在实现人民币国际化的过程中可能面临的挑战

中国的官方货币（人民币）已经开始成为国际性的货币,但是在此过程中人民币的境外市场的发展可能对中国的金融市场提出挑战。银行和保险公司正在使用这些境外人民币创建境外外汇、货币和债券市场,因此银行间的资金流入也可能会提出新的政策挑战。最终,境外的银行将绕开国内银行而直接对中国的公司提供人民币信贷,这就可能使中国当局的政策性杠杆处于危险境地。     

新政策

中国人民银行2010年8月16日发布了《关于境外人民币清算行等三类机构运用人民币投资银行间债券市场试点有关事宜的通知》,允许香港、澳门地区人民币业务清算行、跨境贸易人民币结算境外参加银行和境外中央银行或货币当局进入银行间债券市场投资试点。     

人民币国际化的SWOT分析

货币国际化是一个国家的货币随着本国商品贸易和服务贸易在国外市场扩展,在本币职能基础上,通过经常项目、资本项目和境外货币自由兑换等方式流出过境,在境外逐步担当流通手段、支付手段、储藏手段和价值尺度的功能,从而由国家货币走向区域货币、再走向世界货币的过程。中国的经济在高速增长,中国作为世界大国,在世界各国中地位的上升和人民币国际地位的提高,使得周边国家及地区开始逐渐认可并接受人民币作为交易货币和国际结算的手段,大量人民币在境外流通,人民币国际化趋势逐渐显现。本文将从人民币国际化的趋势,并借鉴美国货币国际化的经验,对中国人民币的国际化途径进行分析,将相关文献及政策建议作出综述。     

人民币国际化的SWOT分析

货币国际化是一个国家的货币随着本国商品贸易和服务贸易在国外市场扩展,在本币职能基础上,通过经常项目、资本项目和境外货币自由兑换等方式流出过境,在境外逐步担当流通手段、支付手段、储藏手段和价值尺度的功能,从而由国家货币走向区域货币、再走向世界货币的过程。中国的经济在高速增长,中国作为世界大国,在世界各国中地位的上升和人民币国际地位的提高,使得周边国家及地区开始逐渐认可并接受人民币作为交易货币和国际结算的手段,大量人民币在境外流通,人民币国际化趋势逐渐显现。本文将从人民币国际化的趋势,并借鉴美国货币国际化的经验,对中国人民币的国际化途径进行分析,将相关文献及政策建议作出综述。     

“人民币时刻”远未来临

中国正在稳步放松人民币管制,2012年,央行分配给人民币合格境外投资者(RQFI)I的额度就翻了两番,达到2700亿人民币。中国作为超级新兴经济体给全球带来的下一个重磅红利似乎是人民币国际化的溢出效应。自2011年央行1号文件《境外直接投资人民币结算试点管理办法》明确支持跨境贸易人民币结算试点地区的银行和企业可开展境外直接投资人民币结算试点,标志着国家有意加快人民币国际化步伐以来,以双边货币互换和人民币离岸中心的不断拓展为     

人民币境外存量对我国货币供应量的影响研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文运用缺口估计法间接估算了2006年第一季度至2014年第三季度的人民币境外存量,并且利用状态空间模型论证了当前人民币境外存量对国内货币供应量的影响并不显著。通过对比1961-2005年欧洲美元对美国货币供应量的影响,得知未来人民币境外存量对我国货币供应量的影响势必逐步增强,进而威胁国内货币供应量的稳定性。从货币回流机制的角度分析了人民币与美元现实差异的根源,本文提出完善人民币回流机制的政策建议。     

缅甸佤邦银行人民币经营及人民币跨境流动对普洱市中缅边境经济金融的影响

<正>随着中国综合国力的迅速增强,以及澜沧江——湄公河次区域合作的不断深入,中国的法定货币——人民币在周边国家和地区被广泛流通和使用,为境外银行开办人民币存贷款业务创造了有利条件。与普洱市孟连县接壤的缅甸掸邦第二特区的     

外卡收单动态货币转换的技术实现

外卡收单动态货币转换（DCc,Dynamic Currency Conversion）是外卡收单业务的新领域,其功能是境外银行卡持卡人在中国消费时可用外卡账户的币种（而非人民币）进行结算。     

汇率预期对境外人民币需求的影响

本文依据货币需求、货币竞争替代理论,以企业利润最大化为目标建立境外人民币需求函数,推导出影响境外人民币需求的主要因素。通过变结构协整和误差修正模型,重点分析了汇率预期和政策变革等因素对境外人民币需求的影响。结果表明,人民币汇率预期波动对境外人民币需求具有明显的长短期效应,随着资本项目进一步开放,汇率预期变化对境外人民币需求和中国国际收支影响将更加显著,国内政策需要关注汇率预期情况;政策因素,尤其是2010年以来的制度变革有力地推动了香港人民币存款增长和离岸人民币市场发展;而国内货币政策和利率变化对境外人民币需求的影响仍相对较小。     

建设跨境人民币清算系统的思考

本文通过对部分境内代理银行、境外清算行以及境外参加行的深入调查,总结目前影响市场选择不同清算途径的主要因素,并根据对部分国际货币清算系统的比较研究结果,提出结合国情与国际惯例,开发建设跨境人民币清算系统的思路,并对系统的基础功能、扩展需求以及兼容性提出初步设想。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.