Expected Default Probabilities in Structural Models: Empirical Evidence

We apply a set of structural models (Black and Cox 1976; Collin-Dufresne and Goldstein 2001; Ericsson and Reneby 1998; Leland and Toft 1996; Longstaff and Schwartz 1995; Merton 1974) to estimate expected default probabilities (EDPs) for a sample of failed and non-failed UK real estate companies. Results are generally consistent with models’ predictions and estimates of EDPs for different models are closely clustered. The results of z-scores and synthetic ratings misclassify 33% of the total sample in contrast to 8% misclassification by structural models. Further analysis of EDPs based on logistic regressions suggests the observed misclassification of the companies by structural models is due to special company management and/or regulatory circumstances rather than limitations of these models.      

Ruin probabilities and investment under interest force in the presence of regularly varying tails

This paper consists of three parts. In the first part we derive the asymptotic behavior of the optimal ruin probability of an insurer who invests optimally in a stock in the presence of positive interest force and claims with tails of regular variation. Our results extend previously obtained results by Gaier & Grandits () with zero interest, and by Klüppelberg & Stadtmüller () without investment possibility. In the second part we prove an existence theorem for the integro-differential equation for the survival probability of an insurer, who invests a constant fraction of his wealth in a risky stock, and his remaining wealth in a bond with nonnegative interest. Our result extends a previously known result by Wang & Wu (). Finally, in the third part we derive the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probability of the insurer, introduced in the second part, in the presence of claims with tails of regular variation.     

A pedagogical note on the relationship between valuation methods and lifetime income

This paper presents an algebraic analysis to help students understand that the choice of a valuation method may or may not produce a permanent difference in reported income, depending upon a number of factors. By analysing these factors and the relationships among them, accounting students can increase their understanding of alternative accounting techniques and, at the same time, obtain additional practice in developing crucial analytical skills.     

机构投资中基于预测性控制的风险预算方法研究

分析我国机构投资者的风险管理现状,面向机构投资管理需求,引入带有预测功能的控制学方法,形成对风险预算技术进行模型层面优化改进的思路。推导风险预算控制对象的一阶模型,构建控制体系结构图,运用预测性反馈分析代替常规闭环反馈分析,改进风险测度参数,设计出一种基于预测性控制的风险预算方法。运用我国封闭式基金数据进行了实证研究。     

跨境资金流动中的套利模式：一起境外投资案例

在当前国际国内经济形势下,境内外融资成本存在较大差异,部分银行、企业通过资金曲线运作从中获取短期双赢,但在宏观层面上却进一步加大了跨境资金流动的波动性,不利于国际收支平衡,最终会影响到微观经济效率。本文选取了一个境外投资案例,对其资金曲线运作手法、套利模式等进行了深入剖析,进而对当前合法合规套利资金的监管方式进行了延伸性探讨。     

Expropriation risk and technology

This paper develops a unified framework to analyze the dynamics of firm investment in countries with poor legal enforcement. The firm's technology edge over the government generates endogenous property rights. Industry variation in the technology gap predicts a sectoral pecking-order of expropriations. Long-run investment distortions may be Pareto superior relative to persistent investment at the static optimum. The dynamics of investment and transfers depend on whether incentives (backloading) or efficiency (frontloading) concerns dominate at the initial division of surplus. An increase in government efficiency may reduce its welfare. The model provides a technology-driven rationale for the widespread use of conglomerate structures in emerging market countries.     

我国保险资金境外投资风险防范探析

随着保险业发展速度的加快,保险投资资金的不断增多,使保险资金境外投资逐步成为国内保险机构扩展投资领域、提高保险资金投资收益的重要途径。但与境外投资高收益相伴的是不容忽视的高风险,2008年下半年以来,随着美国次级债风波演变为百年难遇的全球性金融危机,国际金融形势风云突变,对外投资形势日趋严峻,我国保险资金对外投资面临着严峻的风险。本文通过对当前我国保险业保险资金境外投资面临的风险分析,采取理论与案例相结合的方式,从保险监管方式、内部风险控制、资产负债匹配、投资比例限制及投资人才储备等方面提出我国保险资金境外投资风险的具体策略和措施。     

我国风险投资组织结构模式的选择与探讨

在分析我国风险投资的现实发展及特点的基础上,分别研究和探讨我国风险投资机构的组织模式选择、我国风险投资业的组织结构设计以及我国风险投资资金来源等问题.     

When Capital Follows Profitability: Non-linear Residual Income Dynamics

Economic reasoning suggests that capital follows profitability. This study introduces into residual income valuation capital follows profitability investment dynamics whereby capital investments are guided by the profitability of underlying investment opportunities. These investment dynamics predict convex versus linear relations between future and current residual income, with slope and convexity dependent on investment opportunity. We test these predictions against the linear information dynamics (LID) proposed by Ohlson (1995) and Feltham and Ohlson (1996), with supportive results. These findings point the way to further development of links between firm value and the economics of value creation.     

Information reduction via level crossings in a credit risk model

This paper provides an alternative credit risk model based on information reduction where the market only observes the firm’s asset value when it crosses certain levels, interpreted as changes significant enough for the firm’s management to make a public announcement. For a class of diffusion processes we are able to provide explicit expressions for the firm’s default intensity process and its zero-coupon bond prices.      

人力资本投资:风险与风险规避

自美国经济学家发现人力资本对经济发展的巨大贡献以来,人们的注意力主要集中于阐述人力资本投资的高收益性,而人力资本投资的风险性却很少被论及。实现有效的人力资本投资,必须建立在充分认识人力资本投资特点的基础上,而规避人力资本投资风险的根本途径是明晰人力资本产权和建立人力资本市场。     

ODI与我国企业所得税激励政策

税收激励是促进我国对外直接投资发展的重要税收政策手段。但是我国的现行对外直接投资企业所得税激励政策存在诸多问题,如政策导向性弱、避免国际重复征税的措施不健全等。在借鉴国外激励对外直接投资的税收政策基础上,我们提出明确ODI税收政策的区域和产业导向,进一步完善消除国际双重征税的措施等建议,以优化我国对外直接投资企业所得税激励政策。     

我国公共投资对城乡收入差距的影响

基于2003-2012年我国省级面板数据,利用虚拟变量、单位根检验、协整检验和回归模型等,对我国公共投资城乡收入差距效应进行实证研究。结果表明：我国城乡公共投资差距缩小或收敛会促进城乡收入差距的缩小,中部、西部地区这种正向关系非常显著,但东部地区这种正向关系不很明显。     

外商对华直接投资的经济增长效应分析

随着中国经济的平稳和快速增长,外商对华直接投资呈现出不断增长的趋势。就外商对华直接投资的经济效应而言,FDI与GDP的增长率高度吻合。FDI对我国宏观经济的多个变量都产生了深远的影响,并且FDI通过影响这些变量,进而增加了国民收入水平,促进了经济增长。     

试述企业境外投资税收风险控制

本文就中国企业境外投资所涉及的税收风险问题进行了归纳与分析,并从六个方面就如何降低企业境外投资税收风险提出了建议。     

Taxing multinationals in a world with portfolio flows and R&D: Is capital export neutrality obsolete?

This paper examines recent claims that capital export neutrality no longer serves as an effective principle for the taxation of income from foreign direct investment, due to the large and growing role played by portfolio capital in financing investment and to the recognition that R&D is an important determinant of international trade and investment. In our evaluation of these claims, we find capital export neutrality appears robust. Because both domestic and foreign activities may be financed with portfolio capital, and they both produce goods that compete in the world economy, there is no compelling reason to grant a lower tax to foreign income alone. Regarding the promotion of R&D or the entry of new competitors, cutting the tax on foreign income may be no more effective than cutting the tax on domestic income. A second focus of the paper is to calculate what the residual U.S. tax rate on active foreign income actually is. Based on 1990 data this rate is negative if foreign income is defined appropriately.