中央银行的独立性、政策信誉与通货膨胀目标制

通货膨胀目标制作为一种新兴的货币政策框架，近年来备受推崇。实行通货膨胀目标制国家的一个显著特点是大都实施了加强中央银行独立性的改革。本文依据不同的方法测算出实行通货膨胀目标制国家的中央银行独立性指数，分析了通货膨胀目标制框架下中央银行独立性加强与政策信誉之间的关系。     

对通货膨胀压力下人民币升值的思考

目前,我国经济正处在人民币升值与通货膨胀的两难境地。在输入型通胀和国内物价上涨的压力下,人民币升值被更多地寄予了抑制通胀的期望。不少政界、学术界人士都在强调人民币升值可以抑制通胀,但是,人民币升值对抑制通胀的贡献究竟有多大,值得深入研究。从本轮通货膨胀形成的原因分析,力图找出解决通胀与人民币升值问题的最佳宏观调控政策与措施。     

新兴市场国家通货膨胀目标定位与目标偏离问题研究

目标定位和目标偏离是通货膨胀目标制实施过程中的中心问题。本文对巴西、捷克、波兰和南非这4个典型的新兴市场国家实施通货膨胀目标制的经验,特别是通货膨胀目标定位的合理性、目标偏离的情况及其对应政策进行比较分析,以探寻各国在实施通货膨胀目标制时的经验教训和启示。     

Inflation Expectations and Inflation Uncertainty in the Eurozone: Evidence from Survey Data

This paper uses the European Commission’s Consumer Survey to assess whether inflation expectations have converged and whether inflation uncertainty has diminished following the introduction of the euro in Europe. Consumers’ responses to the survey suggest that inflation expectations depend more on past national inflation rates than on the ECB’s anchor for price stability. Inflation expectations do not converge significantly faster than actual inflation rates. Regarding inflation uncertainty, the data indicate a relationship with country size following the introduction of the euro. This suggests that within EMU, inflation uncertainty may increase in countries that have a smaller influence on ECB policy. JEL no.  D84, E31, E58     

A Monetarist Model of Inflation: Kenyan Case*

Abstract: A monetarist model of inflation is estimated, incorporating recent developments in time series econometrics. The models compare the performance of both monetary base and a broader monetary aggregate, M3. It is shown that monetary base growth in the inflation model gives relatively stable results. Résumé: On fait l'estimation d'un modèle monétariste de l'inflation en y incorporant les événements de l'économie chronologiquement. Les modèles comparent la performance de la base monétaire et un agrégat monétaire plus large, en l'occurence la masse monétaire M3. I ressort de l'estimation que la croissance de labase monétaire dans le modèle d'inflation donne des résultants relativement stables.     

Inflation and price instability in China: A comment

In a recent article in the Review, Yi (1990) explores the relationship between the level of inflation in China and its predictability. Based on seven different models of the inflation expectations process, the evidence presented unambiguously supports the hypothesis that an increase in the level of inflation is positively associated with an increase in uncertainty about it. To test the robustness of this result, I explicitly account for two outliers in the inflation series and determine whether Yi's results hold after this adjustment. Once the influence of these two outliers are accounted for, there is no support for the level/uncertainty hypothesis using data for China.     

Intra-Industry Trade Revisited: A Note

This short note revisits the relative importance of intra- and inter-industry trade by using the Grubel-Lloyd formula as a measure of intra-industry trade to the country??s manufacturing trade (sections 5?C8 of the SITC) where each industry is the four digit classification. Measures for a country??s total trade, as well as its bilateral trade with specific countries are utilized. The results demonstrate that intra-industry trade dominates trade among the OECD countries, while inter-industry trade dominates North-South and South-South trade.     

通货膨胀与收入不平等关系的研究——基于信贷市场不完美的视角

在修正的现金预付经济中,考虑信贷市场不完美因素后,本文从理论上预言了通货膨胀与收入不平等之间的正向关系,且这种正向关系在某些条件下是U形关系.模型预言存在一个“最优”通货膨胀率,使得该通货膨胀率不会加大收入不平等.模型的理论预言与大量实证研究文献是符合的.我们的模型可以解释基于时间序列和基于截面数据的不同实证研究研究结果存在差异的原因.     

Inflation convergence in the EMS: Some additional evidence. A comment

Conclusions As in Caporale and Pittis, this paper finds significant evidence supporting the hypothesis of long-run equilibrium relationships between inflation rates in countries which participate in the ERM. However, the results differ in several important respects. First, the evidence rejects a dynamic specification in terms of inflation differentials against Germany and in at least one important case, Table 5, it is clear that imposing this restriction may lead to invalid inferences on the role of the ERM as a mechanism to achieve inflation convergence. Second, on the issue of German leadership the results given in Tables 4 and 5 suggest that the German inflation rate cannot be considered weakly exogenous. Rather it shares a long-run relationship with inflation in both ERM and non-ERM economies and responds to deviations from these equilibria. Finally, as these results also hold for a sample period twice the length of that used by Caporale and Pittis they cast considerable doubt on their assertion that cointegrating relationships are unlikely to be detected when “the dynamic process of convergence is still going on”.     

Inflation targeting in India: A comparison with the multiple indicator approach

The empirical literature on identification and measurement of the impact of monetary policy shocks on the real side of the economy is fairly comprehensive for developed economies, but very limited for emerging and transition economies. In this study, we propose an identification scheme for a developing economy (taking India as a case study), which is able to capture the monetary transmission mechanism for that economy without giving rise to empirical anomalies. Using a VAR approach with recursive contemporaneous restrictions, we identify monetary policy shocks by modelling the reaction function of the central bank and structure of that economy. The effect of monetary policy shocks on the exchange rate and other macroeconomic variables is consistent with the predictions of a broad set of theoretical models. This set-up is used to build a hypothetical case of inflation targeting where the monetary policy instrument is set after assessing the current values of inflation only. This is in contrast with the ‘multiple indicator approach’ currently followed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The results in this study suggest that the demand effects of interest rate are stronger than the exchange rate effects. There is also evidence of the mitigation of potential conflict between exchange rate and interest rate, one of main monetary policy dilemmas of the RBI in inflation targeting.     

Economic Globalization and Inflation in China: A Multivariate Approach

This paper evaluates whether globalization has increased the role of global factors in driving inflation in China. Unlike other published studies on the relationship between globalization and inflation, which mostly use Phillips curve models, this paper uses multivariate dynamic models to examine the dynamic interactions between globalization and inflation in China. Empirical results with quarterly data spanning from 1995 to 2012 show that the global output gap significantly affects the dynamics of inflation in China. In particular, the global output gap is superior to the domestic output gap in predicting domestic inflation. Impulse response and variance decomposition analyses reinforce this finding. Our results indicate that the central bank of China should take developments in global output into account in its monetary policy‐making process.