Case analysis of Canadian self–employment assistance programming 1

A fundamental question of interest to both researchers and practitioners alike focuses on why some individuals discover and elect to exploit opportunities to create future goods and services while others do not. Past studies have focused on the role knowledge-based resources play in the early stages of new venture creation, yet few have considered the role cognitive motivations play in impacting the processing and use of information during this process. In this study, we theorize that a cognitive need for closure (NfC), or possessing a desire for an answer on some topic as opposed to enduring confusion and ambiguity, is an important aspect of the entrepreneurial judgment formation process. We hypothesize that the need for closure will be positively related to nascent entrepreneurial activity because it provides a cognitive mechanism for dealing with the opened-ended nature of opportunity pursuit. Data drawn from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) support this hypothesis. More specifically, results suggest that a high NfC is likely to foster the exploitation of discovered opportunity irrespective of their age, gender, position in the family birth order, or unique personal knowledge base. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

风险投资中对企业家激励模型的研究

风险投资体系中,风险资本家与风险企业家之间形成委托代理关系。风险企业家掌握着关键技术和风险企业的日常经营决策权,在风险投资过程有中举足轻重的作用。本文在委托代理模型的基础上探讨了对风险企业家的激励机制设计模型,研究了如何更好地激励企业家的积极性以降低代理风险,为风险投资业的发展提供了有益的启示。     

创业企业家和创业投资者的控制权争夺

当前各种类型的创业企业非常多,创业企业家是保有其企业控制权还是将控制权交于其他投资者,会受到外界环境和自身条件局限的影响。创业企业家和创业投资者会根据各自利益的不同,结合所处市场环境和自身能力,争夺企业的实际控制权。通过构建企业实际控制权争夺的基本理论模型,本文认为在不确定因素的影响下,创业企业家的风险偏好和创业投资者的投资偏好会影响到企业控制权的初始配置,而控制权的归属是由企业成长过程中绩效的高低程度决定的。     

Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea

Over the last two decades, entrepreneurship has emerged as a mainstream business discipline in the United States. Even after the collapse of the dotcom phenomenon, the global explosion of e-business and new business opportunities created by advances in information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) have widely popularized entrepreneurship for new venture creation. But while entrepreneurship is becoming more prevalent throughout the world, its education by country differs according to cultural context. This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of entrepreneurship education in the U.S. and Korea.     

The importance of surrogate entrepreneurship for incubated Swedish technology ventures

Universities and incubators that are more experienced in venture creation have been found to appoint surrogate entrepreneurs as one way to improve entrepreneurial team formation. However, it is not known how such intervention into the core of a venture affects performance. This article investigates the impact of surrogate entrepreneurs on technology ventures stemming from leading Swedish university incubators. From a total of 170 ventures incorporated 1995–2005, belonging to 16 incubators, 59 ventures (35%) have received incubator help to recruit a surrogate entrepreneur. Swedish surrogate ventures perform significantly better in terms of growth and revenue compared to non-surrogates. Significantly higher performance of surrogates is also found in the subgroup academic technology ventures as well as the largest technology subgroup of information and communication technology (ICT) ventures. These findings in combination with a case study of the most productive incubation environment are used to propose future research and policy regarding university incubators intervening into entrepreneurial team formation in different ways.     

国际化过程模型与国际新创企业模型的比较——以知识为分析视角

作为中小企业国际化研究的代表性理论模型,国际化过程模型和国际新创企业模型之间既有显著的差异也存在着密切的联系。二者之间的比较分析,有望成为构建更具一般性的中小企业国际化理论框架的出发点。本文以知识为主要分析视角,讨论了知识在不同理论模型中的作用,并从理论根源、知识角色、知识来源与获取机制等维度对两种理论模型进行了比较分析。     

公司创业新事业投资决策成败案例对比

聚焦于公司创业过程中的新事业投资决策过程,试图通过对比成败案例,揭示其决策过程的规律,尤其注重刻画创业决策者主体的决策表现及其特征。以口语回溯法和半结构化访谈相结合的手段,调研了13家企业负责人,遴选出两家成功企业与两家失败企业,作为案例采写的主要对象。通过详细的案例描述与对比,研究结果发现:①创业警觉性、以往知识和创新性认知风格是机会识别的关键性要素;②成功决策需兼顾创业机会的可行性和盈利性,决策者应更多采用变革式的新事业投资机会;③成功决策有赖于决策者高度内化的、富有洞察力的预见性,一旦有效识别机会,便会快速付诸于执行,果断排斥外在情境的干扰。     

国际新企业形成的影响因素研究——基于浙江四家企业的案例分析

作为国际商务研究与创业研究融合的一个新兴领域,对于国际新企业的研究已引起越来越多研究者的关注.但已有研究大多集中在发达国家.本文通过对浙江四家国际新企业进行探索性案例研究发现,由于环境和产业类型的差异,现有文献对于国际新企业成立的动机因素的研究结论不能完全运用于案例企业.笔者认为,国际新企业形成的主要影响因素包括企业生存的需要、企业家的先前经历和本地网络关系、产业的国际化程度、国内市场和政策环境等.     

Do Disruptive Visions Pay Off? The Impact of Disruptive Entrepreneurial Visions on Venture Funding

Entrepreneurs often articulate a vision for their venture that purports to fundamentally change, disturb, or re‐order the ways in which organizations, markets, and ecosystems operate. We call these visions disruptivevisions. Neglected in both the disruption and the impression management literature, disruptive visions are widespread in business practice. We integrate real options and impression management theories to hypothesize that articulating a disruptive vision increases the likelihood of the venture receiving funding but reduces the amount of funding obtained. A novel dataset of Israeli start‐ups shows that a standard deviation increase in disruptive vision communication increases the odds of receiving a first round of funding by 22 per cent, but reduces amounts of funds received by 24 per cent. A randomized online experiment corroborates these findings and further demonstrates that the expectation of extraordinary returns is the key mechanism driving investors’ sensemaking.     

知识资本、资源获取对新创企业绩效的影响

在界定知识资本概念的基础上,阐述知识资本、资源获取和新创企业绩效的关系,分析企业创业过程中的关键活动-资源获取对新创企业绩效的作用,结合知识资本对资源获取的影响作用,勾勒出知识资本通过资源获取,实现新创企业绩效的路径。     

网络关系、资源获取与新企业国际化——四家企业的案例研究

基于社会网络理论和资源基础理论,本研究通过运用跨案例研究方法,以浙江四家新企业国际化为例,分析网络关系如何促进新企业在国际化过程中进行资源的获取。研究表明,根据网络连接的强弱与地理距离分类,新企业在国际化过程中建立的网络关系可以分为国内强连接、国内弱连接、国外强连接与国外弱连接,这四种不同类型的网络关系在新企业国际创业过程中扮演不同的角色。对于创业者具有本土背景和具有国际背景的国际新企业而言,不同类型的网络连接对于国际化过程资源获取作用不同。     

新农村建设中土地流转问题探析

在建设社会主义新农村和农业现代化的时代背景下,农村土地流转问题成为农村发展的关键性问题。土地流转能否有序和规范地进行,直接关系着\"三农\"问题的解决。本文对农村土地流转的现状进行了分析研究,阐述了农村土地流转的必要性,分析了当前土地流转的模式、存在的问题和原因以及障碍因素。在此基础上,总结提出了完善农村土地流转制度的几点建议。