要求外资银行注册子银行是否违背WTO的义务?

中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》的出台是我国银行业在全面开放之际,对外资银行监管的一项重大举措,其中要求外资银行在我国境内开展全面业务时必须注册为独立法人的规定引起了质疑。然而,这一规定没有违背我国入世时对金融服务所做出的水平承诺和具体承诺,故我国没有违背我国在WTO项下的义务。不止于此,这一规定也具有“审慎例外”的审慎性,构成成员方可以背离GATS义务和金融承诺的审慎措施。     

银行业全面开放背景下我国银行业和银行监管面临的挑战和应对措施

2006年11月11日,国务院公布了《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》,该《条例》自2006年12月11日起施行。自此,我国全面兑现入世承诺,向外资银行开放了对中国境内公民的人民币业务,取消了外资银行经营人民币业务的地域限制和客户对象限制,在承诺和审慎监管的框架下实行国民待遇。在这种全面开放的格局下,一方面外资银行正以各种形式大举涌入我国,其国际性、投机性、创新性和交易技术复杂性的经营特点,给我国银行业带来巨大冲击,     

我国商业银行开展私人银行业务的路径选择

一、引言 新华社2006年11月25日受权发布了<中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例>.根据该条例的规定,中国将全面履行入世的基本承诺,我国将在2006年12月11日前向外资银行开放对我国境内公民的人民币业务,并取消开展业务的地域限制以及其他非审慎性限制,在承诺基础上对外资银行实行国民待遇.     

银行业开放与外资银行监管

中国加入世贸组织已届十年。其间,中国银行业认真履行开放义务,取消对外资银行经营地域、客户对象和其他方面的非审慎性限制,在世贸组织承诺基础上对外资银行实行国民待遇。在贯彻落实银行业对外开放战略部署的过程中,外资银行监管部门顺     

对外资银行的法人导向符合我国加入世贸组织的承诺

对外资银行的法人导向及其异议 根据加入世贸组织承诺，我国在2006年12月11日前取消对外资银行经营人民币业务的地域限制和客户限制，向外资银行开放人民币业务，并实行崮民待遇。为此，国务院于2006年11月11日发布了新修订的《中华人民共和同外资银行管理条例》（以下简称《条例》），并已于12月11日起施行。《条例》的一个突出特征是对外资银行实行法人导向，     

中国金融业全面开放的重要举措

2006年12月11日起,我国对外资银行开放境内公民的人民币业务,取消开展业务的地城限制以及其他非审慎性限制,给予外资银行“国民待遇”。这是我国加入世贸组织的承诺,也是我国金融业全面开放的重要举措。从这一天起,新版的《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》及其细则将开始施行,根据规定,外国银行分行转制为在中国注册的法人银行要向中国银监会提出申请,可同时提出经营全面人民币业务的申请。《细则》施行后1个月内,外国银行分行在完成相关工商登记变更手续后,即可办理吸收中国境内公民每笔不少于100万元人民币的存款业务。中国的金融市场由此真正进入中外资银行同台竞技的时代。     

中国银行业：准备好了吗——与“狼”共舞正当时——中国银行业全面对外开放序曲

律转阳回，大地回春。当我们翻开2007年崭新一页的时候，我们也翻开了中国银行业崭新的一页：根据5年前我国加入世界贸易组织的承诺，从2007年开始，将向外资银行全面开放中国境内公民的人民币业务，取消开展人民币业务的地域限制和其他非审慎性限制，在承诺基础上对外资银行实行国民待遇。     

大力加强文化建设 努力构建和谐银行

自去年12月11日中国履行入世承诺全面开放银行业后，外资银行通过改制成国内独立的法人银行后，可以全面经营人民币和外币业务，与中资银行共享国民待遇。中资银行在风险管理、金融创新、客户关系、电子化等方面都将面临着严峻的挑战，提高服务水平与质量成为中资银行决战外资银行的唯一途径。而服务水平与质量的提高又依赖于经营管理理念、     

帷幕刚刚拉开

2006年12月11日是中国加入世贸组织五周年纪念日,也是国务院近期公布的《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》(以下简称“《条例》”)施行之时,这标志着WTO过渡期结束,中国金融业对世界全面开放。《条例》的出台,标志着中国对WTO承诺的全面兑现,取消对外资银行的一切非审慎性市场准入限制,向在中国注册的外资法人银行全面开放人民币业务,开启了金融全面开放的新纪元。     

开放的中国金融业迈出历史性的一步：履行承诺 大国风范

在中国即将迎来加入世界贸易组织五周年之际．国务院于2006年11月15日颁布了修订后的《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》，银监会随后颁布了《中华人民国和国外资银行管理条例实施细则》，《条例》和《细则》以审慎监管．法人导向为原则，给予外资银行平等的国民待遇．对在中国运营的外商独资银行、中外合资银行和外国银行在华分行的设立与登记以及业务范围做出了明确规定，[第一段]     

Banks' Liquidity and the Cost of Liquidity to Corporations

We consider the liquidity shock banks experienced following the collapse of the asset‐backed commercial paper (ABCP) market in the fall of 2007 to investigate whether banks' liquidity conditions affect their ability to provide liquidity to corporations. We find that banks that borrowed more from the Federal Home Loan Bank system or the Federal Reserve's discount window following that liquidity shock passed a larger portion of their borrowing costs onto corporations seeking access to liquidity when compared to the precrisis period. This increase is larger among banks with a bigger exposure to the ABCP market, credit lines that pose more liquidity risk to banks, and borrowers that are likely dependent on the credit‐line provider. Our findings show that the crisis that affected the banking system had a negative effect not only on the price of credit to corporations, but also on the price corporations pay to guarantee access to liquidity.     

Does Competition Affect Bank Risk?

Although policymakers often discuss trade-offs between bank competition and stability, past research provides differing theoretical perspectives and empirical results on the impact of competition on risk. We employ a new approach for identifying exogenous changes in the competitive pressures facing individual banks and discover that an intensification of competition materially boosts bank risk. With respect to the mechanisms, we find that competition reduces banks’ profits, pricing power, and charter values and increases banks’ provision of nontraditional, riskier banking services and lending to riskier firms.     

Macroeconomic Impact of Bank Regulation and Supervision: A Cross-Country Investigation

Bank regulation and supervision (RS) is a formal institutional mechanism that aims to reduce the adverse selection and moral hazard risks in the banking sector. This paper offers an empirical exploration of the relationship between banking-sector performance and RS using data on the legal quality of bank regulation and supervision. The main channels via which RS affects bank performance are considered to be depositor trust, investment mobilization, and borrower discipline. An event study of up to fifty-three countries provides robust evidence that RS has significant positive effects on bank deposits and investment rate and significant negative effects on nonperforming loans.     

中国银行特许权价值的风险自律效应研究

将银行破产风险分解为经营不确定性与风险覆盖能力、杠杆风险与资产组合风险,建立动态面板模型并采用2003~2013年中国上市银行的数据和系统广义矩估计方法,分析特许权价值激励银行降低风险承担的途径和方式。研究发现：我国银行特许权价值具有抑制银行风险的自律效应,银行为避免过高风险而遭受监管惩罚或丧失市场资源,保持特许经营条件和优势,将进行积极的风险管理;特许权价值的风险自律效应主要通过促使银行提升风险覆盖能力、降低资产组合风险和杠杆风险来实现。     

Organisational and professional commitment of early career accountants: do mentoring and organisational ethical climate matter?

This study assesses the effects of mentoring and organisational ethical climate (OEC) on the organisational and professional commitment (PC) of early career accountants (ECAs) (i.e. accounting graduate recruits with three or less years of working experience). The empirical data are based on a questionnaire survey from 86 ECAs in Australian public accounting firms, and hypothesis testing utilises partial least squares analysis. Our results indicate when a career development style of mentoring is adopted there is greater organisational as well as PC. By contrast, a social support mentoring style has no significant impact on organisational commitment (OC) and a negative effect on PC. Further, our data also reveal OEC to be positively associated with OC, and OC in turn having a positive impact on PC. The results imply that fostering a career‐focused mentoring environment and an OEC can increase an ECA's OC and PC. These results have various implications for human resource management at both the accounting firm and professional levels.     

Financial Turmoil, Failed Bank Acquisitions, and Bank Business Lending Behavior

This paper utilizes bank Call Report and FDIC receivership data from 1987 to 1991 to examine the impact of a failed bank acquisition on the growth rate of commercial and industrial (C&I) lending at the acquiring institutions. Using a two-stage least squares model with fixed effects, we find that banks acquiring a failed bank's assets experience a significant decline in both the growth rate of C&I lending and their capital asset ratios in the period of the acquisition. The results support anecdotal evidence that failed-bank borrowers may experience difficulties in accessing credit once their bank fails and underscores the importance of bank-borrower relationships in C&I lending. Finally, the paper provides an alternative explanation for banks' stagnant or declining business lending activity during this period of financial turmoil.     

The bank capital channel and bank profits

This paper develops a microeconomic model of banking to highlight an endogenous loan creation process that emerges from bank profits via the capital accumulation of retained earnings and uses a simple bank capital‐loan multiplier to illustrate constraints on lending. The study also analyzes how sufficient net interest margins are important for banks to maintain lending portfolios and avoid financial fragility. The model offers support to bank capital channel (BKC) economists by illustrating how changes in interest rates may influence bank lending through the bank's internal capital accumulation growth rate and on a bank's portfolio choices.     

Corruption and Banking Stability: Evidence from Emerging Economies

This article investigates the effect of corruption on banking stability using data from banks in emerging markets. The analysis first reveals that a lower level of corruption had a positive impact on bank stability and is associated with fewer credit losses and with more moderate credit growth. It then highlights the importance of bank and country characteristics in identifying the asymmetric effects of corruption on bank stability. Our evidence suggests that stability of banks that are acting in a country that has not adopted a corporate governance code or is not a member of the European Union is affected more by the corruption. Also, in countries with higher levels of corruption banks could increase their stability if they implement rigorous corporate governance practices.     

从银行监管改革变迁看我国商业银行操作风险管理路径选择

本文从介绍国内外操作风险监管改革变迁入手,分析了巴塞尔协议III和巴塞尔协议II在提升银行风险管理水平方面的差异,通过对我国商业银行操作风险管理现状和问题进行分析,提出了建立操作风险管理体系本质上是在商业银行应用更为精细化的管理方法,我国区域性商业银行、全国性商业银行、全球性商业银行现阶段操作风险管理的路径只要与银行的业务性质、规模和复杂程度相适应就是最佳选择的观点。