责任供应链:多主体的共同责任

企业供应链责任是指企业重塑内部治理结构和管理程序,调整采购、制造、销售和服务行为策略,采用与供应商、制造工厂、分销网络和客户等充分沟通与合作的方式,鼓励其遵守社会责任有关法律法规和准则倡议,并促使其实施有效的管理和服务方案,以使遵守     

Corporate Social Responsibility in Purchasing and Supply Chain

The purpose of this study is to understand the drivers of social responsibility in purchasing (PSR). This study replicated and extended the range of empirical application of the model developed by Carter and Jennings (Journal of Business Logistics 25(1), 145–186, 2004). Consequently, the present study contributes to the nomological validity of concept of PSR or Purchasing Social Responsibility. The method used is derived from the previous study by Carter and Jennings (Journal of Business Logistics 25(1), 145–186, 2004), and the present study extends the application of that method to an Asian environment. The data were obtained from 197 respondents in Thailand. This sample was largely composed of purchasing and supply chain managers. Respondents were asked to indicate how different dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect PSR. The findings of the present study suggest that all the six hypothesized paths have been substantiated. Individual values and people-oriented organizational culture are the most powerful predictors of PSR. This article contributes towards filling the gap in understanding the determinants of PSR in managing supply chains, particularly in an Asian context.     

论公用事业产品的市场供给

传统理论认为公用事业产品是不能通过市场有效提供的,但随着社会技术的发展和制度的创新与完善,越来越多的私人投资涉及公用事业产品领域。公用事业产品私人供给的必要性在于可以增强竞争意识,有利于经济和社会效益的提高,有利于解决基础性项目的资金短缺,消除社会经济的“瓶颈”障碍。政府应采取合约出租、政府购买、特许经营、经济资助、政府参股等方式利用市场提供公用事业产品。     

Click Here to Print a Maker Movement Supply Chain: How Invention and Entrepreneurship Will Disrupt Supply Chain Design

Emerging technologies such as 3D printing promise to transform supply chain design and management. As these new technologies enable inventors to become entrepreneurs, new product introduction cycle times are being reduced and the variety of new products that are introduced through short channels of distribution is increasing. We show that these disruptive forces are growing and may have significant implications for practice, research, and teaching in supply chain management. We identify and elaborate important research questions, calling for theory‐driven research to explain and predict how these phenomena will impact supply chain management.     

协作创新与责任传递 打造可持续的供应链——“发挥传粉效应建设可持续供应链的有效途径”分论坛

加强供应链的管理已经变成了企业提升核心竞争力的重要趋势,但供应链管理当中涉及的环境、安全、劳工以及其他社会问题也成为了举世关注的焦点,影响着全球整体的和各地区的商业生态环境以及整个社会的可持续发展。随着经济全球化与国际分工的进一步发展,加强供应链的管理已经变成了企业提升核心竞争力的重要趋势,     

Toward Moral Responsibility Theories of Corporate Sustainability and Sustainable Supply Chain

Earth’s life-support system is facing megaproblems of sustainability. One important way of how these problems can be addressed is through innovation. This paper argues that responsible innovation that contributes to sustainable development (SD) consists of three dimensions: (1) innovations avoid harming people and the planet, (2) innovations ‘do good’ by offering new products, services, or technologies that foster SD, and (3) global governance schemes are in place that facilitate innovations that avoid harm and ‘do good.’ The paper discusses global governance schemes based on deliberation as a means to foster such responsible innovation. These schemes can provide voluntary soft-law regulations that complement and extend national and international hard-law regulations and facilitate collective innovation that contributes to SD goals. The article addresses the facilitative role of governments and international organizations in overcoming problems of deliberation and offers illustrative examples of such governance schemes.     

新产业模式:效率型供应链的响应性问题解决之道

随着全球化竞争和信息时代的到来,来自供求两方面的不确定性持续增强已成为产业发展的一般趋势。市场环境复杂性的提高,使得适应于稳态环境的效率型供应链的需求响应性差的问题更加突出,本文通过其与响应型供应链的三方面对比,揭示出响应型供应链的相对优势实质上来自其代表的新产业模式趋势,并得出应用新产业模式改造效率型供应链作为其响应性问题的解决之道。     

供应链的风险及防范

企业之间的竞争就是供应链之间的竞争,而企业的供应链又存在各种风险,本文分析了企业存在的供应链风险,以及如何评估供应链风险,并提出了供应链存在的风险的防范措施。     

装配生产型供应链上下游企业间的联系与知识传递

在装配生产型供应链中,生产商与供应商之间技术关联程度较高,随着技术变化速度加快,它们之间的知识传递问题也越来越重要。本文综合装配生产型供应链的产品特征、供应链组织结构、上下游成员间关系、知识传递的行为和知识创造,针对上下游企业之间的知识传递问题构建了一个广泛的研究框架,并且对各个概念进行了细化分析,讨论了影响知识传递的重要因素和影响方式。     

The Supply of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures Among U.S. Firms

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a dramatically expanding area of activity for managers and academics. Consumer demand for responsibly produced and fair trade goods is swelling, resulting in increased demands for CSR activity and information. Assets under professional management and invested with a social responsibility focus have also grown dramatically over the last 10 years. Investors choosing social responsibility investment strategies require access to information not provided through traditional financial statements and analyses. At the same time, a group of mainstream institutional investors has encouraged a movement to incorporate environmental, social, and governance information into equity analysis, and multi-stakeholder groups have supported enhanced business reporting on these issues. The majority of research in this area has been performed on European and Australian firms. We expand on this literature by exploring the CSR disclosure practices of a size- and industry-stratified sample of 50 publicly traded U.S. firms, performing a content analysis on the complete identifiable public information portfolio provided by these firms during 2004. CSR activity was disclosed by most firms in the sample, and was included in nearly half of public disclosures made during that year by the sample firms. Areas of particular emphasis are community matters, health and safety, diversity and human resources (HR) matters, and environmental programs. The primary venues of disclosure are mass media releases such as corporate websites and press releases, followed closely by disclosures contained in mandatory filings. Consistent with prior research, we identify industry effects in terms of content, emphasis, and reporting format choices. Unlike prior research, we can offer only mixed evidence on the existence of a size effect. The disclosure frequency and emphasis is significantly different for the largest one-fifth of the firms, but no identifiable trends are present within the rest of the sample. There are, however, identifiable size effects with respect to reporting format choice. Use of websites is positively related to firm size, while the use of mandatory filings is negatively related to firm size. Finally, and also consistent with prior literature, we document a generally self-laudatory tone in the content of CSR disclosures for the sample firms.     

供应链集中度与企业创新——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

信息技术革命和国际垂直分工深刻地改变了全球制造业的生产格局和竞争基础，传统的企业间竞争正逐渐演化为供应链间的竞争。对2011-2018年A股制造业上市公司的实证分析发现：供应商集中度负向影响企业创新，但这一效应在市场地位较高的企业中得到弱化；客户集中度与企业创新则呈显著正相关，且在市场地位较高的企业中得到强化。研究还发现，融资约束缓解是供应链集中度影响企业创新活动的作用渠道。研究对于供应链与创新活动之间的关系做出了文献贡献，并对创新驱动发展战略下企业根据自身市场地位权变性地从事创新活动提供了实践指导。     

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Supply Chain: An Application in the Food Industry

The food industry faces many significant risks from public criticism of corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in the supply chain. This paper draws upon previous research and emerging industry trends to develop a comprehensive framework of supply chain CSR in the industry. The framework details unique CSR applications in the food supply chain including animal welfare, biotechnology, environment, fair trade, health and safety, and labor and human rights. General supply chain CSR issues such as community and procurement are also considered. Ultimately, the framework serves as a comprehensive tool to support food industry practitioners and researchers in the assessment of strategic and operational supply chain CSR practices.     

试论我国目前经济状态下的雇主责任

雇主责任也称替代责任,替代责任是一种无过错责任,雇员只要在雇用范围内实施了侵权行为,雇主即要对受害人承担赔偿责任,不问雇主是否有过错。大陆法中的雇主责任,有的国家采用过错推定责任,有的国家采用无过错责任。无过错责任原则合乎世界民法之潮流,应当为我国未来民法典所借鉴。     

现代企业社会责任驱动的供应链发展策略研究

企业社会责任涵化和政策激励是驱动企业不断完善社会责任的动力。企业社会责任在供应链中的压力是不均匀的,可将供应链上的企业社会责任发展策略分为供应链前端的风险规避策略、供应链中端的核心优势策略和供应链后端的信息共享策略三种形式。现代企业的竞争是供应链的竞争,国际社会对中国企业社会责任关注的主要焦点是供应链。跨国企业主要受国际性标准影响,常常是购买方（国外大品牌）而不是政府管理者要求企业遵守劳动法,但从中长期来看,自愿性将逐步成为中国企业社会责任的发展趋势。     

Supply Chain Integrity: A Key to Sustainable Supply Chain Management

As stakeholders continue to increasingly hold firms accountable for environmental and social performance in their supply chains, the importance of understanding how firms can be more sustainable becomes more prescient. Based on the underlying premise of stakeholder theory that business and ethics decisions are intertwined, the current research introduces the concept of supply chain integrity (SCI) to explore how the interdependence of business and ethics decisions can lead to improvements in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices. Exploratory analysis employing secondary data sources in an elastic net (EN) logistic regression provides support for the proposed construct, by providing preliminary empirical evidence that SCI, measured through two subdimensions of structural and moral SCI, can be linked to firm sustainability. The research contributes to the supply chain management literature by: (1) introducing the concept of SCI; (2) performing an exploratory econometric analysis to provide initial validity of the SCI construct; and (3) providing a research agenda to guide further research on the concept of SCI and its role in SSCM.     

Retailer Supply Chain and Market Access: Evidence From French Agri‐food Firms Certified with Private Standards

This paper explores an original data set identifying French agri‐food firms certified with two European private standards: the International Food Standard and/or the British Retail Consortium standard (BRC). Certified firms complying with such requirements are able to supply some European retailers with products sold under their retailers' own private label. Our analysis revealed that certified firms were among the biggest and most productive firms in the sample. Then, based on recent developments in international economics, we propose a modification of Chaney's model and estimations to test for the hypothesis that entering retailer networks reduces export costs faced by certified firms to access European union (EU) markets. After controlling for size and productivity effects, model estimations show that French firms who adopt BRC and enter the corresponding network benefit from better access through a significant decrease in their entry costs to certain EU markets.     

How Managers Handle Conflict in Supply Chain Collaborative Relationships in Ghana

To contribute to a broader understanding of how conflict impacts the emergence of collaborative relationships in the supply chain, the authors conduct a series of simulation games among supply chain collaborative teams in Ghana, West Africa. Results lend support to a theoretic proposition that managers' responses to conflict differ on the basis of their evaluative judgments about the favorability of processes and fairness of outcomes as predicted by the process and outcome discrepancy model (Kumar & Nti, 1998 Kumar , R. , & Nti , K. O. ( 1998 ). Differential learning and interaction in alliance dynamics: A process and outcome discrepancy model . Organizational Science , 9 , 356 – 367 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Further, results show that most collaborative relationships are prone to only a moderate level of conflict (contentious) as opposed to being highly conflict-prone (hostile) or conflict-free (harmonious), but the incidence of contentious and hostile relationships has a greater negative impact on collaboration decisions than the incidence of harmonious relationships. These findings demonstrate the importance of the process and outcome discrepancy model and the loss aversion tenet in prospect theory to supply chain collaboration research and strategy formulation.     

Conflicts of Responsibility in the Globalized Textile Supply Chain. Lessons of a Tragedy

Eight years before the Rana Plaza collapse (24 April 2013), which killed over 1100 people and received huge international media coverage, a somewhat similar tragedy drew my attention: the collapse of the Spectrum Sweater Industries Ltd. factory (10 April 2005), which was responsible for the death of 64 people and led to some international mobilization. This paper describes and analyses the international career of the mobilization for the victims spurred by the tragedy. How were European consumers and citizens called upon to act? How did the European brands react? In the end, the question is how the appeal to Western firms’ “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) can help improve the working conditions prevailing in Southern factories. By applying a generic definition of responsibility (the controlled administration of a sanction) and minutely examining the imputations of responsibility consecutive to the Spectrum tragedy, the paper exposes the work of activists who attempted to establish Western companies’ responsibility, and how some of the tagged companies resisted their moral obligation to protect workers beyond an employer–employee relationship stricto sensu.