Perspectives of a Trademark Attorney on the Branding of Innovative Products

One of the most important decisions facing new products managers is the selection of a brand name. Far too often, this decision is postponed or treated casually, leading to a myriad of later problems. Thomas Hemnes, a practicing trademark attorney, discusses these problems. He notes the importance of the choice of both the trademark and generic names for the new product and also provides helpful guidance. In addition, he discusses particular needs for documentation and record keeping, linked to both trademark selection and trademark maintenance. Finally, he draws important distinctions between trademark and patent registration, closing with a discussion of differences between practices in the United States and elsewhere in the world.     

Trademarks,market power,and information

This paper examines the advantages of market power acquired or maintained through trademark. Without denying the benefits to consumers of trademark protection, several objections to trademark-based dominant positions are raised:-1- the possibility that in certain cases the social benefits are less than the sum of private benefits, and less than the social costs, of trademark protection;-2- the link between trademarks and incorrect perceptions of quality differentials; and-3- certain problems which may arise in tying two trademarked products.     

Why can collective action fail in Local Agri-food Systems? A social network analysis of cheese producers in Aculco,Mexico

Collective trademark and regional product qualification in food-processing industries have become a growing challenge for farmers in developing countries. This challenge is the target of collective action-based programs aiming at framing the cooperation context that would enable a local community to turn inherited resources and know-how into new market opportunities. Literature acknowledges that social capital is a crucial local resource for successful collective actions since it is a source of trust and collective commitment within a community. This paper deals with testing the role of this resource in the collective action case of the cheese producers in Aculco (Mexico). Focusing on the connectedness dimension of social capital, we propose an original methodology that relies on the multiplex and structural properties of social networks. This allows us to disentangle the opposite and ambivalent effects of social capital on the ability of a community to reach the goals assigned by the collective action program. Our empirical study shows that these critical properties can work in favor of adherence to collective action but can also create elite capture, clannish behaviors and entry barriers, thus showing a failure of collective action.     

Sales recruiting—A major area of underinvestment

How does a firm decide whether the amount now being spent to generate sales force applicants is too much, not enough, or about right? This question can be answered by using information routinely generated by corporate activities and a relatively straight forward decision theory technique. To illustrate that technique, an analysis was conducted for a hypothetical but by no means atypical firm. The results suggest that many corporations could appreciably increase their overall profitability by spending more on sales force recruitment and selection.     

Technology and Rights

What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal protections for rights against particular political and technological changes in this post 9-11 climate. New streams of rights acting as a safeguard against further incursions of technology into civil liberties are explored. We also address intellectual property rights and international trends in copyright, patent and trademark laws. We question whether these issues of technology and rights have a place in current technological literacy scenarios.     

论商标抢注的过错构成与责任分配

近年来商标抢注现象在我国呈愈演愈烈的趋势,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。长期以来我们在追究抢注行为的责任时,总是将全部的谴责和法律责任归于抢注者。然而事实上,这种归责方式不但难以有效地遏制当前的抢注现象,而且有违公平公正的理念。笔者认为抢注现象的出现并非抢注者的一人之过,被抢注者、商标主管部门乃至立法者在这一问题上都负有不可推卸的责任。因此,我们应当从深层挖掘抢注现象出现的原因,重新建立商标抢注责任在抢注者、被抢注者、商标主管部门以及立法者之间的分配机制。     

Industrial product concept testing

Concept tests are widely used for consumer packaged goods products; however, their use has not been widely described for industrial products. Concept tests can be particularly useful in situations where creation of working prototype products is expensive, as with many industrial products. We report a concept testing procedure that incorporates many features unique to industrial marketing problems. The results of a limited pilot test of the method are given.     

Industrial life cycles and learning curves: Interaction of marketing and production

The price-oriented experience curve has been widely utilized as a model to design marketing strategies. Yet, it is cost over which many firms exercise the most control. This article explores the cost-oriented learning curve in conjunction with the product life cycle model as joint strategy constructs. Implications of variations in the learning curve parameters are examined.     

An Empirical Comparison of Sales Forecasting Models

There has been a veritable industry of forecasting models in recent decades, spurred partly by planners' search for certainty and partly by the data crunching capabilities of computers. In this article, Sanjay-kumar Rao tests two families of models on some common data sets to see how they compare. He examines how well the models fit the data and how reliable they are as forecasting tools.     

Nine Tested Ways to Mislead Product Planners

Once concept development is completed, the next stage of the new product project has begun. It's time for more marketing research—good marketing research, because mistakes at this stage mean big money losses as well as job losses. This article sets out a number of marketing research mistakes that product planners should watch for.     

Key managerial factors in new venture departments

Two clusters of factors —the “corporate strategic posture” and the New Venture Department (NVD) “political posture” — appear to determine the direction of an NVD's evolution. The “corporate strategic posture” refers to the cycles of diversification and consolidation that typically characterize corporate growth. A corporation's “strategic posture” at any given point in time can be positioned on a continuum, one end of which is a “diversifying” posture, while the other end is a “consolidating” posture.     

Prices and Departures in European Domestic Aviation Markets

Using data on 172 domestic city-pair markets in eight European countries, weinvestigate the effect of the market structure on airlines choices of departuresand prices. We find that flag carriers have a higher number of departures thanother airlines and that it is more likely that flag carriers are monopolists. At thesame time flag carriers do not have a higher ticket price than other airlines. Theinfluence of market power, measured with the Herfindahl index, does not havea significant effect on ticket prices, but a significant effect on the number ofdepartures: decreased market concentration and an increased number of airlinesresults in increased aggregate frequencies. Comparing the predicted ticket prices,at sample mean, between monopoly and non-monopoly routes we can reject thehypothesis of differences in equilibrium price. However, the predicted aggregatenumber of departures, calculated at sample mean, is significantly higher at non-monopoly routes compared with monopoly routes.     

DERIVATION OF AN INTERTEMPORAL CORRELATION COEFFICIENT MODEL BASED ON CASH FLOW COMPONENTS AND PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION OF A PROJECT'S NPV

If the first two moments (mean and variance) of the net present value (NPV) are known, various probabilistic information of possible NPV can be derived. However, in general, it is practically impossible to estimate the variance of lengthy investment projects due to difficulties in estimating all the intertemporal correlation coefficients between cash flows of two different periods. In this paper, we derive an estimation model for the intertemporal coefficients based on cash flow components and show how the model, under a certain assumption, can be used for estimating and deriving probabilistic information.     

Minimal Euclidean distance chart based on support vector regression for monitoring mean shifts of auto-correlated processes

Though traditional control charts have been widely used as effective tools in statistical process control (SPC), they are not applicable in many industrial applications where the process variables are highly auto-correlated. In this study, one new minimal Euclidean distance (MED) based monitoring approach is proposed for enhancing the monitoring mean shifts of auto-correlated processes. Support vector regression (SVR) is used to predict the values of a variable in time series. Through calculating minimal Euclidean distance (MED) values over time series, a novel MED chart is developed for monitoring mean shifts, and it can provide a comprehensive and quantitative assessment for the current process state. The performance of the proposed MED control chart is evaluated based on average run length (ARL). Simulation experiments are conducted and one industrial case is illustrated to validate the effectiveness of the developed MED control chart. The analysis results indicate that the developed MED control chart is more effective than other control charts for small process mean shifts in auto-correlated processes, and it can be used as a promising tool for SPC.     

西部煤炭资源最优开发区域选择的评价研究

文章构建了煤矿企业在实施异地投资开发战略的评价指标体系 ,运用层次分析 (AHP)原理对目标资源区的备选方案进行定量化分析 ,并给出了评价模型。本文提供的实例以某集团西部资源开发区域的决策实践为基础 ,此项评估工作的全过程对同类企业有一定的借鉴作用     

Rating industrial advertisements

Industrial advertisers can create more effective advertisements if they have some notion about the immediate effect their advertising has on the target audience. Here, a multiple item scale is developed for categorizing an audience's reactions to print ads. The proposed scale is discussed as a copytesting instrument and could be used to evaluate alternative executions in order to indicate which ads may be most effective.     

Reaffirming the management ethic in industrial firms

These then are the ground rules underlying what I call “the manegement ethic.”They are based on common sense, logic, and a sense of fair play—but then, that is quite simply what good management is all about. There is nothing original about these ideas; nor, as can be seen from the following quotation, is there anything new about them.We trained hard—but it seemed that every time we were beginning to form up into teams, we would be reorganized. I was to learn later in life that we tend to meet any new situation by reorganizing. And what a wonderful method it can be for creating the illusion of progress while producing confusion, inefficiency and demoralization.     

Geography and power in an organizational forum: Evidence from the U.S. Senate Chamber

We examine the role that geography plays in structuring interactions within an organizational setting designed to promote broad patterns of interaction: the organizational forum. We propose that, within a forum, an individual's location structures his or her access to peer support, but individuals with power (i.e., those who control the flow of organizational resources) can transcend these geographic constraints. We examine these propositions with data collected on strategic actors in the U.S. Senate Chamber. Using a dyad fixed effects approach, time‐varying controls, selection‐on‐observables estimation, and quasi‐exogenous shocks to seating arrangements, we find support for our propositions. These results contribute to our understanding of strategic interaction patterns, with an emphasis on the geographic scaffold upon which strategic actions are constructed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selecting Winning New Product Projects: Using the NewProd System

Separating probable winners from probable losers is the goal of the new product screening task, and Professor Robert G. Cooper has developed a model that does this with remarkable success. In this article, he reviews various approaches to new product screening and then presents the basics of the NewProd model. NewProd now has a history of use in industry that seems to be fulfilling its original research promise. Professor Cooper shows how managers can build their own screening models and outlines how such models can contribute in an important way to better new product selection decisions. Over the years, Professor Cooper has conducted a series of major research projects that have aimed at improvements in the new product process. Their hallmark has been managerial relevance and a sound theoretical foundation. This article, the third that Professor Cooper has published in JPIM , is in the same tradition.     

程序代码转换技术的研究与实现

程序代码转换技术是程序代码抄袭检测技术中的一个重要部分。程序代码转换技术就是把一个程序看作一个文本串,然后再通过一定的文法分析将这个文本串转换成描述程序基本信息的标记串的过程。目前已有多个较有效的抄袭检测系统,如：Jplag,MOSS,YAP等等,但是这些系统中对如何把程序代码进行转换成串的,并没有详细的介绍。本文针对这种情况设计了一个实验系统来实现程序代码转换技术,并进行了验证。