Exact solutions for ruin probability in the presence of an absorbing upper barrier

Abstract

An explicit solution for the probability of ruin in the presence of an absorbing upper barrier was developed by Segerdahl (1970) for the particular case in which both the interoccurrence times between successive claims and the single claim amounts follow an exponential distribution with unit mean. In this paper we show that his method of solution may be extended to produce explicit solutions for two more general types of single claim amount distribution. These are the gamma distribution, denoted γ(a), where a is an integer, and the mixed exponential distribution. Comparisons are drawn between this approach when the upper barrier tends to infinity, and the classical solution for ruin probability in these particular cases given in Cramér (1955).     

The contract,accounting and trust: A case study of an international joint venture (IJV) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

This paper reports on the results of a case study that examines the effect of the contract and accounting on inter-organisational trust in an international joint venture (IJV). The empirical setting of the research was an IJV relation between a United Arab Emirates (UAE) firm and its western partner. Data were gathered from multiple sources, including documents, observations, interviews and discussions with managers. The paper aims to explore the process of trust development and the role of the contract and accounting in this. We find that trust developed differently for the partners. Moreover the trust concerns of the partners were not the same. Based on this we conclude that trust was not automatically reciprocated. Instead it needs relating to other items such as the contract, accounting and also the institutional environment. The open-book accounting we observed could only be termed ‘partial’ because the western partner had access to the local partner's books but not the vice versa. But this partial open-book accounting created conflicts between the partners. We argue that developing one kind of trust through one particular medium may help one party but may damage the relationship between the partners.     

美国《金融服务现代化法》隐私条款述评及启示

美国1999年颁布的《金融服务现代化法》第五章中设立了有关保护客户隐私的条款,尽管美国国内的金融机构和消费者对此条款质疑不断,但对我国仍具有借鉴意义。     

Excess control,agency costs and the probability of going private in France

The current study investigates the determinants of going private (GP) in France. It contrasts a sample of 161 firms that went private between 1997 and 2009 with a propensity-score-matched sample of firms that remained public during the same period. The results indicate that, unlike for firms that remain public, the largest controlling shareholders (LCSs) of GP firms control their firms using an incommensurately small fraction of ultimate cash flow rights. This is consistent with the view that agency problems between large and minority shareholders make public firms less attractive to investors, which reduces the benefits of staying public and encourages the LCSs to take their firms private or accept takeover offers. Additional results show that GP firms have more undervalued stock prices and higher free cash flows than non-GP firms. Expected interest tax shields, low growth opportunities, and pre-GP takeover interest do not seem to affect the probability of GP.     

1898-1929美国国家政策的作用和启示

社会发展是一个宏大的综合工程,每个国家都有自身的特点,也会形成自己的调控机制.本文试图从历史文化的角度,运用唯物史观的方法研究美国当时的政策及其社会经济发展,从中得到一些值得我们借鉴的措施.美国在大萧条前的40年里遇到了许多发展中的问题,但是美国政府充分运用国家调控机制,制定了一系列有效的措施,推动了社会经济的发展,使美国逐渐走上了世界经济强国的道路.美国是当今世界的强国,研究它的发展轨迹及其原因动力对我们必然会有所启示.     

我在美国讨债记

2009年9月,我受聘进入美国一家大银行的信贷部门,开始了自己的讨债生涯。此间银行的债务先由该行自设的讨债部门追讨,过了180天就被视为烂债,廉价卖给私有的讨债公司,一块钱的债大概只能卖一分钱,基本等于白扔。所以银行花大力培训自己的讨债人员,仅科罗拉多州分部的讨债部门,人员编制就超过了400人。     

Benchmarks,characteristics and trends of U.S. graduate tax programs awarding a Master of Science in Taxation (MST) degree

Survey data gathered from graduate tax program directors at 26 universities, a response rate of about 43% of all programs contacted, is used to benchmark characteristics and trends of U.S. programs awarding a Master of Science in Taxation (MST) degree. The impetus for this paper was the absence of current literature regarding curriculum, enrollment, and delivery of graduate tax programs in the United States, and it is the first study to compile information on MST program trends.     

美国救市的逻辑、效果和潜在影响

几经波折之后,美国财政部提出的7000亿美元拯救计划,终于2008年10月3日在美国国会通过。此后一周,美国财政部忙于筹备启动该方案,美联储则扮演起救援行动的主角,从接二连三地扩大临时性流动性融资工具金额,到史无前例地直接购买企业商业票据,再到主导全球六大央行同时降息,美国政府为挽救市场信心     

The Impact of the Reduction in Tick Increments in Major U.S. Markets on Spreads,Depth, and Volatility

This study presents an analysis of the impact of the introduction of quotes in sixteenths of a dollar on the AMEX, Nasdaq, and NYSE in mid-1997 on select market characteristics such as spreads, effective spreads, quoted depth, and volume. The findings of the study document reductions in the bid-ask spread, effective spread, and a statistically significant increase in the number of quotes. Interestingly, we find that liquidity, as measured by the total depth at the bid and ask, declines significantly on the AMEX and NYSE, but increases on the Nasdaq. Trading volume increases on the NYSE, but remains unchanged for the AMEX and Nasdaq. We also find that the proportion of even-increment quotes is a relevant factor affecting percentage spreads for Nasdaq both before and after and for the NYSE only after the change in quoting increments.