技术进步对我国人力资本形成的影响

目前我国正处于改革开放条件下的经济体制转型阶段，一方而快速技术进步会起到诱致人力资本投资增加，加速人力资本形成的作用。另一方面在高技能劳动力供给缺乏弹性的情况下，劳动力市场会表现出高低技能劳动力间工资差距的拉大，使人力资本收益率上升，从而诱致人力资本投资增加，进一步促进了人力资本形成。     

劳动力市场分割、金融市场约束与迁移人口的结构变迁

我们通过世代交叠模型来研究中国劳动力市场分割背景下的城乡迁移的长期动态规律。研究表明,中国城乡之间的劳动力市场分割、城乡迁移成本和农村的金融约束共同塑造了中国城乡迁移的长期基本特征。农村人员迁移方式的选择不仅仅是其对城乡收入差距的静态反应,更多的反映了迁移人员对不同教育投资水平的长期理性选择。我们的定量化研究表明,打破城乡劳动力市场分割,深化户籍制度改革,改善中国农村的金融环境,可以不断的优化城乡劳动力迁移的数量结构和工资结构,完善迁移人员的人力资本投资和教育水平,降低城乡收入差距和全国收入不平等的程度,加速中国二元经济转型。     

人力资本结构、全要素生产率对城乡收入差距的影响

本文实证检验了人力资本结构与全要素生产率增长对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现,人力资本结构优化,提高大专及以上学历的劳动力相对占比可以显著降低城乡之间人均工资收入比,特别是在中、西部地区。全要素生产率增长,技术进步水平提高,可以有效减小中、西部各地区的城乡收入差距,但在东部地区却呈现出扩大效应。     

人力资本对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响

农村剩余劳动力转移是指农村劳动力以增加收入、获得更好的职业发展和生活环境为目的，以地区之间、城乡之间和产业之间的收入差距为杠杆，随着产业结构、城乡结构、就业结构和收入结构的变迁而向非农部门配置劳动力资源的过程。其实质是一个劳动力流动和优化配置的过程。农村剩余劳动力的转移有利于缩小城乡差距，打破城乡劳动力市场的分割，促进劳动力的合理流动和统一劳动力市场的形成，进而也有利于和谐社会的建设。然而在现实社会中，有诸多因素制约着农村剩余劳动力的转移，其中，人力资本因素是一个值得关注的因素。     

新型城镇化下劳动力人力资本投资与城乡收入差异分析——以中部六省为例

城乡一体化是新型城镇化的主要内容。人力资本投资在现代经济增长理论中具有缓和及降低社会收入分配不平等的功能,通过对人力资本投资与城乡收入差异进行关联分析,建立面板数据模型进行实证分析,得出提高人力资本投入和加大人力资本的积累对缩小中部地区城乡收入差异具有正向作用,并且演算出中部地区人力资本投资与城乡收入差异的弹性比例关系,即把中部地区作为一个整体来看,在其他条件不变的情况下,城乡人力资本投资差异缩小1%,将使城乡收入差距缩小0.4689%。     

扩大农民工就业的路径选择——基于治理劳动力市场分割的视角

文章分析了劳动力市场分割影响农民工就业的原因,从治理劳动力市场分割的角度,提出了扩大农民工就业的主要路径:盘活农村土地资源、把建制镇建成小城镇、实行农民退休和养老保险制度、剥离城镇户籍制度上的福利成分、加强电力、交通、通讯三项基础设施建设、缩小垄断行业和竞争行业的收入差距、增加第三产业的就业比重、加大对农民工人力资本的投资、实行企事业单位全员聘任制等。     

不断缩小流动人口收入差距

改革开放以来,流动人口作为我国劳动力市场的重要组成部分,在推进我国经济社会发展和城镇化进程中发挥了重要作用。作为规模庞大的群体,不同区域内流动人口的收入水平仍在分化,城乡之间流动人口的收入差距仍在扩大,流动人口内部的收入不平等程度仍未缩小,深刻影响着我国居民的收入分配格局。建议综合施策,通过加强教育与培训、推动区域平衡发展、完善社会保障制度、健全劳动力市场等措施,不断缩小流动人口收入差距,改善收入分配状况,助力加快实现共同富裕。     

人力资本投资是企业技术创新之本

一、人力资本投资是技术进步的源泉 技术进步在经济增长中的作用越来越大。如八、九十年代发达国家技术进步带来的GDP的增长占其全部增长的70％以上,即使我国与发达国家存在着巨大的差距,但这一比重也达到了25％左右。对此,我们要有清醒的认识:技术进步的落后决定着巨大的差距,只有依靠技术进步才能缩小或消除这种差距。     

重庆农村人力资本外溢对城乡差距的影响研究

重庆市农村人力资本外溢对城乡收入差距的影响巨大,外溢价值主要是由歧视性等因素造成的,当前超过三成的城乡收入差距是农村人力资本外溢效应带来的。在统筹城乡经济社会发展的背景下,政府应采取有效措施,加大对农村人力资本投入力度,建立统一的劳动力市场,积极引导劳动力向小城镇转移,大力发展农村经济,统筹城乡发展。     

资本密集型投资偏好、城镇化发展与城乡收入差距

本文从理论层面探讨资本密集型投资偏好等因素对城乡收入差距的影响机制,并结合2005—2012年的省级面板数据分别运用面板静态和动态估计方法对理论模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明：尽管城镇化发展有助于缩小城乡收入差距,但资本密集型偏好显著恶化了中国城乡收入差距,并在很大程度上蚕食了发展城镇化、提高对外开放水平、提升人力资本等因素对缩小城乡收入差距的贡献。因此,为更好地实现城乡协调发展,中国需要纠正以往的资本密集型投资倾向。这一结论也对缩小城乡收入差距的政策选择具有一定的参考价值。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.