浅谈汽车怠速不良的原因及控制措施

怠速是指发动机在无负荷的情况下的稳定运转状态。怠速不良是电控发动机维修中最常见的故障。文章依据怠速控制原理，结合实例对此类故障进行了研讨和简单总结，详细分析了发生发动机怠速不良的故障原因，并对如何检测和排除怠速不良的故障提出了合理建议，以供参考。     

发动机怠速不稳的故障诊断及排除

发动机空转时称为怠速,即汽车档位为空挡。怠速即是发动机"出功不出力"。怠速是克服发动机本身的运转阻力,维持发动机最小转速,以便于驾驶员在各种情况下行驶和临时停车提供便利的装置。     

常用轿车的怠速调整操作方法

在发动机的调整工作中,怠速调整是最基本的调整工作。怠速调整的好坏直接关系到发动机的运行状态、污染物的排放程度和经济性。     

汽车电控发动机怠速不正常的原因分析与故障诊断

本汽车在使用过程中,会出现各种各样的故障,而在所有故障中,发动机怠速不正常现象表现最为频繁,同时也最不易诊断。本文就发动机怠速不正常故障的原因、诊断方法作具体分析。     

丰田卡罗拉轿车怠速不良的故障诊断与排除

本文是针对一辆丰田卡罗拉轿车,在使用过程中,出现发动机运转怠速不良,主要表现为发动机转速过低的故障,进行的诊断与排除,重点阐述了导致发动机怠速不良的原因分析,采用先进的故障诊断仪器,读取故障数据信息,通过查询维修手册,并进行数据对比,最终找到该故障的故障点,简化了维修流程,在实际工作中具有一定的指导意义。     

简述汽车电控发动机维修方法

一、发动机电控技术发动机电控技术包含内容也很多。主要由发动机电控燃油喷射系统、发动机电控点火正时系统、发动机怠速控制系统三个部分组成。     

“一高一低”调怠速

怠速,是指维持发动机自身运转的最低稳定转速。它的好与坏直接影响摩托车的技术性能与耗油量。而怠速的调整主要是通过两个螺钉来实现的,但究竟如何调整这两个螺钉呢?笔者发现许多车友在调整怠速时,往往错误地采用“两低”的方法进行调整(即无论调整哪个螺钉都欲使发动机转速降低),结果达不到所希望的目的。     

轿车电喷发动机怠速不良故障的检修

一、怠速转速太低 怠速转速太低的原因有：怠速控制阀故障；怠速空气通道堵塞；节气门位置传感器信号不正确；空气流量计或进气压力传感器信号不良；氧传感器信号错误：油压过低：喷油器故障；点火正时不正确：真空管插错；点火系统故障；开关信号不良；废气再循环阀故障；ECU故障和发动机机械部分故障等。     

汽车怠速故障的排故方案设计

本文从汽车怠速故障现象的角度出发,分析汽车在特定故障现象下的故障排除方法。本文主要研究发动机怠速故障的解决方案,将故障原因初步分为进气系统、点火系统、燃油系统、机械系统四大类。本文针对汽车的怠速各种故障进行研究,设计了一个模块化的排故流程,对于4S店日常维修作业以及车主对私家车的保养有一定的借鉴作用。     

发动机转速电控系统设计及仿真研究

为保障发动机的正常运行,文章设计了以AT89C52单片机为核心的发动机转速电控系统,对发动机转速进行实时检测,并在发动机怠速、超速时进行相应的控制。设计主要包括转速采集模块、单片机核心控制模块、显示模块、步进电机控制模块四大部分,并对系统硬件设计和软件程序进行仿真调试,达到了预期设计效果。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。