Ethical Complexity of Social Change: Negotiated Actions of a Social Enterprise

Journal of Business Ethics - This paper investigates how social enterprises navigate through the ethical complexity of social change and extends the ethical quandaries faced by social enterprises...     

略论企业家对企业文化的影响

企业家是现代企业发展的主要动力。在对企业家的概念进行论述的基础上,着重论述了企业家精神对企业文化的影响。     

From Medics to Managers: The Ascent of the Entrepreneur

Where one stands to engage with the world is not as some New Age Psychologists continue to argue, completely free and self-determined. Rather, it is formed largely beyond one’s control and is fraught with both dangers and opportunities. This pre-determined point of view is referred to as the Assumptive World (Parkes, 1975). This is defined as a “strongly held set of assumptions about the world and the self that is confidently maintained and used as a means of recognizing, planning and acting…Assumptions such as these are learned and confirmed by the experience of many years” (Parkes, 1975, p. 132). There are, further, levels and intensities of assumptions, as refined by Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). These assumptions form the centre point of our world and our consciousness. They are so much a part of us that we tend not to challenge them. Though unchallenged, these assumptions nevertheless drive our behaviors, set our expectations, and operationalize our moral views.     

Social Enterprise and the Capability Approach: Exploring How Social Enterprises Are Humanizing Business

ABSTRACT

This mixed-method empirical study applies the capability approach, a multidimensional framework for evaluating human development, to survey 115 social enterprises on their social activities. Findings reveal that social enterprises create services and programs that seek to meet an average of three types of human needs and are more likely to target some human needs more than others. Research implications include the creation of a model and a tool for applying the capability approach to examine social value creation in social businesses. Findings contribute to practice by introducing a tool that leaders of social organizations, consultants, or training institutions may use to design the social activities of social enterprises and other social businesses and organizations.     

Erratum to: Ethical Leadership,Organic Organizational Cultures and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Study in Social Enterprises

Decades of tobacco control initiatives have turned public opinion against cigarette smoking. Smokers, once considered glamorous, are now stigmatized in domains including the workplace. Extant literature lacks scrutiny of smoker stigmatization and devaluation within the job selection process, and mechanisms that lead to such outcomes. Using an experimental design, we empirically examine initial reactions to job applicants’ smoking behaviors within two samples (N = 122 Canadian business students, and N = 143 online U.S. respondents with hiring experience). We show that initial impressions are significantly worse when job applicants smoke versus do not in a store-based context. Moreover, this effect occurs indirectly through perceived likelihood of engaging in counterproductive work behaviors (and to some extent negative emotions experienced), and is conditional upon respondents’ own attitudes towards smoking (particularly within the U.S. sample). These relationships—similar for customer service and inventory management jobs—are indicative of potential biases within the hiring process. Implications of these findings, and the moral dilemmas they raise around the treatment of smokers, are discussed from the ethical perspective of human resource management.     

保障措施引发的国际贸易摩擦与对策思考——发挥企业及社会力量积极应对贸易摩擦挑战

在不久前结束的两会中,一个重要的议题是中国如何应对国际贸易摩擦问题,这也是中国对外经济贸易发展中重要的现实问题。从国际贸易的发展过程来看,一些国家实施保障措施是引发国际贸易摩擦问题的一个因素。对于中国来说,由于世界经济危机等因素的影响,在一段时期内,保障措施引发的国际贸易摩擦问题将会进一步严重。中国应该积极发挥企业在应对国际贸易摩擦中的作用,并注意发挥与企业相关的各种社会力量,争取成功应对国际贸易摩擦。     

浅谈企业家的社会道德内涵

企业家的社会道德内涵随着社会发展而被社会要求。企业家的趋利性会掩盖其社会道德内涵,企业家经常面对社会道德困惑,企业家的社会道德缺失问题,需要对企业家进行科学管理、政府加强立法和执法监督以及转变行政考核制度等方面解决。     

Ethical Leadership,Organic Organizational Cultures and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Study in Social Enterprises

While recent studies have increasingly suggested leadership as a major precursor to corporate social responsibility (CSR), empirical studies that examine the impact of various leader aspects such as style and ethics on CSR and unravel the mechanism through which leadership exerts its influence on CSR are scant. Ironically, paucity of research on this theme is more prevalent in the sphere of social enterprises where it is of utmost importance. With the aim of addressing these gaps, this research empirically examines the interaction between ethical leadership and CSR and, in addition, investigates organic organizational cultures (clan culture and adhocracy culture) as mediators in the above interaction. To this end, a model was developed and tested on the sample of 350 middle- and top-level managers associated with 28 Indian healthcare social enterprises, using Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, Bootstrapping and PROCESS. Results reveal that ethical leadership both directly and indirectly influences CSR practices. The indirect influence of ethical leadership involves nurturing clan and adhocracy cultures, which in turn influence CSR. These findings are significant for social enterprise leaders seeking to encourage their organizations’ socially responsible behavior.     

论中小型企业的生存、创新与发展--从企业孵化到知识公园

中小型企业在国民经济活动中的重要性越来越突出，如何提高他们的生存、创新与发展空间也越来越受到各方面的重视。企业孵化是一种扶持新型企业从启动到投入市场的专业机构，是一种扶持中、小型企业，振兴地方经济、提高就业机会、解决经济危机留下的疑难问题的有效手段，它的实用性在西方已经得到有效证实，近20年来，这种概念已被世界各国所接受，在发达国家以及一些发展中国家，企业孵化模式已经发展成为知识公园。事实证明，企业孵化对于实现知识的产业化和企业创新的实现有着极为重要的作用。     

商业目标与社会目标的分离是开启国有企业困境之门的金钥匙

我国的国有企业因其所具有的特殊性，使得竞争乏力、效益低下等问题一直是改革以来困扰国有企业的难题。根据中央国有企业改革有进有退、有所为有所不为的精神，只有使国有企业所承担的双重目标即商业目标和社会目标分离，才能使其真正走出目前的困境。     

Consequential Utilitarianism: Addressing Ethical Deficiencies in the Municipal Landfill Siting Process

This paper examines ethical concerns of the utilitarian paradigm, the greatest good for the greatest number, advocated by many proponents and consultants in siting landfills. The implications of the consequentialist utilitarian approach are considered through the examination of a landfill-site-search case study in Ontario, Canada. Limitations to such an approach, in terms of differing values, equal consideration, equitable participation, distributive justice and the emphasis on non-quantifiable factors are discussed. Recommendations to improve the process are made based on the ethical analysis of the case study.     

Advertising and Knowledge Intermediaries: Managing the Ethical Challenges of Intangibles

In today's business environment, the knowledge-based society, globalisation, and information and communication technologies (ICT) have increased the role of "intangible" values of assets and resources for all industries. As a result there is an increased role for knowledge intermediaries; one of these, advertising, plays an important role in affecting consumer choice and knowledge. Ethical issues which arise for traditional purveyors of intangibility – cultural industries such as art, music, or film, spread to advertising. Building on our perspective of the measurement of intangibles we propose a new categorisation of types of goods or services, and a framework for identifying some future ethical challenges in today's global knowledge based society.     

Polish Economic Transformation: From Recession to Recovery and the Challenges Ahead

The Polish path from planning to markets was dramatic and risky but the benefits are already beginning to show. The Solidarity-led government introduced simultaneous macroeconomic stabilization and microeconomic liberalization programmes in January 1990. Inflation was successfully brought under control and free markets were rapidly established, but at the same time the country went into a deep recession. However the economy has been experiencing a strong recovery for more than a year, and Poland will probably be the fastest growing economy in Europe in 1993. There has also been major progress in restructuring and, to a lesser extent, privatization. Overall, Poland has made substantial progress towards a West European-type economy.     

中国企业海外子公司绩效研究:基于社会网络和制度视角

本文将社会网络理论和制度理论结合起来,通过调查问卷研究中国企业海外子公司在东道国的社会网络关系和东道国正式制度对其绩效的影响机制。研究结果表明:中国企业海外子公司与东道国政府以及本土商业机构的网络关系越紧密,海外子公司获取的资源或援助就越多;东道国正式制度环境越不完善,海外子公司从东道国政企机构获取的资源或援助越多;将正式制度细分为政治制度、经济制度和企业运营环境制度检验时,发现海外子公司从政治关系和商业关系中获取资源或援助的程度受东道国政治制度的负向影响最大;海外子公司从东道国政企机构获取的资源或援助改善了其财务指标和运行指标,但对其整体效益的促进作用不显著。     

人口老龄化对老年社会保障及社会服务提出的挑战

根据最新统计资料,就某些发达国家和中国的人口老龄化对社会保障的影响问题作了研究。人口老龄化的社会经济影响主要体现在社会保障的问题上,由于人口老龄化,特别是正规职业人口的老龄化导致退休金、医疗保障和老年人的服务问题成为普遍性的社会问题,解决这些问题成为我国社会保障制度建设重点所在。     

人口老龄化对老年社会保障及社会服务提出的挑战

根据最新统计资料,就某些发达国家和中国的人口老龄化对社会保障的影响问题作了研究.人口老龄化的社会经济影响主要体现在社会保障的问题上,由于人口老龄化,特别是正规职业人口的老龄化导致退休金、医疗保障和老年人的服务问题成为普遍性的社会问题,解决这些问题成为我国社会保障制度建设重点所在.     

Challenges and Insights from South Asia for Imagining Ethical Organizations: Introduction to the Special Issue

Journal of Business Ethics - South Asia is a region that two billion world citizens call home. It connotes not only a geographical place but a discursive space that, despite its heterogeneities of...