The Effectiveness of Bank Governance Reforms in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: A Stakeholder Approach

This study examines the impact of bank corporate governance reforms in the wake of the financial crisis. These reforms correspond to criticism of shareholder-focused agency-based corporate governance practices and a renewed focus on the stakeholder impact of corporate governance lapses in the financial sector. This study differs from previous studies of corporate governance in the financial sector in using performance indicators that proxy the interests of customers and the community. Drawing on data from 134 countries over an eight-year period from 2004 to 2011, we find that the post-crisis corporate governance reforms in the banking sector appear to be effective in promoting greater bank attention to non-shareholder stakeholders’ interests. This study provides a means to conceptualize measures of bank performance from a stakeholder perspective in order to test emerging ideas about governance effectiveness in the financial sector.     

综合优势、发展战略与金融危机——对“东亚奇迹”及金融危机的再解释

近十年来,关于一国或地区(尤其是欠发达国家或地区)应该选择何种经济发展战略的问题,在我国经济学界中出现了赶超战略论与比较优势战略论之争。本文提出了"综合优势战略论":在经济发展过程中,实施赶超战略容易造成"赶超困境",而实施比较优势战略则容易陷入"比较优势陷阱",只有实施综合考虑比较优势、分工优势和交易效率优势的"综合优势发展战略",才能够使经济持续、健康、快速地发展。"东亚奇迹"既非比较优势战略之功劳,也不是赶超战略之成就,而是实施综合优势战略的结果。偏离综合优势的经济更易于出现金融危机:赶超战略式的过度创新导致了源自美国的国际金融危机,而比较优势战略则引发了1997年的东南亚金融危机。     

金融危机冲击下中国服务贸易网络结构动态演化研究

本文基于Eora 26数据中189个国家(地区)的投入产出数据构建了世界服务贸易进出口网络,并基于整体和个体视角分解测度服务贸易网络的基本结构特征,同时重点考察金融危机对中国服务进出口部门发展的动态影响。此外,本文基于全球产业支撑网络的视角引入本国附加值率指标,对2004-2013年间中国服务贸易核心产业发展地位进行了测度,明确了异质性服务贸易部门提升发展地位的着力点。研究发现,我国服务贸易发展陷入低附加值率陷阱,服务贸易结构尚不具备较强的危机抗性,并且服务贸易发展呈现出明显的粗放型特征,服务贸易关系发展倾向于开拓新兴市场,量增而非质升。十三五时期应当加快结构调整,推动服务贸易质量上升并且着力发展高附加值率服务部门,以强化服务产业的抗危机能力。     

美国金融危机和亚洲金融危机起因的比较

<正>2008年下半年,由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机席卷全球,至今尚未见底。1997年7月2日,泰国宣布放弃固定汇率制,实行浮动汇率制,引发了一场遍及东南亚的金融风暴,1999年才结束,这就是亚洲金融危机。两次金融危机爆发前后相距11年。本文探讨了前后两次金融危机的起因,以期对我国金融业有所警示。     

Whistleblowing in Organizations: An Examination of Correlates of Whistleblowing Intentions,Actions, and Retaliation

Whistleblowing on organizational wrongdoing is becoming increasingly prevalent. What aspects of the person, the context, and the transgression relate to whistleblowing intentions and to actual whistleblowing on corporate wrongdoing? Which aspects relate to retaliation against whistleblowers? Can we draw conclusions about the whistleblowing process by assessing whistleblowing intentions? Meta-analytic examination of 193 correlations obtained from 26 samples (N = 18,781) reveals differences in the correlates of whistleblowing intentions and actions. Stronger relationships were found between personal, contextual, and wrongdoing characteristics and whistleblowing intent than with actual whistleblowing. Retaliation might best be predicted using contextual variables. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Crisis Management and Resolution:Lessons from the Financial Crisis

The recent crisis was unusual in its speed and breadth and the type of countries affected.Systemic crises, situations of significant stress in the financial sector, followed by significant policy interventions, often affect several countries at the same time.In the past, though, crises have been largely limited to specific regions or types of economies, the Nordic countries in the early 1990s, Latin America in the mid-1990s, Asia in the late 1990s, and the emerging market economies of the early 2000s.The recent crisis has been unusual in its global nature, affecting countries with a speed and virulence not seen since the Great Depression, with major advance countries and countries recently integrating with the European Union (EU) most affected.     

Crisis of Governance

Abstract

This paper looks at links between firms' behavior and the institutional environment in Russia. It seeks to show that the intentional weakening of the economic and administrative role of the state in the early stages of reforms has increased the economic and social cost of transition. This happens as the majority of firms in Russia still prefer short-term solutions and partial adjustment to full-scale restructuring as they often fail to show anticipated responses following privatization and price liberalization. The shortage of market-type response can be attributed to the fragility of market-based incentives. The new institutional economics maintains that the cradle for these incentives is the system of institutions, which are the rules of the game in the society or, more formally, the humanly-devised constraints that shape human interactions. Accordingly, this paper argues that for the post-communist reforms to achieve their objectives, it is essential for the state to provide a framework, institutionalizing economic conflict and thus contributing to sustainable development. However, the analysis suggests that the evolvement of a modern institutional rëgime in the country is likely to be delayed as a consequence of vested interest of a number of powerful economic groups.     

金融危机对金融业的影响和对策

在当前全球一体化背景下,金融危机对世界上绝大多数经济体都产生了较大的影响。当前,国际金融危机远未结束,全球经济复苏步履维艰,国际金融跌宕起伏,贸易保护主义抬头,外需疲软。国内外严峻形势和宏观市场环境导致金融机构业务经营难度和风险管控的难度不断增大,中国金融业的发展无疑将面临非常巨大的挑战,许多中国金融企业核心竞争力不强,管理水平不高,创新能力不足等仍然是普遍的问题。应对金融危机,应健全风险管理系统,贷后个人信用风险处置系统,贷中个人信用状况监控系统,完善个人资信档案登记制度和个人资信调查制度,完善信用管理系统。     

E-coli,Repo Madness,and the Financial Crisis

All bond prices plummeted (spreads rose) during the financial crisis, not just the prices of subprime-related bonds. These price declines were because of a banking panic in which institutional investors and firms refused to renew sale and repurchase agreements (repos)—short-term, collateralized, agreements that the U.S. Federal Reserve rightly used to count as money. Collateral for repos was, to a large extent, securitized bonds. Firms were forced to sell assets as a result of the banking panic, reducing all bond prices and creating losses. There is nothing mysterious or irrational about the panic. There were genuine fears about the locations of subprime risk concentrations among counterparties. This banking system (the “shadow” or “parallel” banking system)—repos based on securitization—is a genuine banking system, as large as the traditional, regulated banking system. It is of critical importance to the economy because it is the funding basis for the traditional banking system. Without it, traditional banks will not lend and credit will not be created.     

基于公司治理结构的上市公司财务危机预警机制研究

财务危机预警是为了在公司财务状况恶化之前发出预警信号,通过警源分析找出财务危机产生的原因,以便及时采取措施制止财务状况进一步恶化。以往基于财务指标建立的预测模型,存在的问题是,一方面难以深入剖析企业陷入财务危机的深层次原因;另一方面没有将财务预警系统的信息传递机制和预警分析机制规范化。从公司治理结构的视角出发,上市公司财务危机的分析,既要将股权结构、董事会结构、管理层这三个部分与财务危机的关系纳入财务危机预警机制,还要把财务危机预警分析的组织机制、公司治理结构信息与财务危机信息收集传递机制以及公司财务危机预警分析机制以制度的形式规范化,从而提高公司的治理水平。     

FDI,Growth and the Asian Financial Crisis: The Experience of Selected Asian Countries

This paper studies the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into selected South‐East Asian and East Asian economies after the Asian crisis. Empirical evidence indicates that South‐East and East Asian economies are recovering from the Asian crisis with strong output growth driven largely by export growth. However, output growth in the post‐crisis period is also accompanied by rising unemployment rates, growing government deficits, and declining FDI inflows into the South‐East Asian region. The declining FDI inflows into South‐East Asia after the crisis is of concern, as our empirical results show that FDI is important for output growth in the region. Our results also suggest that there might have been structural changes in the regional economies that could have led to a downward shift in the output growth of Asian economies in the post‐crisis period. This raises the issue of the sustainability of their output growth in the post‐crisis period.     

金融风暴产生的影响及对策分析

美国次贷危机引发的世界金融危机使得所有以美元作为外汇储备的国家损失严重,这些国家无论出钱与否都是美国救市的买单者,面对此类危机,中国政府应该降低贸易顺差,减少美元外汇储备,促使出口贸易多元化,增加国内需求,稳定国内经济,以此减缓世界金融风暴的蔓延。     

Family Control,Socioemotional Wealth,and Governance Environment: The Case of Bribes

This study examines the relationship between family control and young entrepreneurial firm’s bribing behavior around the globe. Relying on over 2,000 young firms from the World Bank Environment Survey, we find that family control helps to reduce a firm’s bribery behavior, but further investigation shows that this effect only exists in countries with weaker macro-governance environment. In countries with more established and transparent governance mechanism, family control does not seem to make any difference. We interpret our findings as the business family’s preservation of socioemotional wealth.     

金融危机引发的企业危机管理思考

<正>全球持续蔓延的金融危机给世界各国企业造成沉重打击。就我国企业而言,也不可避免地纷纷出现订单下降、销量下滑、利润降低、出口受阻、裁员、降薪、破产、倒闭等现象,在外向型企业中尤为严重。但不要忘记,任何事物的发展都有内因和外因两方面的因素。外因只是条件,仅起     

Whistleblowing and Information Ethics: Facilitation,Entropy, and Ecopoiesis

The economic and moral defense of sweatshops given by Powell and Zwolinski (J Bus Ethics 107:449–472, 2012) has been criticized in two recent papers. Coakley and Kates (J Bus Ethics 117:553–558, 2013) focus on putative weaknesses in the logic of Powell’s and Zwolinski’s argument. Preiss (Bus Ethics Quart 24(1):55–82, 2014) argues that, even granting the validity of their economic argument, Powell’s and Zwolinski’s defense is without force when viewed from a Kantian republican viewpoint. We are concerned that sweatshop critics have misinterpreted the economic literature and overstated the conclusions that follow from their ethical premises. We show that the best understanding of the current economic literature supports Powell’s and Zwolinski’s conclusions about the negative effects of sweatshop wage regulation, and that it is unreasonable to reject economic analysis in moral argument against sweatshops even from a Kantian perspective. Additionally, we defend the theory of exploitation as unfairness given by Wertheimer (Exploitation, 1996), and show how economic analysis can be applied to that theory to identify cases of sweatshop exploitation.     

金融海啸下女性服装市场依然红火

<正>2009年是不平凡的一年,世界各国都经历了沉重的打击,中国也不例外。自全球经济衰退在2008年第四季度冲击中国以来,中国的企业状况和消费者信心指数一度跌至历史低位。尽管快速消费品行业被普遍视为具有"防御性"的行业,但其销售额仍然受到了不同程度的影响。     

东亚金融危机:典型事实与成因逻辑

东亚金融危机是多重因素共同作用的结果,既有根植于东亚各国发展模式的内生因素,又有来源于全球宏观经济发展环境的外生因素。外债负担过重、银行风险集聚、金融自由化无序、金融和政治腐败等是东亚金融危机的主要原因。具体说来,一是东亚各国高投资的"同质性"增长模式导致债务规模和不合理的债务结构,特别是大量基于投机和套利的短期资本涌入,使其暴露于巨大的风险当中。二是在"盲目"的投资冲动下,东亚各国的银行资产负债表不断恶化,风险迅速向银行体系集聚,连锁式的信用恐慌加剧了危机的深度和广度。三是东亚各国资本项目过早开放、利率管制过于放松以及金融监管长期滞后,表明金融自由化与本国经济金融的发展程度严重不匹配,无法有效防范和控制危机。四是金融和政治严重腐败,而制度发展水平、政府纪律及管理能力又比较低。     

The Corporate Psychopaths Theory of the Global Financial Crisis

This short theoretical paper elucidates a plausible theory about the Global Financial Crisis and the role of senior financial corporate directors in that crisis. The paper presents a theory of the Global Financial Crisis which argues that psychopaths working in corporations and in financial corporations, in particular, have had a major part in causing the crisis. This paper is thus a very short theoretical paper but is one that may be very important to the future of capitalism because it discusses significant ways in which Corporate Psychopaths may have acted recently, to the detriment of many. Further research into this theory is called for.