综合评价，对供应商的产品质量、交货能力、生产柔性、研发能力、信息化水平等各方面进行综合评价，以便有效管理供应链，实现企业间的双赢：文章主要构建了在供应链背景下评价供应商绩效的指标体系．介绍了模糊综合评判在供应商绩效评价中的应用．并以具体实例加以说明。     

Moderation by goal commitment of the feedback–performance relationship: Theoretical explanation and preliminary study

This paper presents goal commitment as one stage of a multidimensional goal striving process that affects feedback acquisition, processing, and use during the achievement of performance goals. Specifically, this paper argues that higher goal commitment leads to more effective acquisition, processing, and use of feedback that in turn fosters higher performance than does lower goal commitment. To provide a preliminary test of this proposition, data from an earlier field study conducted by the author and colleagues [J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 72 (1999) 107] were used to examine the moderating effects of goal commitment on the relationship between perceived task feedback amount and work performance of 196 rehabilitation counselors. Results were consistent with this proposed interaction, as perceived task feedback amount had a positive linear relationship with work performance for higher goal commitment rehabilitation counselors and a negative linear relationship with performance for lower goal commitment counselors. The discussion urges researchers to broaden their views of goal commitment beyond the goal difficulty–performance relationship and to devote more attention to moderators of the feedback–performance relationship. Directions for future research and practical implications are also discussed.     

自然灾害损失评估：联合国框架、评价与案例

研究目标：研究联合国最新灾害评估的方法体系,探索其在中国的运用与启示。研究方法：分析联合国灾害损失评估的原则,探讨重置成本法在灾害损失评估中的运用,并以2008年汶川地震为例进一步研究该方法体系在我国的实践。研究发现：联合国所推广的评估框架在我国具有适用性,与目前中国采用的统计方法得出的结果可能存在较大差异。研究创新：本文所研究的方法是联合国致力于建立的一套针对所有自然灾害一致的连贯的并且易于运用的评估方法,灾害经济损失的构成因子也与当前各国统计因子有所不同。研究价值：对这一方法的研究与运用将有助于中国的灾害统计逐步与国际接轨,并帮助我们更好的实现我国“十三五”规划和联合国所提出的减灾目标。     

Six Sigma: The role of goals in improvement teams

The tenets of goal theory have been well established as a motivation mechanism in the management literature. However, some quality-management advocates, such as W. Edwards Deming, often criticize the use of goals. This research investigates the tension between goals and quality management in the Six Sigma context. We find empirical support that goals can be effective in Six Sigma improvement teams when teams adhere to the Six Sigma tools and method. However, challenging goals are counterproductive when Six Sigma teams do not use the tools and methods rigorously. This research reconciles the differences between quality management and goal theory by showing that the Six Sigma tools and method interact with goals.     

Management by objectives – an effective tool for teamwork?

In recent years many companies have introduced self-regulatory teamwork requiring changes in leadership behaviour and systems as well. Consequently a renewed interest has arisen in management by objectives (MBO) as a means for leading self-regulating teams. But how do MBO systems work and how effective are they? The MBO system of a company in the construction supply industry was analysed. This company had implemented MBO at team level five years ago. In order to explore the mechanisms and effects of MBO at team level a model for group goal setting was tested. One hundred and seventy-six employees in twenty-six teams participated in the study, but only twenty-one groups having objective productivity data were included in the analyses at team level. Group goal commitment and group goals moderated by task interdependence are supposed to influence group processes as a mediating variable for group effectiveness. Results do not consistently support this model. Group goals and goal commitment predict group productivity and job satisfaction but group processes mediate only the relationship to job satisfaction. The moderating effect of task interdependence could not be supported. The consequences for developing a model for MBO at team level and implementing effective MBO systems are discussed.     

Construct a composite indicator based on integrating Common Weight Data Envelopment Analysis and principal component analysis models: An application for finding development degree of provinces in Iran

Balanced development of regions requires the fair distribution of facilities and services. Hence, it is necessary to find and estimate the development degree of regions for policy makers. This paper presents an integrated Common Weight Data Envelopment Analysis (CWDEA) – Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model to find out the development degree of provinces in Iran. First, 131 suitable indicators are selected and then, the indicators are classified in fourteen different classes. In classical DEA model, each Decision Making Unit (DMU) is free to set its weights to reach the efficient frontier. In this paper, to restrict flexibility in indicator weights, development degree of provinces in each class is calculated using CWDEA model. Since, the proposed CWDEA model is not capable of fully ranking of provinces with all indicators, hence, the development degrees generated by CWDEA model are considered as indicators of PCA and the final ranks are obtained using PCA model. The results of proposed CWDEA-PCA model show that Yazd, Semnan and Bushehr are top three provinces in Iran.     

北京建设世界城市战略定位与发展模式研究

新的世界政治经济形势下,北京提出建设世界城市的战略目标,对北京的城市发展与中国的和平崛起具有重要的现实意义与历史意义.本研究针对北京建设世界城市这一主题展开研究,从世界城市的特色研究入手,分析了纽约、伦敦、东京发展层面上的各自特征,并通过发展指标将北京与现有世界城市进行比较研究,认为当前北京与世界城市的标准尚有差距,但...     

Optimization of the facility location-allocation problem in a customer-driven supply chain

This paper develops and applies an integrated multiple criteria decision making approach to optimize the facility location-allocation problem in the contemporary customer-driven supply chain. Unlike the traditional optimization techniques, the proposed approach, combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the goal programming (GP) model, considers both quantitative and qualitative factors, and also aims at maximizing the benefits of deliverer and customers. In the integrated approach, the AHP is used first to determine the relative importance weightings or priorities of alternative locations with respect to both deliverer oriented and customer oriented criteria. Then, the GP model, incorporating the constraints of system, resource, and AHP priority is formulated to select the best locations for setting up the warehouses without exceeding the limited available resources. In this paper, a real case study is used to demonstrate how the integrated approach can be applied to deal with the facility location-allocation problem, and it is proved that the integrated approach outperforms the traditional cost-based approach.     

A goal programming-discriminant function approach to the estimation of an empirical production function based on DEA results

This paper describes a new frontier estimation procedure which relies on results obtained from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The paper reviews some of the earlier works in this area and points out potential difficulties with them. It further suggests ways to validate such developments. A procedure is constructed on the basis of a Goal Programming (GP)-Discriminant Function model developed in stages during the 1980s. A numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. Then, an extensive simulation in which the GP-based procedure is compared to three regression-based techniques is presented. The simulation results clearly indicate the superiority of the proposed technique over the regression alternatives.     

Collaboration expectation gaps,transparency and integrated NPD performance: A multi-case study

This paper explores the implications of what happens when a buying firm's desired and realized levels of collaboration differ in the context of an integrated new product development (NPD) project. Using analysis of six case studies, we observe varying levels of such collaboration expectation gaps (CEG) and conclude that these gaps can impact NPD project performance. In addition, collaboration transparency is established when a firm and its partner firm comprehend the factors (benefits, risks, costs) that motivate collaboration between them. We observe that the presence of collaboration transparency impacts the emergence of CEG across the phases of an NPD project. These findings extend existing theory on buyer-supplier relationships in NPD projects and introduce CEG and collaboration transparency as important concepts in understanding improved collaboration performance.     

低碳生态城区能源规划的目标设定

设定目标、确定主要性能指标KPI,是低碳生态城区能源规划中的重要环节.作者将所有创造产值的能耗和碳排放归结到生产性能耗和碳排放,提出设定单位GDP能耗和碳排放目标的方法;将所有不创造产值的能耗和碳排放归结到消费性能耗和碳排放,用统计数据和情景分析方法确定建筑和交通能耗及碳排放目标.作者还针对可再生能源利用率的目标设定,...