国外旅游目的地定位研究文献综述

定位是当前旅游市场竞争日趋激烈形势下目的地至关重要的营销工作。文章在综合检索国外目的地定位相关研究文献的基础上,对其8个方面的研究关注点的内容进行了较为详细的回顾和评析。最后,对国外目的地定位研究所呈现出的特点和走向作了总结,并简要探讨了其对国内相关研究的启示。     

中国出境旅游市场研究亟须深入

似乎没有一个国家和地区不重视中国出境旅游市场的,因为中国出境旅游市场有着让人无比羡慕的消费能力。但是对我国出境市场的发展应有清晰的判断和把握,相关各方越来越看好其在推动中国旅游企业＂走出去＂方面潜力的时候,     

出境旅游安全保障的相关措施

出境旅游市场在中国不断扩大,越来越多的游客将目的地选择扩展到境外。中国旅游研究院发布的出境游研究报告显示,中国公民旅游目的地国家和地区达到140个,正式实施开放的旅游目的地达到110个。     

中国出境旅游变动趋势分析

为了把握中国作为新兴的全球旅游业重要出境客源地的发展前景和变动趋势，本文从出境旅游市场发展规模、决策类型和价格影响、目的地偏好、旅游方式、消费能力等方面作了详细的分析，并提出了相应建议。     

中国旅游发展笔谈——出境旅游（三）：出境旅游实践三思

自中国政府开放中国公民出境旅游后,特别是近10年来,随着老百姓生活越来越富裕,中国公民可以前往的旅游目的地国家越来越多。国内组团社越来越成熟,出境产品越来越丰富,出境旅游呈现快速增长的趋势,在旅行社业务中占据越来越重要的地位。以春秋国旅为例,在10年前,出境游部门只有十几位员工,至今成长为拥有了100多名员工的大部门。     

出境旅游实践三思

自中国政府开放中国公民出境旅游后,特别是近10年来,随着老百姓生活越来越富裕,中国公民可以前往的旅游目的地国家越来越多。国内组团社越来越成熟,出境产品越来越丰富,出境旅游呈现快速增长的趋势,在旅行社业务中占据越来越重要的地位。以春秋国旅为例,在10年前,出境游部门只有十几位员工,至今成长为拥有了100多名员工的大部门。     

中国出境旅游市场发展与理论需求

近年来中国出境旅游高速发展,2001～2010年中国出境人数年均增长了19％。出境旅游市场规模、消费能力与增长潜力已经引起了全世界的关注。     

中国出境旅游产业发展特征研究

中国出境旅游产业有其自身特殊规律。中国出境游组团社的规模持续扩大,区域分布呈现不均衡状态,境外服务空间不断扩展;出境游组团社占旅行社总量比重很小,但贡献度极高。出境旅游市场已基本形成区域性寡头垄断格局,组团社批零一体化体系开始呈现内部化趋势,组团社在产业链条上的控制力逐步增强,并开始以管理和信息技术来推动出境旅游商业模式创新。组团社产品开发模式多元化,产品创新呈现常态化,且注重对出境旅游产品品牌的塑造。     

旅游目的地品牌差异化定位研究——基于品牌个性视角

品牌个性是旅游目的地品牌定位的重要视角。文章以西湖、西溪湿地、大运河·杭州3个地理区位相近、旅游吸引物相似的旅游目的地为样本,从品牌个性视角对旅游目的地品牌的差异化定位进行了探讨。研究结果发现,尽管3个旅游目的地的投射品牌个性在一定程度上具有相似性,但它们之间的感知品牌个性则显现出显著的差异性。自身投射与感知品牌个性的一致性在3个旅游目的地之间存在显著差别:西湖景区一致性最高,西溪湿地景区次之,大运河·杭州景区最低。在此基础上,文章就3个旅游目的地品牌定位给出了方向性建议,并从品牌个性视角对旅游目的地品牌差异化定位模式进行了探究。     

人口特征对居民出境旅游目的地选择的影响——一个基于TPB模型的实证分析

2012年,中国已跃居世界出境旅游市场第一大国地位.中国居民出境旅游消费问题成为社会各界关注的焦点,但鲜有文献关注中国居民出境旅游目的地选择个体差异问题.该研究以西方经典的计划行为理论为基础,创新性地将人口特征变量引入TPB模型,采用全国性大规模调查数据,对TPB模型在中国情境下居民出境旅游目的地选择行为研究的适用性进行检验的基础上,重点对人口特征在行为意向与行为关系中所起的调节作用进行实证检验.结果表明:(1)TPB模型对中国情境下居民出境旅游目的地选择行为问题具有很好的解释力;(2)以年龄、受教育程度和收入为代表的人口特征在旅游目的地选择行为意向与选择行为之间起显著调节作用;(3)居民对旅游目的地态度作为人口特征影响目的地选择意向的中介作用并不显著.研究不仅为中国出境旅游组团社经营出境游产品提供理论依据,而且为旅游目的地国家针对中国市场制定营销策略提供决策参考.     

Projected Images of Major Chinese Outbound Destinations

This study aimed to explore the projected images of major outbound destinations based on popular travel magazines in China. Travel articles on Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan from 2006 to 2008 were content analyzed. Japan was reported on most, and the projected images of the six destinations are dominated by leisure and recreation, and culture, history and art. Correspondence analysis was used to examine relationships between destinations and popular image attributes. The results showed that South Korea and Macau had distinct projected images, whereas Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Vietnam shared many similar image attributes. Practical implications for destination marketing organizations are provided.     

Predicting Intended and Actual Travel Behaviors: An Examination of Chinese Outbound Tourists to Australia

This exploratory study examines the predictive power of psychographic and demographic variables on intended and actual travel behaviors. A pre-tour and after-tour survey on the intended and actual travel behaviors of 397 Chinese ¹ 1. For the specific purposes of this research, “China” refers to Mainland China, excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan due to their historical background. Hence, Chinese tourists refer to tourists from Mainland China. View all notes outbound tourists to Australia was conducted. Four of the five intended travel behaviors (Sightseeing, Culture and Heritage Activity, Shopping and Dining, and Entertainment) and three of the five actual travel behaviors (Sightseeing, Culture and Heritage Activity, and Entertainment) proved to be statistically significant with a combination of psychographic and demographic contributors. The results of this study are discussed and the market implications indicated.     

中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究

出境旅游持续快速增长,国际旅游双流格局渐次形成,是当前中国旅游业国际化的主要表现.出境旅游发展会改变国际旅游收支关系,但是,即使出现旅游赤字,也不一定对宏观经济产生负面作用.出境旅游发展会刺激中国入境旅游增长,促进旅游企业的跨国经营,有利于提升中国旅游产业的整体素质.当前,政府无需对出境旅游加以直接规制,但需要采取多种跟进措施.     

消费主义与中国公民出境旅游高消费行为探析

本文依据社会学的消费理论，尤其是消费主义理论，对中国公民出境旅游的高消费行为进行了剖析，揭示了这种高消费行为隐含的符号价值指向厦形成原因，并对抵制炫耀性旅游消费提出了应对之策。     

试论我国出境旅游管理体制改革问题

现行的出境旅游经营服务和管理,在保证旅游及其服务质量和旅游者的合法权益、贯彻国家旅游发展方针等方面均存在着明显的不足,其主要原因就是没有建立统一的出境旅游体系,现行各条渠道、各个体系独立运作,彼此职责划分和相互协调都不太好。因此,必须通过制订法规,尽快建立统一的居民因私出境旅游管理体系,以从根本上解决现存的主要问题,保证居民出境旅游的适度、健康发展。     

Terrorism,Economic Uncertainty and Outbound Travel from Hong Kong

Abstract

This paper reports on the findings of three consumer surveys conducted in Hong Kong examining and outbound travel frequency and future travel intentions. The surveys were conducted in December, 2000, October, 2001, some three weeks after the September 11th terrorist attacks, and in April/May 2002, thus enabling the researchers to track the immediate and medium term impacts of the 9–11 incident on outbound tourism. The study revealed that a dramatic softening in intentions to travel was reported, yet no apparent differences were noted in overall travel participation rates before and six months after the event. However, consumers have modified their travel activities, taking shorter trips and expressing greater concerns about the safety of travel. The study further reveals that consumer confidence in the safety of outbound travel is returning, but more enduring economic concerns are beginning to affect travel intentions.     

Segmenting Chinese Outbound Tourists by Perceived Constraints

This study examines travel constraints experienced by Chinese outbound tourists. Four constraint factors are identified from visitor data collected in 2006: structural constraint, cultural constraint, information constraint, and knowledge constraint. Information constraint is identified as a factor unique to outbound tourists from China. Among the four constraint factors, structural constraint is the most dominant. Four clusters of visitors are therefore identified: culturally constrained, structurally constrained, absence of sufficient information, and knowledge constrained. The four clusters are distinct in terms of their destination loyalty. The characteristics of each segment are given, and the practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

The Japanese Travel Life Cycle

Summary

This paper offers an alternative way of segmenting a non-western travel market, namely, the Japanese outbound market. The segmentation schema comprises several institutionalised forms of travel likely to be undertaken by a Japanese individual in the course of his or her life. Coined the ‘travel life cycle,' the concept fits Japanese society well due to the highly organized and group-oriented patterns of travel that have emerged over the past one hundred years. While this form of segmentation is unlikely to be usefully applied to western travel markets, its application in the Japanese context may suggest that it has relevance when examining the travel patterns of other tradition-bound and group-oriented Asian travel markets such as Korea, China or Indonesia. The paper's conceptual contribution lies in the implicit suggestion that particular cultures may develop and exhibit unique forms of consumption behavior that lie outside the conceptual framework normally adopted by western academics and marketing practitioners. Manageri-ally, the paper suggests ways by which tourism operators and tourism promotion bodies can more efficiently and effectively target Japanese travellers according to the stage of travel life cycle.     

中国出境旅游高速增长的负面影响探析

旅游业是相当于我国GDP近6%的重要产业.国际旅游是旅游者的跨国界流动,是旅游者的消费能力从客源国转移到东道国的释放,被称为无形贸易和"风景资源的就地出口".20世纪90年代以前我国的国际旅游以入境旅游为主要形式,它曾是我国创汇的重要渠道."九五"以来,我国出境旅游持续快速发展.事实上,出境旅游的超高速增长正使我国旅游业面临由创汇产业向耗汇产业的过渡.本文拟从经济社会的宏观角度,将当前我国旅游业的发展看成是我国特定经济社会条件下的产物,从这个角度分析出境旅游的超常发展是否在"适度"的范围,探讨出境旅游发展对宏观经济、国际收支平衡和和谐社会的影响;并基于这种形势判断和负面影响分析,提出相应的政策调控构想.