International index funds and the investment portfolio

Financial advisors often recommend that investors diversify their investments internationally and also use mutual funds with the lowest expenses. Recently it has been possible to use both of these strategies by purchasing an international index fund. This study considers international index funds as a means of portfolio diversification. Performance is evaluated using monthly return data on nine international indexes from January 1989 through December 1997. Returns are measured against the S & P 500 index returns. The results of statistical tests suggest that international index investing does not offer superior returns compared to the S & P 500 index but diversification benefits do exist.     

中国房地产投资基金最大的短板是什么？

在第二届亚洲不动产投资论坛上,中国本土房地产基金——领锐资产管理公司总裁严清先生就本土房地产基金的发展前景与存在的问题,发表了自己的看法,他说：领锐资产管理公司是一家私募本土房地产投资基金（REITs）,成立于2006年12月,注册资本总额为人民币85000万元,     

Dynamic preferences for popular investment strategies in pension funds

In this paper, we characterize dynamic investment strategies that are consistent with the expected utility setting and more generally with the forward utility setting. Two popular dynamic strategies in the pension funds industry are used to illustrate our results: a constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) strategy and a life-cycle strategy. For the CPPI strategy, we are able to infer preferences of the pension fund’s manager from her investment strategy, and to exhibit the specific expected utility maximization that makes this strategy optimal at any given time horizon. In the Black–Scholes market with deterministic parameters, we are able to show that traditional life-cycle funds are not optimal to any expected utility maximizers. We also prove that a CPPI strategy is optimal for a fund manager with HARA utility function, while an investor with a SAHARA utility function will choose a time-decreasing allocation to risky assets in the same spirit as the life-cycle funds strategy. Finally, we suggest how to modify these strategies if the financial market follows a more general diffusion process than in the Black–Scholes market.     

The investment strategies of publicly sponsored venture capital funds

This paper investigates the effects of public ownership on the investment strategy of hybrid VC funds. We exploit a unique dataset containing data for all of the venture capital funds in Europe that received financial support from the European Investment Fund (EIF) during the years 1998–2007. The dataset includes 179 VC funds that invested in 2482 companies. We find that the level of public ownership shows a weak negative correlation with the likelihood of observing a write-off and that a higher public share is associated with a longer duration for the investment. The latter effect is more relevant for those investments that generate intermediate financial returns. The results are robust to the introduction of controls at the target firm level and for financial market conditions.     

An integrative approach to using student investment clubs and student investment funds in the finance curriculum

The educational advantages of student investment clubs and student investment funds have been well documented. This paper suggests ways to integrate them into the finance curriculum and examines the benefits of integrating both funds and clubs into an instructional framework that provides important out-of-class experience to potential finance students, allows for the practical application of finance theory, and gives alumni an opportunity to remain involved with their alma mater. A discussion of how research in student learning styles can help instructors maximize the benefits of club and fund activity is also included.     

美国投资基金化比率的变迁及其启示

美国金融结构中的投资基金化比率自80年代以来一直维持平稳上升态势，并在进入90年代后获得爆炸性增长，从而对美国金融体系进行了一次结构重整。可以说，投资基金的发展是激活美国经济的秘密武器。     

我国保险资金境外投资风险防范探析

随着保险业发展速度的加快,保险投资资金的不断增多,使保险资金境外投资逐步成为国内保险机构扩展投资领域、提高保险资金投资收益的重要途径。但与境外投资高收益相伴的是不容忽视的高风险,2008年下半年以来,随着美国次级债风波演变为百年难遇的全球性金融危机,国际金融形势风云突变,对外投资形势日趋严峻,我国保险资金对外投资面临着严峻的风险。本文通过对当前我国保险业保险资金境外投资面临的风险分析,采取理论与案例相结合的方式,从保险监管方式、内部风险控制、资产负债匹配、投资比例限制及投资人才储备等方面提出我国保险资金境外投资风险的具体策略和措施。     

The investment behavior of buyout funds: Theory and evidence

We analyze the determinants of buyout funds’ investment decisions. We argue that when there is imperfect competition for private equity funds, the timing of funds’ investment decisions, their risk-taking behavior, and their subsequent returns depend on changes in the demand for private equity, conditions in the credit market, and fund managers’ ability to influence perceptions of their talent. We investigate these hypotheses using a proprietary dataset of 207 U.S. buyout funds that invested in 1,957 buyout targets over a 30-year period. Our dataset contains precisely dated cash inflows and outflows in every portfolio company, links every buyout target to an identifiable buyout fund, and is free from reporting and survivor biases. Thus, we are able to characterize every buyout fund's precise investment choices. Our findings are as follows. First, established funds accelerate their investment flows and earn higher returns when investment opportunities improve, competition for deal flow eases, and credit market conditions loosen. Second, the investment behavior of first-time funds is less sensitive to market conditions. Third, younger funds invest in riskier buyouts, in an effort to establish a track record. Finally, following periods of good performance, funds become more conservative, and this effect is stronger for first-time funds.     

保险资金不动产投资模式研究

本文首先对国际上保险资金进行不动产直接投资和间接投资的情况进行了概述,然后对保险资金不动产投资模式进行了归纳总结和案例分析。在此基础上,对我国目前保险资金不动产投资政策与模式进行了探讨。最后,针对我国保险资金不动产投资业务的发展提出了相关建议。     

中国开放式基金投资管理效率研究

本文利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国开放式基金2003～2008年的投资管理效率进行总体分析,发现我国开放式基金投资效率很低,基金风格、基金管理公司、规模大小、分红等都会影响其综合技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率。进一步利用Malmquist生产率指数对其动态效率进行分析表明,开放式基金整体效率存在改善,主要来自于技术进步。     

分拆上市相关研究综述

随着我国资本市场的不断完善和发展,以及上市公司对收缩性资产重组方式的分拆上市需求的日渐强烈,分拆上市研究越来越受到理论界和实务界的关注和重视。基于坚实的理论基础和丰富的数据环境,国外有关分拆上市的研究在二十多年来得以快速发展。本文从分拆上市的内涵、分拆上市与其他几种收缩重组方式的区别以及分拆上市研究的主要视角几个方面系统阐述了国外相关研究成果,并对进一步研究的方向进行了简要评论。     

Allocation of decision rights and the investment strategy of mutual funds

The literature suggests that while decentralized decision making can allow for greater specialization in an organization, it heightens the cost of coordinating decisions. The mutual fund industry—in particular, sole- and team-managed balanced funds—provides an ideal setting to test the specialization versus coordination trade-off, as information on decision structures and fund actions is easily obtained. We show that sole-managed balanced funds, with centralized decision rights, exhibit significant market timing that requires reallocation across asset classes. However, consistent with coordination difficulties between managers specializing in particular asset classes, no market timing is evident in team-managed balanced funds. Team-managed funds exhibit greater returns from specialization, in the form of better security selection performance than sole-managed funds. These results hold cross-sectionally and for funds that switch management structures. The overall returns across different management structures are similar, indicating a market equilibrium. Investor flows reward market-timing performance for sole- but not team-managed funds.     

The challenges and opportunities of student-managed investment funds at metropolitan universities

The number of student-managed investment funds has grown rapidly in recent years. In the four decades since the first student-managed investment fund was established at Gannon University, the number of such funds has grown at a rate of less than one per year to thirty-four in 1993. However, that rate of growth has changed dramatically in recent years. Oak Associates Ltd., the Akron, Ohio based investment-management company, has funded ten student-managed investment funds since January 1996. The fund established by Oak Associates Ltd. at The University of Akron provides students with the opportunity to learn about investing real money on a real-time basis. The Oak Grant provides significant educational opportunities at the University and some real challenges in the organization and management of the funds.     

Socially responsible investment funds: Investor reaction to current and past returns

This paper investigates and compares the determinants of fund flows for socially responsible investment (SRI) funds and conventional funds. We consider the impact of current and past measures of monthly and annual return on fund flow. The results suggest SRI fund flows are less sensitive to returns than conventional funds. Our model also shows that flow is persistent and SRI investors are more likely to invest in a fund they already own relative to conventional investors. These results reflect the difficulty SRI investors face in finding alternative investments that meet their non-financial goals.     

Persistent performance in the mutual fund market: Tests with funds and investment advisers

Recent studies of mutual funds have concluded that there is some evidence of superior performance. We test for the existence of superior performance and its persistence with mutual funds and mutual fund investment advisers on a data set of monthly returns from 1979 to 1989 for 1,387 mutual funds grouped by 243 advisers. We find no evidence of superior performance or its persistence but we do find significant evidence of persistence of inferior performance. Consistent with previous studies our findings depend on the benchmark chosen, with multiple benchmarks producing a larger degree of inferior performance.     

养老基金个人投资选择权的理论阐释与实践发展

国外养老基金个人投资选择权的理论阐释与实践发展表明,职工并不能作为"理性人"在养老基金投资运营中实现收益最大化,并进而揭示出养老基金个人投资选择权的两个主要发展趋势,即"管理机构选择权"模式中个人在投资机构问的转移率与该国人均收入水平负相关,以及"投资基金选择权"模式中个人参与率下降趋势明显.因此,如果我国企业年金设置...     

Attribution of investment performance: an analysis of Australian pooled superannuation funds*

This paper evaluates the market timing and security selection capabilities of Australian pooled superannuation funds over the eight‐year period from January 1991 to December 1998. Evaluation of both components of investment performance is surprisingly scarce in the Australian literature despite active investment managers engaging in both market timing and security selection. The paper also evaluates performance for the three largest asset classes within diversified superannuation funds and their contribution to overall portfolio return. The importance of an accurately specified market portfolio proxy in the measurement of investment performance is demonstrated. This paper employs performance benchmarks that account for the multi‐sector investment decisions of active investment managers in a manner that is consistent with their unique investment strategy. Consistent with U.S. literature, the empirical results indicate that Australian pooled superannuation funds do not exhibit significantly positive security selection or market timing skill.     

The investment performance,attributes, and investment behavior of ethical equity mutual funds in the US: an empirical investigation

This paper examines the investment performance of US ethical equity mutual funds relative to the market and their traditional counterparts using a survivorship-bias-free database. We detect selectivity and market timing performance of fund managers using two models. First, we use Treynor and Mazuy’s (Harv Bus Rev 44:131–136, 1966) model to determine these performances from a quadratic regression of fund returns on market returns. Second, we use a comprehensive and integrated model derived by Bhattacharya and Pfleiderer (A note on performance evaluation. Technical Report 714, Stanford, California, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, 1983) and Lee and Rahman (J Bus 63:261–278, 1990) to simultaneously capture stock selection and market timing skill of fund managers. This model extracts timing skill from the relationship between managers’ forecast and realized market return. In addition, the R² approach developed by Amihud and Goyenko (Rev Financ Stud 26:667–694, 2013) for evaluating selectivity is also used in this paper. Our empirical results indicate that ethical funds perform no worse than their traditional counterparts, although ethical and traditional funds do not outperform the market. We find some evidence of superior security selection and/or market timing skill among a very small number of ethical and traditional funds. It appears that matching traditional funds have slightly more abnormal (superior as well as inferior) performance than ethical funds in our sample.     

开放式基金费率问题研究

费率问题是开放式基金设计中的一个非常核心的问题，它直接关系到能否吸引到投资以及相关各方尤其是基金管理公司的收益状况。因此基金管理公司在设计开放式基金品种方案时，应结合开放式基金处于起步阶段的实际情况确定合适的比例。