我国中小企业外向国际化发展的探讨

相对大企业而言,我国中小企业外向国际化更加重要。中小企业外向国际化理论有两类,即渐进国际化理论和快速国际化理论,两类理论具有互补性,共同解释中小企业外向国际化现象。近年来,我国中小企业外向国际化有了一定的发展,但在政策环境、资金、技术、人才等方面仍存在一些问题,需要研究与解决。     

中小企业外向国际化发展的所有权优势分析

中小企业在国民经济中占：行重要的地位。随着经济全球化和社会分工的发展,在开拓国内市场的同时,外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国经济不断融入世界经济体系的趋势。从小规模技术优势、利基市场优势、模仿创新优势、企业家创新优势、易嵌入全球价值链优势和管理成本优势等方面对中小企业外向国际化发展的所有权优势进行分析,对于中小企业的外向国际化发展具有建设性意义。     

后经济危机时代我国中小企业跨国经营战略

实施跨国经营策略,是我国中小企业摆脱国内过度竞争,绕开非关税壁垒,扩展海外市场的重要途径。目前,我国中小企业正处在国际化经营的初级阶段,在面对融资渠道不畅,海外投资企业管理机制不健全等诸多因素的同时,如何克服国际经济危机影响,特别是应对后经济危机时代发展环境的变化,进而谋求自身发展。是我国中小企业面临的主要问题。在后经济危机时代,我国中小企业应从战略全局的角度来规划运营海外企业的人员、组织管理、资本、产品、技术等各个层面,使之适应本土的社会、文化、法律、宗教、政策等惯例,使企业的一切经营管理融入到本土的社会中去。     

民营中小企业外向国际化发展因素的典型分析

宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面,是影响中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的因素。文章通过对两家民营中小企业外向国际化发展的案例研究,证明上述因素在民营中小企业外向国际化发展中的作用。     

企业家能力、国际化经验与中小企业出口绩效的关系研究

在经济全球化的今天,国际化经营战略已经成为保证企业持续发展的重要选择。其中,中小企业已经在国际化经营中展露头脚。根据国际化过程理论和知识基础论观点,中小企业关于国际化经验的积累是其竞争优势的重要来源。本研究正是以这个理论为基础,选择企业国际化经验与企业家能力为切入点,探讨企业家能力、国际化经验与中小企业出口绩效的关系。本文的研究对理论和实践均有贡献,在理论方面,为解释企业家能力、国际化经验与出口绩效的关系提供了一个新视角;在实践方面,对中小企业的国际化经营提供借鉴和启示。     

中小企业外向国际化发展制约因素理论研究

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了空前的发展,其对我国国民经济的贡献体现在纳税、就业和技术进步等方面;然而中小企业的进一步发展面临瓶颈,出现了规模小、寿命短等弊病。外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国国民经济体系不断融入世界经济体系背景下的大势所趋。因此,对于中小企业外向国际化发展的研究便具有了理论和实际的双重意义。本文旨在对中小企业外向国际化发展的相关理论进行梳理、总结和评价,进而为进一步研究中小企业外向国际化的发展奠定基础。     

中小企业国际化经营实例剖析

国际化是我国企业共同面临的重大课题，相对于大企业而言，中小企业的力量薄弱，但是仍有为数不少的中小企业，成功地进行了国际化的尝试。本文通过对一个汽车零配件生产企业的国际化经营历程进行介绍和分析，对中小企业国际化经营中的企业家精神、产业选择、进入模式等问题进行了探讨。     

中小企业外向国际化发展制约因素实证分析

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了空前的发展,然而中小企业的进一步发展面临瓶颈,出现了规模小、寿命短等弊病,外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国国民经济体系不断融入世界经济体系背景下的趋势.因此,对于中小企业外向国际化发展的研究便具有了理论和实际的双重意义.本文旨在通过问卷调查来实证分析出制约中小企业外向国际化发展的制约因素,希望对于中小企业的外向国际化发展具有建设性的意义.     

中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的理论分析

伴随着世界经济一体化的发展,我国的民营中小企业也在逐步地走向世界。文章根据宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面将现有的企业国际化理论整理、归类,梳理出各种理论之间的内在联系,在此基础之上,提出中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的影响因素,对中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展进行理论分析。     

民营中小企业外向国际化发展实证研究

本文根据宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面对现有的企业国际化理论进行整理、归类,梳理出各种理论之间的内在联系,以期呈现出我国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的影响因素.同时,通过实证研究,证明上述因素在民营中小企业外向国际化发展中的作用.     

What drives the internationalization of Chinese SMEs? The joint effects of international entrepreneurship characteristics,network ties,and firm ownership

The paper first investigates how Chinese small-to-medium enterprises’ (SMEs) network ties at home moderate the relationships between different international entrepreneurship (IE) characteristics and the degree of internationalization of the firm. The paper further explores how the Chinese SMEs’ ownership arrangement might explain the boundary conditions of the proposed moderating effects of network ties on the relationship between IE characteristics and internationalization. Findings of our empirical study generally support the hypotheses derived from our theoretical framework. The paper offers new insights into the internationalization of Chinese SMEs by ascertaining the differential contingent value of business versus political ties in the relationship between IE characteristics and internationalization and explores the bounds of our findings in terms of the ownership arrangement unique to the Chinese context.     

Tie the Ties: The Significance of the Binding Networks in SMEs’ Internationalization Process

This research examines the obstacles for small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internationalization and the roles of networks in SMEs’ internationalization process. It finds that the key obstacles for SMEs internationalization are lack of market insights, lack of knowledge and skills necessary for internationalization, and lack of skilled labor. In Thailand, personal networking has played the most prominent role in the early stage of SMEs’ internationalization. Trust is reported to be the critical component for a long lasting relationship in the network. “Friendship” is viewed as the ultimate level of relationship in the trusted network.     

Strategic decision-making processes,international environmental munificence and the accelerated internationalization of SMEs

Motivated by the paucity of studies examining the effects of strategic decision-making processes on accelerated internationalization, this study draws on the organizational information processing theory and the resource-based view of the firm to argue that procedural rationality and politicization have a negative effect on accelerated internationalization of SMEs. Using a sample of 176 internationalized Greek SMEs, the study finds that the procedural rationality and politicization of SMEs reduce the probability of accelerated internationalization. These relationships are more pronounced in munificent international environments, indicating that when accelerated internationalization is constrained by strategic decision-making processes, SMEs may miss opportunities in attractive international markets. The study contributes to the organizational information processing theory, to the literature on the speed of decisionmaking in SMEs, and to the literature on accelerated SME internationalization.     

Networking and internationalization of SMEs in emerging economies

Networking has been established as an important source of small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) business expansion in many developed economies. Often, it provides the necessary intelligence leading to internationalization. The question this study addresses is “What are the roles and sources of networking of SMEs internationalization in emerging economies?” This study responds to this query through a dyadic study involving expert-opinion survey of SME development professionals and case studies of SMEs internationalization. The convergent views identified three interconnected sources of networking for SMEs internationalization, which are government institutions, business associates, and personal relations. The results affirmed that accomplishment of internationalization requires cohesion among the myriads of networking sources and operating agencies. A systems approach towards supporting the creation and management of networking linkages for internationalization combines systems thinking perspective with institutional view. It emphasizes integration of coordination, facilitation, and monitoring functions. Thus, suggesting institutional support and systems thinking are important constructs in the theory of international entrepreneurship. Policy makers and entrepreneurs of SMEs gain actionable points to ensure effectiveness of institutional support mechanism and to enhance their business internationalization, respectively.     

Entrepreneurial orientation, management commitment, and human capital: The internationalization of SMEs in India

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make sizeable contributions to the economic success of nations. Research concerning the internationalization of SMEs is available in the context of developed economies but less is can be found dealing specifically with the entrepreneurial behavior and international expansion of SMEs in emerging markets such as India. This research extends the literature addressing the relationships surrounding the internationalization of SMEs in India as related to entrepreneurial behavior, firm resources, and commitment to internationalization. Entrepreneurial orientation, a commitment to internationalization, and the ability to leverage human capital influence the international success of Indian SMEs, based on the analysis of data collected from 150 Indian SMEs.     

External managers,family ownership and the scope of SME internationalization

SMEs are important to world business and the majority of SMEs are family firms. Yet some family SMEs are inert, local firms while others are dynamic and international. Do certain governance structures encourage the scale and scope of their internationalization? We jointly apply social capital and corporate governance theories to explain the scope of family SMEs internationalization, and find that professional managers externally recruited from outside the family are important, but only for lower levels of family ownership, suggesting synergistic combinations of ownership and management. It is the combination of external capital with external managers that really works.     

Internationalization stages of traditional SMEs: Increasing,decreasing and re-increasing commitment to foreign markets

SMEs attempt to accelerate and diversify their international expansion strategies. The purpose of this article is to identify the internationalization stages followed by traditional SMEs to seize global market opportunities. The authors analyze the internationalization paths of five French SMEs operating in traditional manufacturing industries. The empirical study is mainly based on 66 interviews. The findings indicate that the internationalization process of SMEs continues to follow several stages, but that their commitment to foreign markets may increase, decrease and re-increase. The identified stages, which can be triggered by internal and external factors, reflect characteristics of different internationalization models proposed in the literature.     

Outward internationalization of private enterprises in China: The effect of competitive advantages and disadvantages compared to home market rivals

This study uses the resource-based view of a firm to examine the outward internationalization of private firms in China. We investigate the extent to which advantages/disadvantages of resource endowment and organizing capability of Chinese private enterprises (relative to both state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises at home) may drive outward internationalization and affect their risk-taking tendency when going international. Our analyses of 553 Chinese private enterprises show that a Chinese private firm's likelihood of venturing abroad is associated with resource endowment advantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises, organizing capability advantages vis-à-vis state-owned enterprises, and organizing capability disadvantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises. These same advantages (or disadvantages) in organizing capabilities also increase a firm's likelihood of choosing a high-risk entry mode. We also find that a firm's resource endowment and organizing capabilities interact with each other and mutually enhance each other's effect on the likelihood of outward internationalization.     

Business group affiliation and SMEs’ international sales intensity and diversification: A multi-country study

This study examines the impact of business group (BG) affiliation on international sales intensity and diversification in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by using a multi-country sample of over 13,000 SMEs from 34 European countries. Drawing on the revised Uppsala internationalization model and network theory, this paper suggests that the effects of BG affiliation on international sales intensity and diversification depend on the geographical dispersion of the BG network ties, the size and the age of the firm, and the institutional support in the home country. Thus, we find that interfirm networks in the form of BGs are a double-edged sword that can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences for international sales, depending on the geographical dispersion of the BG’s ties. In addition, the results reveal that BG affiliation is more beneficial for smaller SMEs and SMEs in countries with lower institutional support that are more dependent on the network resources embedded within BG networks.