上市公司股权集中度与盈余质量相关性研究

企业的股权结构特别是“一股独大”的存在,是造成上市公司盈余质量不高的重要原因。基于此,本文调整了基本盈余反应系数,加入与股权集中度有关的研究变量,以我国上市公司2005～2007年的经验数据,分析了股权集中度与盈余质量的关系,结果表明：第一大股东持股比例与盈余质量有显著的倒U关系;其他股东制衡能力与盈余质量显著正相关;控制权竞争度与盈余质量呈现不显著负相关,但有行业差异。     

股权结构对股权融资和债务融资影响的对比——理论与实证分析

文章以2003-2009年度528家A股上市公司的财务数据为基础,实证研究了股权结构对股权融资和债务融资的影响.研究结果表明,第一大股东持股比例与股权融资规模无显著相关性,与债务融资规模显著正相关;股权制衡度与股权融资规模显著负相关,与债务融资规模显著负相关;流通A股比例与债务融资规模显著负相关,而与股权融资额无显著相关性;机构持股比例与股权融资规模、债务融资规模都显著正相关;而管理者持股比例的变动对债务融资规模、股权融资规模的影响都不显著.     

大股东控制下上市公司股权再融资研究

本文以2008年配股和增发的上市公司为样本,通过因子分析和多元回归进行实证分析。结果表明:大股东持股比例,市净率和资本结构指标都与股权融资偏好正相关,说明在大股东控制下我国上市公司存在着强烈的股权再融资偏好;国有股与股权融资偏好负相关且相关性不显著;独立董事制衡度与股权融资偏好负相关但相关性不显著,说明我国独立董事还未能对控股股东一股独大的现象起到制约作用。     

股权集中度与盈余管理相关性实证研究——来自深市A股市场的经验证据

在我国上市公司中股权相对集中,第一大股东持股比例平均在40%以上,这种高持股比例导致大股东与其他投资者之间存在重大的利益冲突,其结果可能发生上市公司的盈余管理行为。本文以2004年深市A股上市公司为样本,对上市公司股权集中度与盈余管理的相关关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:上市公司的股权越集中,公司的应计利润越容易被大股东所操纵。还发现,公司的第一大股东为国有股时更容易操纵应计利润。     

机构投资者与盈余管理的关系研究

文章通过分析机构投资者持股、机构投资者持股比例及机构投资者类型这三方面与我国上市公司盈余管理之间的相关关系,发现机构投资者持股和上市公司盈余管理行为负相关,机构投资者持股比例和上市公司盈余管理行为负相关,机构投资者类型中证券、基金公司和上市公司盈余管理行为负相关,券商、社保基金、保险公司和上市公司盈余管理行为不显著相关。     

上市公司股权集中度与公司绩效的关系研究

本文对上市公司股权集中度与公司绩效之间的关系进行了研究。研究发现,第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效之间存在负相关关系,前五大股东持股比的平方和与公司绩效存在正相关关系。     

大股东股权质押与上市公司财务重述

文章以2005—2017年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨了大股东股权质押与上市公司财务重述之间的关系.结果表明:存在大股东股权质押的上市公司,其财务重述的倾向性更高,且大股东的质押比例越高,财务重述的次数越多、在非国有上市公司以及大股东为自然人的上市公司,大股东股权质押导致财务重述的概率更高;机构投资者持股可以抑制大股东股权质押所诱致的财务重述行为.进一步研究发现,在公司治理水平较差的上市公司以及大股东掏空较为严重的上市公司,其财务重述的倾向性更高.     

股权结构与公司绩效关系实证研究

本文以我国2003—2005年498家制造业上市公司为样本,研究股权结构和公司绩效关系。本文试图说明股权结构和公司绩效的内在联系,为公司治理结构的完善提供理论上的参考。实证结果表明,我国上市公司的绩效与前五大股东及前十大股东的持股比例有着显著的正相关关系,与第一大股东持股比例并没有明显的相关关系;公司绩效与国有股比例显著正相关,与法人股比例负相关,与流通股比例负相关。本文的研究结果对加强上市公司股权机制改革、完善公司治理结构、提高上市公司绩效等提供了实证参考。     

上市公司股权集中度与公司绩效的关系研究

本文对上市公司股权集中度与公司绩效之间的关系进行了研究.研究发现,第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效之间存在负相关关系,前五大股东持股比的平方和与公司绩效存在正相关关系.     

股权结构与公司绩效关系实证研究

本文以我国2003-2005年498家制造业上市公司为样本,研究股权结构和公司绩效关系.本文试图说明股杈结构和公司绩效的内在联系,为公司治理结构的完善提供理论上的参考.实证结果表明,我国上市公司的绩效与前五大股东及前十大股东的持股比例有着显著的正相关关系.与第一大股东持股比例并没有明显的相关关系;公司绩效与国有股比例显著正相关,与法人股比例负相关,与流通股比例负相关.本文的研究结果对加强上市公司股权机制改革、完善公司治理结构、提高上市公司绩效等提供了实证参考.     

权益性超额薪酬、CEO权力强度与真实盈余管理

基于公司治理角度,以2011—2016年沪深A股上市公司非平衡面板数据为样本,分析了A股上市公司真实盈余管理水平是否受到高管团队权益性超额薪酬的影响以及CEO权力强度和内部控制质量对两者关系的调节作用。研究发现,高管权益性超额薪酬与真实盈余管理呈显著正相关关系,CEO权力强度能够显著加强权益性超额薪酬对于真实盈余管理的正向影响,而高质量的内部控制整体上能够抑制权益性超额薪酬对于真实盈余管理的促进作用。     

Do Islamic Banks Employ Less Earnings Management?

In this article, we examine whether Islamic banks are less likely to manage their earnings than non‐Islamic banks and how Islamic banks’ unique corporate governance system, especially Shari'ah Supervisory Boards, impacts earnings management behaviors within Islamic banks. Using a sample of Islamic banks and their matched non‐Islamic banks in 15 countries, we find that, first, Islamic banks are less likely to conduct earnings management as measured by both earnings loss avoidance and abnormal loan loss provisions. Second, there are no significantly different earnings management behaviors between Islamic banks with and without Shari'ah Supervisory Boards. Third, several Shari'ah Supervisory Board characteristics, such as size and the presence of members from Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, are important determinants of the earnings management of Islamic banks who have Shari'ah Supervisory Boards.     

Effect of non‐IFRS earnings reporting guidelines on underlying earnings reporting quality: The case of Australian listed firms

This study investigates Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) 200 firms in the post–Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) period (2011–2014) to examine how listed firms follow the non–International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) earnings reporting guidelines issued by ASIC to communicate underlying earnings reporting quality. We find that firms that do not comply with the ASIC guidelines have lower underlying earnings reporting quality than do firms that comply with these guidelines. Firms that do not follow the ASIC guidelines are found to exclude income‐increasing underlying earnings adjustments to make underlying earnings appear more profitable than IFRS earnings when they miss earnings targets or make current losses, and that they report underlying earnings opportunistically by excluding recurring expenses that persist into future operating earnings. Unlike ASIC non‐compliance firms, ASIC compliance firms attempt to act as responsible reporters by reporting underlying earnings in a responsible manner to demonstrate a judicious use of discretion in informing shareholders. Further, we find that underlying earnings reported by non‐compliance firms are less value‐relevant than underlying earnings reported by compliance firms.     

内部控制与业绩快报质量

以2009—2015年中小板和创业板上市公司的年度业绩快报为样本,研究内部控制对业绩快报质量的影响。研究发现,高质量的内部控制降低了业绩快报重大错报的可能性,同时降低了业绩快报误差,且这种效应在非国有上市公司表现更显著。进一步地,对于不存在内部控制重大缺陷的公司来说,发生业绩快报重大错报的概率较低,业绩快报误差也较小。内部控制信息披露质量高的公司,业绩快报质量也相应较高。研究结果表明,高质量的内部控制有助于提升业绩快报质量,且基于业绩快报的角度为内部控制改善会计信息质量提供了证据。     

内部控制质量、产权性质与盈余持续性

通过对沪深两市A股主板上市公司2009—2013年间数据样本的实证检验，探寻上市公司内部控制质量的提高是否伴随着公司盈余持续性的提高，比较分析国有控股和民营控股公司内部控制质量的变化对盈余持续性的影响差异，同时为了进一步探究内部控制对盈余持续性的影响，将其划分为应计持续性和现金流持续性。研究结果表明：内部控制质量的提高与盈余持续性的提高存在显著的正相关关系；将盈余持续性细分后仍然可以得到内部控制质量提高，应计持续性与现金流持续性也相应提高的结论。通过国有控股和民营控股公司的对比，发现在国有控股公司中，内部控制质量越高，盈余持续性也越高，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性并没有显著改善；而在民营控股公司中，内部控制质量与盈余持续性的相关性有所减弱，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性明显提高。     

The Effect of Arthur Andersen's Demise on Clients' Audit Fees and Auditor Conservatism: International Evidence

Using samples from 12 non‐U.S.A. countries, we find that following Arthur Andersen's failure in the United States of America, successor Big‐N auditors charged an audit fee premium for ex‐Andersen clients compared to existing clients and non‐Andersen switch‐ins. We show that this audit fee premium is not attributable to the Andersen switch‐ins having lower prior earnings quality or lower bargaining power than non‐Andersen switch‐ins. We also show that ex‐Andersen clients exhibit higher earnings quality after the switch than do ongoing clients and other switch‐ins. These results suggest that the audit fee premium is attributable to auditor conservatism. Furthermore, we find that risk assessments for ex‐Andersen clients are higher in countries with weak legal and extra‐legal institutions. We interpret this result as suggesting that the effect of lost auditor reputation is stronger when objective evidence of earnings quality is uncertain because of weaker supporting institutions. This is the first study to document a direct effect of countrywide institutions on audit risk assessment.     

交易所年报问询能提升上市公司盈余质量吗？——基于深交所数据的实证分析

在上市公司公告年报后,交易所会组织专业人员对年报进行审核,并针对可能的疑问向上市公司发放年报问询函,要求公司回复并公开披露。基于这一制度背景,以深交所A股上市公司为研究对象,针对2014年至2017年间年报被问询的上市公司进行研究,发现在控制其他因素后,当年度年报被交易所问询的公司,其盈余管理程度更高、盈余质量更差,表明交易所在年报审核中是有的放矢的,关注到此类盈余质量更差的公司;同时发现,国有控股公司被问询的可能性低于非国有控股公司,表明交易所在年报问询中可能存在偏倚现象;进一步检验发现在年报被问询后,公司次年的盈余管理程度依然较高,盈余质量并未得到改善,年报问询这一非处罚性监管措施在改善盈余质量方面的监管效果有限。     

Auditor Industry Specialization,Political Economy and Earnings Quality: Some Cross‐Country Evidence

Using cross‐country data, we evaluate the impact of investor protection on the association between earnings quality and audits by industry specialists. Our findings show that the positive association between industry specialist auditors and earnings quality as documented in the literature is affected by the political electoral system, which reflects investor protection rights in a country. We document that audits by industry specialists are associated with higher earnings quality in countries with the proportional electoral system, reflecting weak investor protection. Our results also confirm Kwon et al.'s findings that overall there is a positive association between earnings quality and audits by industry specialists in countries with weak legal enforcement. Our findings, however, indicate that Kwon et al.'s results are valid only for countries with weak investor protection reflected by the proportional electoral system and not for countries with strong investor protection reflected by the majoritarian electoral system. These findings thus suggest that higher earnings quality of firms audited by industry specialists across countries can especially be expected when investor protection is low and legal enforcement is also weak. In addition, our research suggests that future cross‐country studies could explicitly consider the role of the political electoral system of a country in evaluating corporate governance, management and accounting issues.     

Earnings Management Vehicles for Korean Firms

We investigated the vehicles that Korean firms use when the firms manage earnings. We partitioned our sample into low, mid and high accrual sub‐samples based on discretionary accruals. Low accrual firms are defined as income‐decreasing firms whereas the high accrual firms are considered income increasing firms in this study. We decomposed accounting earnings into cash from operations and various components of accruals in a systematic way. Next we examined the types of accruals individual firms use when the respective firms increase reported earnings. The empirical results of the study indicate that there are clear discrepancies in the earnings management vehicles firm use when the firms manage earnings depending on the directions of earnings management. More specifically, income‐increasing firms frequently employ non‐cash revenues including asset‐disposal gains. Income‐decreasing firms employ non‐cash expenses including bad‐debt expenses and asset‐disposal losses. Firms also tend to use current accruals but to a limited extent as current accruals entail cash flow implications in the following years.     

Accounting Choice and Earnings Quality: The Case of Software Development

In this study I explore how accounting choice affects earnings quality in the software development industry. SFAS No. 86, which requires capitalization of software development costs (SDC), is the only exception in the US to SFAS No. 2, which requires immediate expensing of all research and development (R&D) expenditures. Aboody and Lev (1998) suggest that capitalized SDC are value-relevant. Thus, expensing of these costs might introduce noise into earnings. However, it has been suggested that future benefits associated with SDC are highly uncertain (Software Publishers Association). Consequently, capitalization might introduce noise into earnings by capitalizing unproductive expenditures. Hence, it is not clear how managers' choice between capitalization and expensing will affect earnings quality. I first find that there is a decline in the quality of earnings in the software industry after the adoption of SFAS No. 86, whereas no such decline is observed in other high-tech industries. Second, I find that, within the software industry, the quality of earnings for expensers is greater than for capitalizers. Finally, I find that, among the capitalizers, those with a large increase in software capital have lower earnings quality than others. Overall, the results suggest that capitalization of software costs does not improve earnings quality.