Micro and macroeconomic effects of financial innovation in a domestic and international perspective

This paper is focused on the rise and the fall of structured finance, derivatives, and asset-backed securities. Special focus is made on the attempts of the banking sector to improve the economic performance, particularly the ROE, by creating, acquiring, and selling derivatives. The possible outcome of public intervention to rescue the financial sector is finally discussed. V. Coppola supported the research in collecting and elaborating data.     

论我国货币政策效应

本文基于VECM模型对我国货币政策效应做实证分析.结果表明,我国货币政策效应主要体现为促进经济增长,经济系统对货币需求和物价水平缺乏显著的抑制作用.我国中央银行为应对国际金融危机而实施的一系列宽松的货币政策,一方面有效地推动了GDP的止跌回升,另一方面也产生了通货膨胀的预期,助长了股票市场和房地产市场价格的高涨.因此在后金融危机时期要逐步调整货币政策,注意通货膨胀的风险,防范股票市场和房地产市场的泡沫.     

A neoclassical analysis of the Korean crisis

In late 1997, Korea experienced a huge and unusual economic crisis. The three main features of this crisis are the sudden recession, the rapid recovery and a consumption drop as large as the output drop. A large body of literature qualitatively explains the Korean crisis in terms of financial and monetary variables such as exchange rates and interest rates. This paper complements these studies by quantitatively analyzing fluctuations in real macroeconomic variables such as real GDP and consumption. A stochastic small open economy neoclassical model can quantitatively account for the Korean crisis taking TFP and real interest rates as exogenous.     

金融危机:一种政治哲学的解读

由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机反映了新自由主义意识形态的危机.新自由主义是从抽象的"理性人"出发,而不是从现实的社会关系出发,以抽象的普遍性意识形态,而不是以基于实践的科学意识形态,来演绎现实的政治经济建构.在"后金融危机"时期,对新自由主叉意识形态的认识与防范,时马克思主义意识形态的创新与发展,成为学术界亟待解决的重大课题.     

Financial development and growth: An empirical analysis

Over the last two decades several countries experienced currency crises. These were characterized both by a huge disruption of economic activity and an extreme speed of diffusion within countries. The financial turmoil happened in a period of very high degree of international financial integration. As a result financial liberalization was associated with greater incidence of crises and this brought an intense debate in both academic and policy circles about the consequences of free capital movements.     

Economic policy with bounded controls

When investigating optimal policies for macroeconomic models, it is common practice to modify the objective function so that the resulting optimal control trajectories become acceptable from a practical point of view. In this paper we argue that the sole purpose of the objective function should be to express the preference of the decision makers, and that explicit bounds on the controls should be used to ensure that the optimal controls will be practical. Using a piece-wise quadratic objective function involving only the unemployment and inflation rates, which are state (endogenous) variables, we first develop a discrete minimum principle, giving necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Then we perform various bounded control experiments with the 35-equation quarterly CLEAR model of the Canadian economy, which is very briefly described. The empirical results which were obtained using a version of the GRG algorithm are discussed in view of the conclusions that might be drawn for a real-world practical policy analysis.     

危机损失、经济复苏与金融结构比较——什么样的金融体系更能摆脱危机

本文从比较分析视角出发,研究在应对金融危机的过程中,不同的金融结构对经济增长的作用。我们利用57个国家从1960到2009年的面板数据检验了金融结构、金融发展水平与经济增长之间的相互联系。研究结果表明,只有当金融发展水平较高的经济体选择市场导向的金融结构时,才能降低金融危机的损失,提高经济复苏速度,而金融发展水平较低的经济体的最佳选择则是银行导向的金融结构。最后,本文结合中国的现实情况提出了相关的政策建议。     

从金融危机看宏观型对冲基金的本质

国际资本自由流动是宏观型对冲基金的温床。尽管国际上受美金融危机发生的具体原因千差万别,但共同的特点是有意、无意地扩大宏观经济基本面的失衡,然后借助金融市场的瞬间强制调整,获取巨额利润。宏观型对冲基金作为盈利组织无可厚非,关键是要避免宏观经济的严重失衡。     

国际金融危机与我国宏观经济政策反思

国际金融危机使得全球贸易与金融旧秩序被重新审视,新的变革即将开始。面对国际局势,我国必须立足国情,认真分析与反思当前一揽子经济刺激计划,在政策方针和微观经济活动之间建立有效的宏观政策传导机制,以政府投资引导和激发民间投资,改革阻碍发展的体制机制约束,尽早考虑大规模计划的退出机制,为获得长期发展战略竞争优势未雨绸缪,在国际政策博弈中牢牢争取把握主动。     

浅析我国房地产经济的宏观调控

为规范房地产市场健康、稳定的运行,对房地产业进行宏观调控是极为必要的。通过对房地产业的调整与改革,宏观调控的手段逐渐趋于合理,但也不可否认仍存在一些问题。文章基于国家统计局公布的房地产业相关数据及统计年鉴中的相应数据,从房地产经济来源及销售情况两个方面对我国房地产经济的发展现状进行了梳理。通过货币政策、财政政策、土地政策以及金融体系安全四个角度对房地产的宏观调控进行分析,指出了现行房地产宏观调控中存在的一些问题并提出了应对策略,以期为房地产业进行合理的宏观调控提供相应指导建议,促使其健康发展。     

Financial crisis and sustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry

Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international financial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and as the largest manufacturing country, China must face overproduction. The role of China as ＂world factory＂ determines that financial crisis will severely attack Chinese manufacturing industry. The unsustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects： heavy dependence on export, low-level manufacturing link, lack of modern service industry and high-tech industry, weak independent innovative ability, unsustainable exploration of heavy-pollution resources, and lack of international famous brands. How to transform crisis to opportunities is an urgent research topic. Under the circumstance of financial crisis. Chinese manufacturing industry has more external drives to change the current situation. Therefore, financial crisis becomes not only an opportunity for Chinese manufacturing industry to improve itself based on the existing accumulation but also a chance for China to transform from ＂world factory＂ into a powerful nation of manufacturing industry in the world.     

宏观政策对中国经济波动的影响模拟

文章通过建立一个包含货币政策、具有自动稳定机制的财政政策、金融中介机构以及粘性价格、粘性工资等特性的新凯恩斯主义动态随机一般均衡模型(DSGE),在校准模型结构参数的基础上,运用脉冲响应技术手段分析了财政政策、货币政策以及贷款、消费偏好等8个外生随机冲击对我国经济波动的影响。研究发现：货币供应量、消费偏好和政府购买支出等冲击均导致我国经济上升,即产出和通货膨胀均上升,贷款和技术冲击导致产出增加而通货膨胀下降,投资调整成本冲击导致产出和通货膨胀均下降,价格加成和工资加成冲击均导致产出下降、通货膨胀上升;货币供应量、技术和投资调整成本冲击是我国经济波动的主要来源,财政政策对中国经济波动的影响相对较小。     

Investing against the wind: contagion during the recent financial crisis

This article examines the effect of Warren Buffett’s investment in Goldman Sachs on 24 September 2008, during the subprime mortgage crisis. Although this event is arguably perceived to be the biggest expression of confidence in the financial market during the crisis, by conducting event studies, we do not find the major counterparties of Goldman Sachs displayed positive abnormal returns. Moreover, the abnormal return is not significantly related to the counterparty connection. We have similar findings on these financial institutions’ default probabilities using credit default swap.     

跨境资本流动与宏观周期研究述评

实际经济周期理论(RBC)无法解释国内偏好(Home Bias)和资产异质性(Idiosyncratic Asset)问题,因而无法全面阐释金融危机时期国际资本流动。通过大量文献将投资组合理论引入开放动态随机一般均衡(ODSGE)模型较好地解决了以上问题。与此同时,对国际资本流动的研究从一阶矩扩展到二阶矩,即由单独关注收益因素到关注收益因素并关注风险因素,构建了研究国际资本流动与经济周期波动一般性分析框架。这一新进展对于研究中国实施资本管制和构建国际资本流动管理体系具有较强的理论和现实意义。文章对以上研究成果进行了梳理,重点梳理了跨境资本流动与金融危机、周期波动的相关研究并对之进行述评。     

Innovation strategies of industrial groups in the global crisis: Rationalization and new paths

In the on-going context of globalization, the strategy of multinational enterprises combines the aims of constant supply renewal (through technological, but also organizational and commercial innovation) and of production rationalization (reduction of production costs). The financial dimension is narrowly linked to these strategies, as the financial deregulation has generated a strong pressure on enterprises, aimed at increasing the shareholder value. In this paper, we study the impacts of the current financial and economic crisis on the strategy and the management of innovation in big industrial firms. We present the result of an enquiry that has been achieved in France in 2009 and 2010 in companies such as Renault, Thales, General Electric, Lesieur, PSA, Saint-Gobain, Valeo, and ArcelorMittal. We show that firms rationalize their R&D expenses, accentuate their open innovation strategies, develop a strategic use of IPRs and try to implement new innovation paths, oriented toward the exploitation (low cost strategies) and the accumulation (clean technologies) of their knowledge-capital.     

Competition in the economic crisis: Analysis of procurement auctions

We study the effects of the recent economic crisis on firms׳ bidding behavior and markups in sealed bid auctions. Using data from Austrian construction procurements, we estimate bidders׳ construction costs within a private value auction model. We find that markups of all bids submitted decrease by 1.5 percentage points in the recent economic crisis, markups of winning bids decrease by 3.3 percentage points. We also find that without the government stimulus package this decrease would have been larger. These two pieces of evidence point to pro-cyclical markups.     

资源配置和产出效应:金融腐败的宏观经济成本

本文根据对Solow Swan模型和Ramsey模型的修订 ,把金融腐败引入生产函数和效用函数 ,研究金融腐败的宏观经济后果 ,提出四个基本结论。第一 ,金融机构通过寻租制造稀缺 ,从而扭曲了资源价格 ,导致了资源错误配置 ,由此造成金融资源使用效率的低下 ;第二 ,腐败程度与产出水平存在拉弗曲线关系 ,或者说 ,产出水平与融资腐败程度存在多重均衡 (multipleequilibria) ,融资腐败取决于经济发展中的资金需求程度和资金的稀缺性 ;第三 ,融资腐败是一种转移支付 ,是金融机构或监管部门直接或间接攫取实体经济部门的产出收益 ,这似乎是一个零和博弈 ,但是实际情况远较此复杂。由于这种转移支付的存在 ,资金市场面临进一步的短缺 ,出现“利率偏离实体经济需求的反常抬升”。因此 ,金融腐败是制造稀缺的行为 ;第四 ,我们证明了这样一个事实———由于金融腐败的存在 ,一般宏观经济学假定的从储蓄到投资的瞬间平滑过程是不符合实际情况的 ,由此才可以解释我国金融领域一个怪异而又为大家习以为常的现象 :一方面是储蓄存款余额的迅速攀升 ,另一方面是从城镇到农村持续存在的贷款难问题。     

发展中国家金融危机的两难与机遇

受制于自身的发展水平和世界经济体系中的地位,发展中国家不仅是经济领域的落后,也是整体性制度安排的落后。所以,金融危机对发展中国家影响的后果不仅体现在经济领域,也体现在非经济领域。金融危机放大了发展中国家存在的固有问题,使其反危机政策的制定和实施处于两难境地,进而制约各项反周期政策的实施,但反危机政策的+国际协调也为发展中国家提升在国际经济体系中的地位带来了机遇。